Is The Earth Flat Vs. Round Earth Vs. Black Knight Satellite Vs. Fermi Paradox? Here is my honest opinion on what I believe to be the actual shape of the Earth. This is only my opinion and what I believe. Flat-earthers believe one of the most curious conspiracy theories on the internet. Here's a look at what they believe and why. Of all the conspiracy theories that litter the Internet, the flat Earth conspiracy is quite possibly the most curious. After all, the ancient Greeks figured out the planet's shape (and even its circumference) in the third century B.C. But a fringe society founded in the 1950s, dedicated to insisting that the Earth is flat, has given rise to a modern ground of flat Earth adherents. These believers claim that the Earth is a flat disc, and that evidence that it is round — say, pictures taken from space — are an elaborate hoax involving multiple governments. Opinions differ on exactly how the flat Earth works, with believers concocting elaborate versions of physics and creative interpretations of the solar system to make their theories work. No one knows how many flat Earth believers are out there. According to Smithsonian Magazine, membership in the Flat Earth Society, founded in 1956, once reached 3,500 people. Today, the society claims more than 500 members on its roster. But some believers want nothing to do with the Flat Earth Society, according to a 2019 CNN article, with some attendees of the Flat Earth International Conference in Dallas that year telling the news agency that the organization is a government-sponsored front designed to make Flat Earthers look bad. (The Flat Earth Society responded to this by telling CNN, "We are not a government-controlled body. We're an organization of Flat Earth theorists that long predates most of the FEIC newcomers to the scene.") 81 Government & Affiliate Documents that admit Flat Earth It's A PDF Download. https://www.terre-plate.org/library/CIA%20NASA%20Documents/81%20Government%20_%20Affiliate%20Documents%20that%20admit%20Flat%20Earth-converted.pdf If a scientific conspiracy theory is funny, that doesn’t mean it’s a joke. As the Flat Earth Society/Flat Earth International Conference schism reveals, flat-earthers are not a monolithic group. The current president of the Flat Earth Society, Daniel Shenton, is a Londoner who now lives in Hong Kong. Robbie Davidson, who organizes the annual Flat Earth International Conferences, is a Canadian who espouses a Biblical worldview and opposes what he calls "scientism." A 2017 national poll by Public Policy Polling found that only 1% of Americans believed the Earth was flat, with an additional 6% saying they weren't sure. There was very little evidence of differences in this belief by political affiliation, with any differences between Trump voters, Clinton voters and third-party voters falling within the poll's margin of error of 3.2%. A 2018 article in the Colorado Sun on a flat Earth convention in Denver found that many attendees believed a whole suite of conspiracy theories, such as that all politicians are actors and that powerful shadowy forces control the world. Flat-earthers occasionally get a boost from celebrity believers. For instance, on Jan. 25, 2016, rapper-singer Bobby Ray Simmons Jr. (known as B.o.B) released a track called "Flatline" in which he disses astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, after the two had a Twitter battle over the spherical-ness of the planet. B.o.B is convinced Earth is flat. A day earlier, the rapper tweeted: "No matter how high in elevation you are... the horizon is always eye level ... sorry cadets... I didn't wanna believe it either." In 2018, NBA player Kyrie Irving had to apologize after causing a media controversy by speculating that the Earth was flat on a 2017 podcast. The leading flat-earther theory holds that Earth is a disc with the Arctic Circle in the center and Antarctica, a 150-foot-tall (45 meters) wall of ice, around the rim. NASA employees, they say, guard this ice wall to prevent people from climbing over and falling off the disc. (In keeping with their skepticism of NASA, known flat-earther conspiracy theorist Nathan Thompson approached a man he said was a NASA employee in a Starbucks in mid-May 2017. In a YouTube video of the exchange, Thompson, founder of the Official Flat Earth and Globe Discussion page, shouted that he had proof the Earth is flat — apparently saying an astronaut drowning was that proof — and that NASA is "lying.") Furthermore, Earth's gravity is an illusion, they say. Objects do not accelerate downward; instead, the disc of Earth accelerates upward at 32 feet per second squared (9.8 meters per second squared), driven up by a mysterious force called dark energy. Currently, there is disagreement among flat-earthers about whether or not Einstein's theory of relativity permits Earth to accelerate upward indefinitely without the planet eventually surpassing the speed of light. (Einstein's laws apparently still hold in this alternate version of reality.) As for what lies underneath the disc of Earth, this is unknown, but most flat-earthers believe it is composed of "rocks." It's worth noting that all of the above is completely contentious even within the flat Earth community. "None of us believe that we're a flying pancake in space," Davidson told CNN in the 2019 article. At the Flat Earth International Conferences, it's more common to believe that space simply does not exist at all and the disc of the Earth sits still, he said. One speaker at the 2018 FEIC even argued that Earth is neither a sphere nor a disc, but instead is shaped like a diamond, according to The Guardian. Flat Earth opinions about the moon vary. Some think that while Earth is flat, the moon and sun are spheres, Live Science's sister site Space.com reported. In this vision of the solar system, Earth's day and night cycle is explained by positing that the sun and moon are spheres measuring 32 miles (51 kilometers) that move in circles 3,000 miles (4,828 km) above the plane of the Earth. (Stars, they say, move in a plane 3,100 miles up.) Like spotlights, these celestial spheres illuminate different portions of the planet over a 24-hour cycle. Flat-earthers believe there must also be an invisible "antimoon" that obscures the moon during lunar eclipses. On YouTube, there are videos pointing to shadows in pictures of the moon and arguing that the moon is transparent, and thus just a light. One speaker at the 2018 conference attended by a Guardian reporter made a case for the moon as a projection. If flat-earthers seem hard to dissuade based on standard scientific evidence, there's a reason for that: flat Earth theorizing follows from a mode of thought called the "Zetetic Method." The Zetetic Method is an alternative to the scientific method, developed by a 19th-century flat-earther, in which sensory observations reign supreme. "Broadly, the method places a lot of emphasis on reconciling empiricism and rationalism, and making logical deductions based on empirical data," Flat Earth Society vice president Michael Wilmore, an Irishman, told Live Science in 2017. In Zetetic astronomy, the perception that Earth is flat leads to the deduction that it must actually be flat; the antimoon, NASA conspiracy and all the rest are just rationalizations for how that might work in practice. Those details make the flat-earthers' theory so elaborately absurd it sounds like a joke, but many of its supporters genuinely consider it a more plausible model of astronomy than the one found in textbooks. In short, they aren't kidding. "The question of belief and sincerity is one that comes up a lot," Wilmore said. "If I had to guess, I would probably say that at least some of our members see the Flat Earth Society and Flat Earth Theory as a kind of epistemological exercise, whether as a critique of the scientific method or as a kind of 'solipsism for beginners.' There are also probably some who thought the certificate would be kind of funny to have on their wall. That being said, I know many members personally, and I am fully convinced of their belief." Wilmore counts himself among the true believers. "My own convictions are a result of philosophical introspection and a considerable body of data that I have personally observed, and which I am still compiling," he said. Wilmore and the society's president Shenton both think the evidence for global warming is strong, despite much of this evidence coming from satellite data gathered by NASA, the kingpin of the "round Earth conspiracy." They also accept evolution and most other mainstream tenets of science. This is in contrast to Davidson, who disputes other scientific theories and findings, such as evolution, that contradict a strict interpretation of the Bible. Despite the claims from flat-earthers, there are plenty of ways to know that the world is round. One quick option is to check out NASA's image library, which is chock-full of nice, curvy pictures of the globe taken from the International Space Station. If NASA is hoaxing everyone, they're committed to the bit. Don't trust NASA? The Russians also snap pictures of the round Earth, Space.com reported. So does Japan's space agency. And China's. For the flat-earther convinced that all these countries put aside their political tensions in order to maintain the fiction of a spherical Earth, there are also ways to check on the planet's shape with one's own eyes. One of the simplest is to go to a harbor and watch the ships depart. As a ship disappears over the horizon, the bottom of the ship will go first, followed gradually by the mast. You can also take a page out of the ancient Greeks' book. Ancient Hellenistic philosophers figured out that the world had to be a globe based on a few observations. One was that the stars aren't the same in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres: From opposite halves of the Earth, you're clearly looking out at different quadrants of space. Another was that Earth's shadow on the moon's surface during lunar eclipses is curved. The Greeks even figured out how to calculate an approximate circumference of the Earth with no fancier tools than a stick and the light of the sun. By measuring the angle of a shadow cast by the sun at the same time and day in two cities a known distance apart, the philosopher Eratosthenes was able to calculate that the planet's circumference was between 24,000 and about 29,000 miles (38,600 and 46,670 kilometers). (It's actually 24,900 miles.) The very fact that the angle of the sun differs on different parts of the planet indicates that we're all sitting on a globe. As inconceivable as their belief system seems, it doesn't really surprise experts. She said all conspiracy theories share a basic thrust: They present an alternative theory about an important issue or event, and construct an (often) vague explanation for why someone is covering up that "true" version of events. "One of the major points of appeal is that they explain a big event but often without going into details," she said. "A lot of the power lies in the fact that they are vague." The self-assured way in which conspiracy theorists stick to their story imbues that story with special appeal. After all, flat-earthers are more adamant that the Earth is flat than most people are that the Earth is round (probably because the rest of us feel we have nothing to prove). "If you're faced with a minority viewpoint that is put forth in an intelligent, seemingly well-informed way, and when the proponents don't deviate from these strong opinions they have, they can be very influential. We call that minority influence. Five Impossible Facts That Would Have To Be True If The Earth Were Flat. From any one location on the surface of the Earth, it's impossible to tell what our planet's shape is. Having a single vantage point, even with a clear horizon, allows you to see a handful of miles (or kilometers) in any direction, but that can only allow you to place constraints. The Earth could be flat, or spherical, or in hydrostatic equilibrium, or egg-shaped, or irregular, and you wouldn't know. All that you can know, from a single location on our surface, is that the Earth is indistinguishable from flat beyond a certain degree. If the Earth is round, it must be quite large: more than a few hundred miles (or kilometers) in diameter. Of course, it actually is quite round: a near-perfect sphere, to better than 99% precision. If you leave Earth's surface, it's impossible not to see the true shape of the Earth, as it's been unavoidable since we first traveled high enough to observe our planet's curvature. From high altitudes, or even from space, the true shape of the Earth can easily be seen. Its dimensions can be measured; its radius of curvature in all directions can be calculated; the imperfections and departures from sphericity are directly observable by our instruments. If you travel far enough away from Earth, you can observe an entire hemisphere at once, even watching the planet rotate on its axis in real time. At right around 12,700 kilometers (7,900 miles) in diameter, our world is undoubtedly a sphere. But what if you had never been to space, or high enough up to see the Earth's curvature yourself? What if you had never circumnavigated the globe, done the Eratosthenes experiment, or heard about the Shaquille O'Neal experiment that anyone can perform? Believe it or not, there are still a number of simple observations you can make that wouldn't occur if the Earth were flat. Here are the top five simplest ones. 1.) Lunar Eclipses don't occur only at midnight. Take a look at the shape of the Earth's shadow during a lunar eclipse, particularly during a partial phase. Do you notice how the Earth's shadow always appears to be a piece of a near-perfect circle? If the Earth were a flat disk, that means there's only one possible orientation that the Sun-Earth-Moon alignment can take place in to create a circular (rather than elliptical) shadow: with the Earth's "disk" perpendicular to the Sun-Moon plane. This means the Sun would need to be at the "midnight" position relative to the night side of Earth, and yet lunar eclipses occur at all different times depending on where you are on Earth. The flat Earth can't explain that. 2.) Different locations on Earth experience seasons at different times. Ever notice how the summer in the United States corresponds to winter in Australia? Or how winter in Italy lines up with summer in Argentina? This is because the Sun's rays, which are almost perfectly parallel, strike Earth at different angles during different parts of the year. If the Earth were flat, the Sun's rays would always come in at the same angle, meaning that the USA, Australia, Italy, and Argentina would all experience the seasons the same exact way. The flat Earth idea can't explain this. 3.) Different stars are visible from different latitudes. Look up at the night sky from a very high (northern) latitude location, and you'll see the Big and Little Dippers, the bright orange giant Arcturus, and the Pleiades, among other sights. Yet if you head to the south pole, none of these celestial sights are visible, but you can see Alpha Centauri, the Magellanic Clouds, and the Southern Cross, all of which are never visible to most northern hemisphere skywatchers. If the Earth were flat, everyone on the night side of the Earth would see the same sky; this is another observation that the flat Earth can't account for. 4.) You cannot see Kawaikini from the peak of Mauna Kea. Mauna Kea, the highest peak in Hawaii (the summit of the Big Island), offers incredible views. With nothing but the ocean around it, and a few other nearby islands, you should be able to see extremely far away. The island of Kauai has the seventh highest point in the Hawaiian islands: the peak known as Kawaikini. If you were to draw a straight line from Mauna Kea (elevation: 13,796 ft.) to Kawaikini (elevation: 5226 ft.) it would span a distance of 303 miles. However, you cannot see one from the other, which you would absolutely be able to do if the Earth were flat. With a curved Earth of its measured radius, the line-of-sight limit for those two elevations caps out at 233 miles. Only with a curved Earth is one invisible from the other, and this is true for any two mountain peaks with clear line-of-sights from one to the other. 5.) Sunsets and sunrises happen at different times depending on your longitude. If the Earth were flat, then someone in New York and someone in Los Angeles would see the sun rise and set at exactly the same time as one another. But in practice, the difference is approximately three hours. Not only that, but at every point in between, the Sun rises/sets at a different time, something that could not happen if the Earth were flat. The fact that it can be evening in New York and late afternoon in Los Angeles, or morning in New York while it's still before dawn in Los Angeles, is something that a flat Earth can't account for. If the Earth were flat, these five phenomena would be very different, and yet they are so simple to verify that any flat Earth believer cannot possibly doubt their veracity. Whether it changes anyone's mind is up for debate, but without resorting to space, circumnavigation, or any advanced scientific experiments, you can experience a whole handful of phenomena that a flat Earth can't account for. With a flat Earth, we'd only get lunar eclipses at midnight, everywhere would have the same seasons, every location would see the same stars, all high mountain peaks would be visible from one another, and every place on your "side" of the Earth would see sunrise and sunset at the same time. Since these are false, so is the flat Earth. If this helps even one person challenge their belief that the Earth is flat, it's a remarkable win for knowledge. But don't bet on it. Like the old saying goes, you can't reason someone out of a position they didn't reason themselves into. Does the Bible prove that the Earth is round and not flat? Despite the many images of the Earth we have from space, theories about the Earth being flat continue to arise. By searching the Scriptures, you will not find proof that the Earth is round. Language in Scripture reflects the ancient Near East writers’ observations of the sun moving through its circuit in the sky (Ps. 19:6), of the sun rising and falling (Ps. 50:1; 113:3; Isa. 59:19; Mal. 1:11), and of the horizon being circular (Job 26:10). The role of Scripture is to reveal spiritual matters, not to argue for scientific fact. For this reason, Scripture does not mention many scientific discoveries. The Bible is for making us wise toward salvation to carry out the work of the gospel (2 Tim. 3:14–17). Believers must be people of truth (Prov. 12:19; Eph. 4:25); lying is a characteristic of those outside of Christ (1 Tim. 1:10; Titus 1:12; Rev. 21:8). As people of truth, in humility, we should tell people who debate over the spherical shape of the Earth that such an argument is unnecessary, for all related data points to the truth of a spherical Earth. When we encounter those who wish to argue, we should walk away and not argue with foolishness (Prov. 26:4–5). We can leave such persons to ponder the swirling of the water in their sinks and bathtubs—swirling that reverses direction when we cross the equator. https://samuel-lereah.com/articles/Physics/flat-vs-round-earth According to some UFO conspiracists, the Black Knight is an artificial satellite of extraterrestrial origin that has orbited Earth for approximately 13,000 years. However, this story is most likely a conflation of several disconnected stories about various objects and their interpretations, all of which have been well documented independently and none using the term Black Knight upon their first publication. The Black Knight's narrative is essential a recall of man previous stories, each with its own unique interpretation, all of which have been thoroughly recorded and studied by leading authorities. A photo taken during the STS-88 mission claimed by some to show the Black Knight satellite is catalogued by NASA as a photo of space debris, and space journalist James Oberg considers it as probable debris of a thermal blanket confirmed as lost during the mission. The claim that the black object is a satellite of extraterrestrial origin near Earth is false, according to NASA. The 'Black Knight' satellite: A hodgepodge of alien conspiracy theories It's a convoluted story that invokes Nikola Tesla, a spacewalker's fumble and more. Sometimes the introduction of a news report will stop you in your tracks, forcing you to reread in fear you didn't quite grasp its point the first time. That was certainly the case when Mail Online published a story on Mar. 21, 2017: "An alien satellite set up more than 12,000 years ago to spy on humans has been shot down by elite soldiers from the illuminati, UFO hunters claim." And with that, the conspiracy surrounding the so-called "Black Knight" satellite appeared to be very much alive. It's been more than 120 years, conspiracists believe, since the existence of the Black Knight was first recorded. Those who subscribe to the theory invoke an extraterrestrial spacecraft in near-polar orbit of Earth, although they draw upon pieces of evidence so disparate that it's not entirely clear why people link them. What it all amounts to is a strange brew that has spurred some folks to shout about cover-ups by NASA and other government entities. It's a legend that refuses to go away. A lot of the earliest discoveries that have been linked to the Black Knight satellite theory relate to radio signals. But a series of images from 1998 really threw the celestial cat among the pigeons. They were taken during STS-88, the first space shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS). There, for all to see, were images released by NASA that showed a black object hovering above our planet in low Earth orbit. And it wasn't long after the images were thrust in front of a hopeful public before people were performing some conspiratorial sums and sharing them with the wider world. By way of explanation, STS-88 astronaut Jerry Ross pointed out that the ISS was in the midst of being constructed when the images were taken. The U.S. team, he said, was on its way to attach the American module to the one created by the Russians and, as part of that work, they had taken four trunnion pin thermal covers with them. The task was to wrap these around four bare trunnion pins, these being rods that attached the module to the space shuttle Endeavour while it was being transported. This would act to prevent heat loss from the exposed metal. Unfortunately, during one of the spacewalks associated with this work, things went a little bit wrong: One of the covers came loose from its tether, causing it to float away along with some other items. "Jerry, one of the thermal covers got away from you," STS-88 commander Robert Cabana (who now serves as associate administrator of NASA) told Ross during the spacewalk, and it soon became apparent that the cover was lost for good. Subsequently captured on camera, this runaway black object was given the catalog number 025570 by NASA. A few days later, the item fell from orbit and burned up. Much of this information been placed on the record. Former NASA engineer James Oberg, who personally knows Ross and the person who took the photos, cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, has demonstrated that these supposed images of the Black Knight actually depict a very mundane object. "Before leaving NASA, I led the trajectory design team that produced the mission profile," Oberg told All About Space. "Every step of the way, there is consistency with what I learned as a lifelong spaceflight operations specialist: why the blankets were needed, why one of them came loose, why it floated off the way it did," he added. "The difference is, for the general public all these features are unearthly to folks who are only familiar with Earthside principles of heating, working, motion and dozens of other never-before-encountered-in-history aspects of outer space." Given Oberg's thorough debunking, you'd think the matter would have been put to bed long ago. But no. Since the images were shared far and wide, conspiracy theories have lingered. "They are probably some of the weirdest-looking 70-mm photos to ever come out of the space shuttle program," Oberg said. “And apparently a NASA website update made the original links inoperative, sparking concerns over a cover-up. All normal journalistic practices — determining the timeline, asking witnesses, searching for the wider context — were skipped." Conspiracists absorbed the STS-88 images into a growing body of "evidence," claiming they were proof that the Black Knight alien satellite really is out there. Reaching that conclusion, however, has required greats leaps of faith, and has also needed past observations to be forced into the overall story. Firm believers have had no problems going all the way back to 1899 in pursuit of such "truth," but, just like the photographic records, each piece of supposed evidence brought to the table so far has been explained just fine without falling back on the Black Knight myth. So what happened in 1899? Nikola Tesla began to record some very odd signals, seemingly from outer space. While in his barn-like laboratory in Colorado Springs that year, the genius Serbian-American inventor and electrical engineer noted some unusual radio signals and speculated they had come from an intelligent alien civilization. That's perhaps the least likely explanation, of course. Over the years, some people have speculated that Tesla may have detected emissions from a pulsar, a superdense, fast-spinning stellar corpse. But that's probably off the mark as well, scientists say. "The very first source of non-terrestrial radio waves was discovered in the 1930s, and that was from the center of our galaxy, which is the most powerful radio source in the sky at many frequencies," said Varoujan Gorjian, a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. "It wasn’t until the 1960s that the technology evolved to detect the first pulsars. If what Tesla detected was a real signal and not an artifact of his instrument, it most likely came from Earth." People continued to use Tesla's findings to bolster claims for the Black Knight. They also took on board the work of a Norwegian engineer called Jørgen Hals, who in the 1920s found that radio signals he transmitted were being echoed back to him a few seconds later. We now know these as long delayed echoes, and Hals was the first person to observe them. The fact that we don't have a confirmed explanation of their cause, however, has been seized upon: In 1973, Duncan Lunan wrote an article in Spaceflight magazine suggesting that people studying long delayed echoes had overlooked the possibility they were sent by an alien space probe. Lunan still has faith in an extraterrestrial explanation for the recordings. "The changes in the long distance echo patterns in apparent response to changes in the outgoing signals from Earth really do look like the responses of a Bracewell probe, and there is still no satisfactory natural explanation for the phenomenon," he said, referring to a hypothesized autonomous spacecraft designed to communicate with other civilizations. If the long distance echoes were deliberately produced by a probe, however, there's a problem in that they stopped in 1975. "If a probe was monitoring Earth, rather than trying to attract attention, perhaps it belatedly discovered from the 1973 to 1974 publicity that it had given away its presence in the 1920s and pulled out in 1975," Lunan said. "That's the only explanation I can see for its apparent departure." And yet, for all of that, Lunan said his research has nothing to do with the "Black Knight nonsense." If there is a link between his theory and the Black Knight, it is not one that is being made by him. The Black Knight conspiracy theory may be with us for a while yet, for there is growing public interest in unidentified flying objects (UFOs) — or, as the US military has recently rebranded them, unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP). This interest really began to surge in December 2017, when The New York Times published three videos captured by cameras aboard US Navy jets. The footage showed objects that appeared to maneuver in ways beyond the capabilities of known technology. That New York Times story also discussed the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), a previously secret US military project looking into UFOs. Politico and The Washington Post published their own pieces about AATIP around that same time, adding to the UFO momentum. AATIP officially lasted just from 2007 to 2012. But in 2020, the military announced a successor program called the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force, whose mission is "to detect, analyze and catalog UAPs that could potentially pose a threat to US national security." This is a very practical concern for military officials. For example, what if some of the mysterious objects are alarmingly advanced reconnaissance craft developed by adversary nations? So there is some real intrigue and mystery surrounding UFOs, some of which are difficult to explain. But that mystery does not extend to the Black Knight, a wayward thermal blanket that burned up in Earth's atmosphere more than two decades ago. Fermi Paradox: Where are the aliens? The Fermi Paradox seeks to answer the question of where the aliens are. Given that our solar system is quite young compared to the rest of the universe — roughly 4.5 billion years old, compared to 13.8 billion — and that interstellar travel might be fairly easy to achieve given enough time, Earth should have been visited by aliens already, the idea goes. The paradox takes its name from Nobel Prize-winning physicist Enrico Fermi, who supposedly made the above points during a casual lunchtime conversation in 1950. And the implications have had astrobiologists and other scientists scratching their heads in the decades since. "Fermi grasped that any civilization with a modest amount of rocket technology and an immodest amount of imperial incentive could rapidly colonize the entire galaxy," representatives of the Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute in Mountain View, California, wrote in a Fermi Paradox explainer. "Within a few tens of millions of years, every star system could be brought under the wing of empire. Tens of millions of years may sound like a long project, but in fact it’s quite short compared to the age of the galaxy, which is roughly a thousand times more." Fermi died in 1954, so exploration and explication of the idea fell to other people, such as Michael Hart, who wrote an article titled "An explanation for the absence of extraterrestrials on Earth" in the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) Quarterly Journal in 1975. (Some say this is the first such paper to explore the Fermi Paradox, although this claim is a bit hard to prove.) "We observe that no intelligent beings from outer space are now present on Earth," Hart wrote in the paper's abstract. "It is suggested that this fact can best be explained by the hypothesis that there are no other advanced civilizations in our galaxy." He noted, however, that more research in biochemistry, planetary formation and atmospheres was needed to better narrow down the answer. Hart argued that intelligent aliens could already have visited Earth at some point in our planet's history unless they started their journey less than two million years ago. He thought the apparent lack of such visits is most likely due to the lack of intelligent aliens. But he outlined four other potential explanations as well: Aliens never came here because of a physical difficulty "that makes space travel infeasible," which could be related to astronomy, biology or engineering. Aliens simply chose never to visit us. Advanced civilizations beyond Earth arose too recently for aliens to reach us. Aliens have visited Earth in the past, but we have not observed them. Frank Tipler, a professor of physics at Tulane University, followed up on Hart's argument in 1980 with a paper titled "Extraterrestrial intelligent beings do not exist," also published in the RAS Quarterly Journal. The bulk of his paper dealt with how to get resources for interstellar travel, which he suggested could be achieved by having some kind of self-replicating artificial intelligence move from star system to star system, creating copies of itself as it traveled. Since evidence of such advanced machinery has never been found on Earth, Tipler argued that we are likely the only intelligence out there. He also wrote in the 1980 paper that those who believe in extraterrestrial intelligence are similar to UFO (unidentified flying object) enthusiasts because both camps believe "we are going to be saved from ourselves by some miraculous interstellar intervention." Today, the topic of extraterrestrial intelligence is a popular one, with multiple papers appearing every year from different research groups. And the idea that advanced civilizations may exist beyond Earth has been buoyed by the ongoing exoplanet revolution. The universe is incredibly vast and old. Data gathered by a variety of telescopes show that the observable universe is about 92 billion light-years wide (and growing faster and faster all the while). And separate measurements indicate it is about 13.82 billion years old. So alien civilizations have had plenty of time to arise and spread — but they also likely must cross a vast cosmic gulf to get to us. When Fermi made his famous remark, the only planets scientists knew about were in our own solar system. But in 1992, astronomers spotted worlds circling a superdense stellar corpse known as a pulsar. And a few years later, the first exoplanet around a sunlike star was confirmed. There are now more than 5,000 confirmed exoplanets, with more being found every year. The sheer number of alien worlds suggests that life may be plentiful throughout the cosmos. Over time, with more advanced telescopes, scientists will be able to probe the chemical compositions of some nearby exoplanets' atmospheres. "Nearby" is a relative term, however; the closest known exoplanet, Proxima b, lies about 4.2 light-years away, which is roughly 25 trillion miles (40 trillion kilometers). The eventual goal is to understand how often rocky planets form in the "habitable zone" of their parent stars, which is traditionally defined as the range of orbital distances in which water can exist on a world's surface. Habitability isn't just about water, however. Other factors must be considered as well, such as the host star's activity and the planet's atmospheric composition. (And there are other reasons why the habitable zone, as traditionally defined, is increasingly viewed as overly simplistic. For example, icy moons in our own solar system, such as Jupiter's Europa and Saturn's Enceladus, lie far beyond the habitable zone and may still harbor life in their subsurface seas.) Such caveats notwithstanding, there does seem to be plenty of habitable real estate out there. For example, a November 2013 study using data from NASA's Kepler space telescope suggested that one in five sunlike stars has a roughly Earth-size planet orbiting in the habitable zone. A few months later, Kepler scientists released a "planet bonanza" of 715 newly discovered worlds. Many of these planets were confirmed using a new technique called "verification by multiplicity," which works partly on the logic of probability. (Objects seen to cross a star's face or tug at it gravitationally are more likely to be planets rather than companion stars, because a companion star at close proximity would likely destabilize the entire system over time.) Sunlike stars are the minority population in our galaxy, however; about three-quarters of Milky Way stars are small, dim burners known as red dwarfs. Astronomers have found multiple rocky worlds circling in the habitable zone of red dwarfs — Proxima b, for example, and three planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system, which lies about 39 light-years from Earth and harbors seven rocky worlds in total. But it's unclear how habitable such planets really are, because red dwarfs are incredibly volatile, especially in their youth. Stellar eruptions may therefore quickly blast away the nascent atmospheres of young "habitable zone" red dwarf planets, making it extremely difficult for life to get a foothold there. More study is required to better understand these stars and the ability of life to persist around them, scientists say. Researchers are getting more tools with which to do such work. For example, NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) launched successfully in April 2018 and soon picked up the baton from Kepler, which was retired late that same year. The agency's highly-anticipated, $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope, which is scheduled to launch in December 2021, will hunt for potential biosignature gases in the air of nearby exoplanets, among many other tasks. The European Space Agency's PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) mission is expected to launch in 2026. Three huge ground-based observatories powerful enough to sniff exoplanet air — the Extremely Large Telescope, the Giant Magellan Telescope and the Thirty-Meter Telescope — are scheduled to come online later this decade as well. And one highly ambitious project, known as Breakthrough Starshot, aims to study Proxima b and other nearby worlds up close with swarms of tiny, laser-sailing nanoprobes. If technology development goes well, the first such interstellar robotic craft could launch around 2050. Such missions and instruments will help scientists flesh out their understanding of astrobiology, which remains relatively primitive. For instance, we don't even know if there are life-hosting worlds in our own backyard. Studies here on Earth have shown that microbes can survive in extreme environments, suggesting that microbial life may well exist on Mars, Europa, Enceladus and/or the giant Saturn satellite Titan. But we haven't explored any of those worlds nearly well enough to know for sure. The Fermi Paradox is thinking much bigger than microbes, however. To solve it, we need to know not only how commonly life evolves on alien planets, but also how often it gains the ability, and the desire, to communicate with other intelligent lifeforms or go sailing among the stars. Related: 13 ways to hunt intelligent aliens The number of intelligent, detectable alien civilizations is estimated by the Drake Equation. In the words of the SETI Institute, the equation — written as "N = R* • fp • ne • fl • fi • fc • L" — has the following variables: "N: The number of civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy whose electromagnetic emissions are detectable. R*: The rate of formation of stars suitable for the development of intelligent life (number per year). fp: The fraction of those stars with planetary systems. ne: The number of planets, per solar system, with an environment suitable for life. fl: The fraction of suitable planets on which life actually appears. fi: The fraction of life bearing planets on which intelligent life emerges. fc: The fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that produces detectable signs of their existence. L: The average length of time such civilizations produce such signs (years)." None of these values are known with any certainty right now, which makes predictions difficult. So the Fermi Paradox is fertile ground for speculation, and scientists and laypeople have advanced literally hundreds of possible explanations over the years. These ideas run a very wide gamut. For example, in 2015, scientists analyzing data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Kepler space telescope concluded that Earth was likely an early bloomer, relatively speaking. Just 8% of all the potentially habitable worlds that will ever exist in the universe were around when Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago, the researchers determined. So that's one possible explanation to the paradox: The aliens will come, but not for a while yet. Or perhaps life is too fragile to survive for long. A 2016 study suggested that the early part of a rocky planet's history can be very conducive to life, which may commonly emerge starting just 500 million years or so after the planet cools down and liquid water becomes available. The history of our own Earth would seem to bolster that conclusion; there's (disputed) evidence that life had emerged here by about 4.1 billion years ago , and it was definitely established by 3.8 billion years ago. But those good times may not last long, thanks to a runaway greenhouse effect (as occurred on Venus long ago) or other climatic shifts. "Between the early heat pulses, freezing, volatile content variation and runaway positive feedbacks, maintaining life on an initially wet rocky planet in the habitable zone may be like trying to ride a wild bull. Most life falls off," researchers Aditya Chopra and Charley Lineweaver wrote in the study, which was published in the journal Astrobiology. "Life may be rare in the universe, not because it is difficult to get started, but because habitable environments are difficult to maintain during the first billion years." Or maybe the bottleneck comes much later. A number of thinkers have suggested that civilizations may tend to extinguish themselves soon after becoming technologically competent. Again, Earth provides some support for this hypothesis: Humanity came alarmingly close to nuclear war during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, and we may be in the process of destroying ourselves, and much of the other life on the planet, right now via anthropogenic climate change. There are many other factors to consider as well. For example, planetary scientist Alan Stern, the leader of NASA's New Horizons mission to Pluto, recently posited that the most common life-hosting environments in the Milky Way galaxy may be buried oceans, such as the seas of Enceladus and Europa. Organisms that evolve in such locales seem unlikely to develop spacecraft; indeed, many of them may not even know there are other worlds out there to explore. Alien psychology could be playing a role as well. Maybe there are lots of advanced alien civilizations out there, for example, but most of them have no desire to communicate with us or visit Earth. Perhaps Earth and its inhabitants just aren't interesting enough for them to trifle with — and won't be until humanity demonstrates enough intelligence and merit to be welcomed into the "galactic club." Or maybe most intelligent aliens tend to keep quiet as a general rule, concerned that making contact with their cosmic neighbors could bring on their own enslavement or annihilation. A number of researchers, including the late Stephen Hawking, have invoked such possibilities in arguing that humanity shouldn't actively advertise its presence. Then there are the logistical difficulties of finding intelligent aliens. The universe is enormous and incredibly old. Humanity has been around for just 200,000 years, and we've been listening for possible radio signals from E.T. just since 1960. So the odds that we overlap in time and space with a detectable alien civilization don't seem great. There probably is no single solution to the Fermi Paradox, most researchers say. A combination of factors — including, perhaps, some of the ones discussed above — are likely responsible for the "great silence" that currently confronts us. And the nature of those factors may start coming into clearer focus relatively soon. For example, say scientists find evidence of past or present microbial life on Mars, Europa or another body in our own solar system, and that those organisms represent a "second genesis" — something totally different than life on Earth. Such a discovery would strongly suggest that it's not hard for life to get going throughout the cosmos, allowing researchers to cross one possible Fermi Paradox explanation off the lengthy list. Do modern researchers tend to accept the premise of the Fermi Paradox — that is, if intelligent life outside our planet exists, then it's likely that they would have contacted or reached Earth by now? I can't speak for everyone else, but no I do not believe in the premise. Because the Earth is the only planet where we know that life exists, we can only make guesses based on how life here has evolved. The Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Life on Earth began at least 3.5 billion years ago, since fossils of this age have been found, but simpler cells are expected to have formed earlier than that. Possibly, life on Earth started very quickly after conditions allowed for liquid water to be commonly available. On the other hand, life that had more than one cell took until about 1 billion years ago, and humans did not evolve in 0.2 billion years ago. As far as we know, humans are the only life form on the Earth that thinks about what is going on in the Universe, and could potentially communicate with other life. The first telescopes were invented about 400 years ago, and the first space probes were launched less than 100 years ago. What I take away from this is that simple life (like one celled organisms) might be easy to create, but complex life is harder, and life that tries to communicate with life elsewhere in the Universe could be extremely rare. While the technology to find and communicate with extraterrestrial life, once started, appears to develop extremely fast on the timeline of the Universe, we do not know how long modern humans will survive as a species. Is there a commonly accepted way to resolve the Fermi Paradox? I doubt there is a commonly accepted way to resolve the Fermi Paradox, other than to point to the fact that we have very little information about highly evolved intelligent life. We don't know how rare it is, how long a civilization lasts, how likely it would or would not want to communicate with us, how likely it would spread through the Galaxy, or how we would recognize and understand each other. In the absence of any real information to figure any of this out, it just seems like there are many possibilities to solve it. In evaluating the Fermi Paradox, it is important to think about the vast distances of space in the Milky Way. The time for light to travel to the nearest star is more than four years. If a rocket ship travels 20,000 miles per hour, then it would take more than 33,000 years to get there. The light travel time from the Sun to the center of our galaxy is 30,000 years. The rocket travel time is a 170 million years. It is completely unclear whether life will want to, or be able to, travel over these sorts of distances to populate the Galaxy. If it is attempted, it is not clear whether there are suitable places for it to land and thrive. Spreading life throughout the galaxy might be much more difficult than Fermi supposed. Do researchers studying exoplanets, particularly potentially habitable ones, usually consider the Fermi Paradox? Modern researchers looking for potentially habitable planets usually use the Seager Equation when they are thinking about the likelihood of finding life. This is an update of the Drake Equation which was a summary of what people were looking for in 1961. Note that one of the key differences is that the Seager Equation asks how many planets we can find with life that transformed the atmosphere (for example by photosynthesis), while the Drake Equation calculates the number of civilizations that are sending out detectable radio waves. In the 20th century, the SETI program looked for these civilizations and found no signals of such civilizations. So you can see that the conversation has changed to the search for life that is not necessarily intelligent — something that the Earth's history would tell us is much more likely to find. I occasionally teach an Exoplanets and Life class, and the textbook I use does not talk about the Fermi Paradox. My expectation is that most researchers are not currently thinking about it. The current search is for exoplanets, habitable exoplanets with liquid water, and signs of life that is not necessarily intelligent. What are some ways current research might eventually resolve the Fermi Paradox? As we learn more about exoplanets, it becomes more possible to make statistical statements about the likelihood of life, and the possibility for it to spread. The basis of the paradox lies in the idea that there are hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way, and with so many there must be other intelligent life on one of them. But we don't really have a way to assess whether that is true. In six tons of sand, there are hundreds of billions of grains of sand. So, it might seems reasonable to think that there must be at least one of them that is made of uranium. But we don't look for uranium on the beach because if it was there, it would be dissolved in the water and wash away. Just having a large number of objects doesn't mean that every possibility for what those objects are must therefore exist. Current experiments are teaching us how many exoplanets there are, what the conditions are on those planets, how common it is for exoplanets to have surface temperatures that allow for liquid water, and possibly how many exoplanets exhibit atmospheric abundances that favor the existence of life. We are working towards actually finding other life of any kind that is on another planet. This information would give us some basis for then extrapolating to the probability that technological civilizations form elsewhere, and would tell us how far they might have to travel to find the nearest habitable planet where they could establish a colony. Ultimate Field Guide 82 Extraterrestrial Species Iceberg Explained Alleged Alien Races https://rumble.com/v2lb5b8-ultimate-field-guide-82-extraterrestrial-species-iceberg-explained-alleged-.html In the story of the abduction and encounters with alien beings or humanoids in the history of ufology, there are, as reported by the various reports of the various police and military who are interested in the subject, lists of different types of beings who should represent various civilizations do not belong to the human, who were either vengoino still in touch with people on our planet. Taboo Conspiracy Of Nature's True Flat Earth Real Time 40 Schemes From N.A.S.A. https://rumble.com/v2dm0zi-taboo-conspiracy-of-natures-true-flat-earth-real-time-40-schemes-from-n.a.s.html Taboo Conspiracy and Other Video's Removed by ? Those channels have since been silenced by ? the other censor's and Nazis at Alphabet. lot's of people have provides time and time again, the very best proofs of our flat world, tests and experiments that completely debunk the heliocentric fantasy, and is also personally responsible for exposing the fakery in every supposed 24/7 sun in Antarctica video. He has certainly opened hundreds of thousands of people’s eyes to our false reality and for that, I’m proud to share his work here at new world order year zero. Flat Earth 21 Questions And Answers Proving Stranger's Guide And Course Flat Earth https://rumble.com/v2u3emu-flat-earth-21-questions-and-answers-proving-strangers-guide-and-course-flat.html Proving Stranger's Guide And Course Flat Earth A comprehensive beginners course that thoroughly explains the answers to 21 of the most frequently asked questions about flat earth. Journey through the list from beginning to end while all the "loose ends" are tied up by the time it's over. Share with you friends, family and loved ones. The #earth is most definitely #flat and it is important for us to understand. Stanley Kubrick Fake Apollo 11 Moon Landing Was A Hoax By The U.S.A. Government https://rumble.com/v2s6afk-stanley-kubrick-fake-apollo-11-moon-landing-was-a-hoax-by-the-u.s.a.-govern.html NASA faked the historic Apollo 11 Moon landing footage with the help of Hollywood veteran director Stanley Kubrick, book author and filmmaker Jay Weidner has shockingly claimed. When NASA astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the Moon on April 20, 1969, more than 500 million watched around the globe with bated breath. But the monumental moment in the history of mankind is often overshadowed by conspiracy theories claiming the Moon landing was faked. As the 50th anniversary of the Moon landing approaches, the number of conspiracist questioning NASA’s official version of events is on the rise. Mr Weidner, who directed the documentary Kubrick's Odyssey, has astonishingly claimed footage of the Apollo 11 landing was directed by Mr Kubrick. However, even more surprisingly, the filmmaker said NASA did go to the Moon – but the footage broadcast around the world was a hoax. NASA Admits Fake International Space Station A Global World Wide Satellite Hoax https://rumble.com/v3dm5uj-nasa-admits-fake-international-space-station-a-global-world-wide-satellite-.html NASA Admits Its All Fake National Aeronautics and Space Administration On July 29, 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act into law, establishing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a civilian agency responsible for coordinating America's activities in space. The agency absorbed the earlier National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which was a U.S. federal agency founded on March 3, 1915, to undertake, promote, and institutionalize aeronautical research. NASA has since sponsored space expeditions, both human and mechanical, that have yielded vital information about the solar system and universe. During the 1960s, NASA started its space science and interplanetary probe program, with the Mariner program being its flagship program, launching probes to Venus, Mars, and Mercury in the 1960s. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory was the lead NASA center for robotic interplanetary exploration, making significant discoveries about the inner planets. Flat Earth Vs. Round Earth 8 Ways Life Would Get Weird On A Flat Earth Conspiracy https://rumble.com/v2pu5k6-flat-earth-vs.-round-earth-8-ways-life-would-get-weird-on-a-flat-earth-cons.html Flat-earthers believe one of the most curious conspiracy theories on the internet. Here's a look at what they believe and why. Of all the conspiracy theories that litter the Internet, the flat Earth conspiracy is quite possibly the most curious. After all, the ancient Greeks figured out the planet's shape (and even its circumference) in the third century B.C. But a fringe society founded in the 1950s, dedicated to insisting that the Earth is flat, has given rise to a modern ground of flat Earth adherents. These believers claim that the Earth is a flat disc, and that evidence that it is round — say, pictures taken from space — are an elaborate hoax involving multiple governments. Opinions differ on exactly how the flat Earth works, with believers concocting elaborate versions of physics and creative interpretations of the solar system to make their theories work. Proofs Earth Is Not A Spinning Ball What The Hell Happened 200 Times Collection https://rumble.com/v2u2d94-proofs-earth-is-not-a-spinning-ball-what-the-hell-happened-200-times-collec.html Proofs Earth Is Not A Spinning Ball When a photo of spherical Earth is pointed out to flat-earthers, they will dismiss it as CGI in the blink of an eye; even if they haven’t done any analysis at all. They do this because their belief in flat-Earth is not evidence-based, and any evidence contrary to their beliefs needs to be invalidated no matter how. They are so used to doing it, and sometimes they become confused by it themselves, to the point that they would take the slightest hint of digital manipulation of any picture of the Earth as evidence of the flat Earth. Flat Earth 101 Channel - Episode 14 - Eclipse Of Fantasy - (Gerhana Fantasi) https://rumble.com/v2bq47m-flat-earth-101-channel-episode-14-eclipse-of-fantasy-gerhana-fantasi-w0w.html This is the number 1 question? - Flat Earthers hear, why would anyone go through this elaborate hoax? - The powers that be want to hide the truth of our existence at all costs as they do not want to have anyone/anything else in higher power than themselves. The majority of people believe they are descendants. NASA Admits Faking Space Part 1 The Space Program Is Faked Yes It's A Conspiracy https://rumble.com/v3dqlbc-nasa-admits-faking-space-part-1-the-space-program-is-faked-yes-its-a-conspi.html NASA Admits Faking Space Part 1 The Space Program and shows provable deception in the space program. NASA is a corrupt government organization. It gets worse. NASA was started to create the illusion of going into so-called (non-existent) "outer space". The truth is that no one or nothing has ever been to the fantasy known as "outer space". NASA Admits Faking Space Part 2 Bonus Proof Stephen Hawking Is A Fraud Conspiracy https://rumble.com/v3dssxw-nasa-admits-faking-space-part-2-bonus-proof-stephen-hawking-is-a-fraud-cons.html NASA Admits Faking Space Part 2 The Space Program and shows provable deception in the space program. NASA is a corrupt government organization. It gets worse. NASA was started to create the illusion of going into so-called (non-existent) "outer space". The truth is that no one or nothing has ever been to the fantasy known as "outer space". After Atomic World War 3 Is Over Creation Of The Humanoids AI Robots Futura Lives https://rumble.com/v2im0dw-after-atomic-world-war-3-is-over-creation-of-the-humanoids-ai-robots-futura.html What would happen to planet earth if the human race were to suddenly disappear forever? Would ecosystems thrive? What remnants of our industrialized world would survive? What would crumble fastest? Life After People is a television series on which scientists, structural engineers, and other experts speculate about what might become of Earth should humanity instantly disappear. If anything, the world is consistent; no one in any country has a clue how to rebuild the castles found in their own countries. Real Timeline Of Deception Part 0 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Exploring Tartaria - Old World Secrets Revealed https://rumble.com/v2u8ef4-real-timeline-of-deception-part-0-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 1 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Timeline Deception - Part I - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ua8sa-real-timeline-of-deception-part-1-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 2 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Timeline Deception - Part II - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ubf4w-real-timeline-of-deception-part-2-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 3 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The King of Tartaria - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ueih6-real-timeline-of-deception-part-3-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 4 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Saints - Relics, Reliquaries, & The First Resurrection https://rumble.com/v2ugl92-real-timeline-of-deception-part-4-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 5 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Saints - The Ruling Class - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2uij7w-real-timeline-of-deception-part-5-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 6 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years From Atheism, Agnosticism, New Age, Protestantism, to Roman Catholicism https://rumble.com/v2ujvr6-real-timeline-of-deception-part-6-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 7 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Millennial Kingdom of God - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2uldss-real-timeline-of-deception-part-7-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 8 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Magic of the White City 1893 Chicago World's Fair https://rumble.com/v2un20g-real-timeline-of-deception-part-8-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 9 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years 1000 Years Added To Our History & Dark Ages Never Existed https://rumble.com/v2uo07i-real-timeline-of-deception-part-9-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 10 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Church History - Complete Documentary AD 33 to Present https://rumble.com/v2uprfu-real-timeline-of-deception-part-10-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 11 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Christmas Unveiled - Pied Piper - Templars Secret - Saturn's Workshop - Giants Stealing Children https://rumble.com/v2urmd0-real-timeline-of-deception-part-11-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 12 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Ancient Cloning Factories - Foundlings - Incubators - Test-Tube Babies https://rumble.com/v2uu8ck-real-timeline-of-deception-part-12-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 13 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Homunculus Unveiled - Jesus - Artificial Generation - Liber Vaccae - Lost Esoteric Secrets https://rumble.com/v2uwmvc-real-timeline-of-deception-part-13-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Archaix Chronology Anunnaki Sumerian Gods Crystalinks Timelines 2040B.C. 2046A.D. https://rumble.com/v2v0zks-archaix-chronology-anunnaki-sumerian-gods-crystalinks-timelines-2040b.c.-20.html Archaix 2.0 Doomsday Chronology Five color charts with extensive Legend-chronology; exhibits 62 dates involving 300 events in linear timeline combining the Phoenix and Nemesis X Object appearances, the Mayan Long-Count baktuns and the Anunnaki NER 600 year periods, a history spanning over 74 centuries to May 2040 and November 2046. https://rumble.com/v2b2zqq-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-14-all-13-parts-together-woeh.html The Lost History of Earth (Ewaranon) W0W - A Must See Video Lost Earth Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. https://rumble.com/v28b4q6-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-8-history-of-a-lost-earth-all-7-parts-together-l.html The Secret Life of Symbols with Jordan Maxwell Knowledge of the Heavens, Life on Earth https://rumble.com/v28wyns-the-secret-life-of-symbols-with-jordan-maxwell-knowledge-of-the-heavens-lif.html Ancient Religions From Alpha To Stone Age To Omega To Modern Times To Infinity https://rumble.com/v2wigv2-ancient-religions-from-alpha-to-stone-age-to-omega-to-modern-times-to-infin.html This 11.5 Hrs. Full Documentary With Sound Is About Ancient Religions From Alpha To Stone Age To Omega To Modern Times To Infinity. Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally.

This Is A Very Rare And Top Secrets Real Video From M.I.R. Space Station of the North Pole Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio - Magnetic Stone The Rupes Nigra ("Black Rock") 1595 First Edition Mercator Map of the Arctic (1st Map of the North Pole) Hello my friends. this is an ancient map of the north pole. The North Pole as a magnetic mountain goes back at least to Roman times. the North Pole as a magnetic mountain surrounded by a circular continent divided by four powerful rivers from maps Martin Behaim's 1492 globe shows, at the arctic pole there is a high magnetic rock, thirty-three German miles in circumference. A surging sea surrounds this rock, as if the water were discharged downward from a vase through an opening. Around it are islands, two of which are inhabited." Mercator's map from 1595 showing the Arctic continent, with the "Rupes nigra et altissima" ('black and highest rock') at its centre. The Rock is the site of the North Pole, captioned as the POLVS ARCTICVS. Gerardus Mercator's world map of 1569 reflects his reading of Cnoyen's Itinerarium. It also features a marginal note alluding to the Franciscan's "discovery", "we have taken [the Arctic geography] from the Itinerium of Jacobus Cnoyen of the Hague, who makes some citations from the Gesta of Arthur of Britain; however, the greater and most important part he learned from a certain priest at the court of the king of Norway in 1364. He was descended in the fifth generation from those whom Arthur had sent to inhabit these lands, and he related that in the year 1360 a certain Minorite, an Englishman from Oxford, a mathematician, went to those islands; leaving them, advanced still farther by magic arts and mapped out all and measured them by an astrolabe in practically the subjoined figure, as we have learned from Jacobus.The four canals there pictured he said flow with such current to the inner whirlpool, that if vessels once enter they cannot be driven back by wind." The Arctic map inset on Mercator's 1569 world map was the prototype for the influential and widely circulated Septentrionalium Terrarum of 1595, posthumously published by his son, and the maps in Ortelius's Theatrum Orbis Terrarum of 1570. Both show the same configuration of the arctic regions as the 1569 map. In his letter to Dee, Mercator further quotes Cnoyen's description of the Northern regions: "...In the midst of the four countries is a Whirlpool into which there empty these four Indrawing Seas which divides the North. And the water rushes round and descends into the earth just as if one were pouring it through a filter funnel. It is 4 degrees wide on every side of the Pole, that is to say eight degrees altogether. Except that right under the Pole there lies a bare rock in the midst of the Sea. Its circumference is almost 33 French miles, and it is all of magnetic stone. And is as high as the clouds, so the Priest said, who had received the astrolabe from this Minorite in exchange for a Testament. And the Minorite himself had heard that one can see all round it from the Sea, and that it is black and glistening. And nothing grows thereon, for there is not so much as a handful of soil on it." More interesting to modern researchers are the people the friar encountered, "pygmies" who may well be identical with the Skrælings referred to in old Norse texts about Greenland, predecessors of the modern Inuit. The John Day letter In 1956 a letter referring to the existence of the book was found in the Archivo General de Simancas (Spain) from the English merchant John Day to "The Most Magnificent And Most Worthy Lord - The Lord Grand Admiral" (presumably Christopher Columbus). written in either December 1497 or January 1498, John Day says, "Your Lordship's servant brought me your letter. I have seen its contents and I would be most desirous and most happy to serve you. I do not find the book Inventio Fortunata, and I thought that I (or he) was bringing it with my things, and I am very sorry not [to] find it because I wanted very much to serve you. I am sending the other book of Marco Polo and a copy of the land which has been found [by John Cabot]… The Rupes Nigra ("Black Rock"), a phantom island, is believed to be a 33-mile-wide black rock (Mercator actually describes the rock's circumference as 33 "French" miles) located at the Magnetic North Pole or at the North Pole itself.It purportedly explains why all compasses point to this location.comes from a lost work titled Inventio Fortunata, and the island features on maps from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including those of Gerardus Mercator and his successors.Mercator describes the island in a 1577 letter to John Dee: In the midst of the four countries is a Whirl-pool, into which there are empty these four indrawing Seas which divide the North. And the water rushes round and descends into the Earth just as if one were pouring it through a filter funnel. It is four degrees wide on every side of the Pole, that is to say eight degrees altogether. Except that right under the Pole there lies a bare Rock in the midst of the Sea. Its circumference is almost 33 French miles, and it is all of magnetic Stone [Jacobus Cnoyen] years ago. Gerard Mercator (March 5, 1512 - December 2, 1594) is a seminal figure in the history of cartography. Mercator was born near Antwerp as Gerard de Cremere in Rupelmonde. He studied Latin, mathematics, and religion in Rupelmonde before his Uncle, Gisbert, a priest, arranged for him to be sent to Hertogenbosch to study under the Brothers of the Common Life. There he was taught by the celebrated Dutch humanist Georgius Macropedius (Joris van Lanckvelt; April 1487 - July 1558). It was there that he changed him name, adapting the Latin term for 'Merchant', that is 'Mercator'. He went on to study at the University of Louvain. After some time, he left Louvain to travel extensively, but returned in 1534 to study mathematics under Gemma Frisius (1508 - 1555). He produced his first world map in 1538 - notable as being the first to represent North America stretching from the Arctic to the southern polar regions. This impressive work earned him the patronage of the Emperor Charles V, for whom along with Van der Heyden and Gemma Frisius, he constructed a terrestrial globe. He then produced an important 1541 globe - the first to offer rhumb lines. Despite growing fame and imperial patronage, Mercator was accused of heresy and in 1552. His accusations were partially due to his Protestant faith, and partly due to his travels, which aroused suspicion. After being released from prison with the support of the University of Louvain, he resumed his cartographic work. It was during this period that he became a close fried to English polymath John Dee (1527 - 1609), who arrived in Louvain in 1548, and with whom Mercator maintained a lifelong correspondence. In 1552, Mercator set himself up as a cartographer in Duisburg and began work on his revised edition of Ptolemy'sGeographia. He also taught mathematics in Duisburg from 1559 to 1562. In 1564, he became the Court Cosmographer to Duke Wilhelm of Cleve. During this period, he began to perfect the novel projection for which he is best remembered. The 'Mercator Projection' was first used in 1569 for a massive world map on 18 sheets. On May 5, 1590 Mercator had a stroke which left him paralyzed on his left side. He slowly recovered but suffered frustration at his inability to continue making maps. By 1592, he recovered enough that he was able to work again but by that time he was losing his vision. He had a second stroke near the end of 1593, after which he briefly lost speech. He recovered some power of speech before a third stroke marked his end. Following Mercator's death his descendants, particularly his youngest son Rumold (1541 - December 31, 1599) completed many of his maps and in 1595, published hisAtlas. Nonetheless, lacking their father's drive and genius, the firm but languished under heavy competition from Abraham Ortelius. It was not until Mercator's plates were purchased and republished (Mercator / Hondius) by Henricus Hondius II (1597 - 1651) and Jan Jansson (1588 - 1664) that his position as the preeminent cartographer of the age was re-established. Jodocus Hondius (October, 14 1563 - February 12, 1612) was an important Dutch cartographer active in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. His common name, Jodocus Hondius is actually a Latinized version of his Dutch name, Joost de Hondt. He is also sometimes referred to as Jodocus Hondius the Elder to distinguish him from his sons. Hondius was a Flemish artist, engraver, and cartographer. He is best known for his early maps of the New World and Europe, for re-establishing the reputation of the work of Gerard Mercator, and for his portraits of Francis Drake. Hondius was born and raised in Ghent. In his early years he established himself as an engraver, instrument maker and globe maker. In 1584 he moved to London to escape religious difficulties in Flanders. During his stay in England, Hondius was instrumental in publicizing the work of Francis Drake, who had made a circumnavigation of the world in the late 1570s. In particular, in 1589 Hondius produced a now famous map of the cove of New Albion, where Drake briefly established a settlement on the west coast of North America. Hondius' map was based on journal and eyewitness accounts of the trip and has long fueled speculation about the precise location of Drake's landing, which has not yet been firmly established by historians. Hondius is also thought to be the artist of several well-known portraits of Drake that are now in the National Portrait Gallery in London. In 1593, Hondius returned to Amsterdam, where he remained until the end of his life. In 1604, he purchased the plates of Gerard Mercator'sAtlasfrom Mercator's grandson. Mercator's work had languished in comparison to the rival atlas,Theatrum Orbis Terrarumby Ortelius. Hondius republished Mercator's work with 36 additional maps, including several which he himself produced. Despite the addition of his own contributions, Hondius recognizing the prestige of Mercator's name, gave Mercator full credit as the author of the work, listing himself as the publisher. Hondius' new edition of Mercator revived the great cartographer's reputation and was a great success, selling out after a year. Hondius later published a second edition, as well as a pocket version called theAtlas Minor. The maps have since become known as the "Mercator/Hondius series". Between 1605 and 1610 Hondius was employed by John Speed to engrave the plates for Speed'sThe Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine. Following Hondius' death in 1612, his publishing work in Amsterdam was continued by his widow and two sons, Jodocus II and Henricus. Later his family formed a partnership with Jan Jansson, whose name appears on theAtlasas co-publisher after 1633. Eventually, starting with the first 1606 edition in Latin, about 50 editions of the Atlas were released in the main European languages. In the Islamic world, the atlas was partially translated by the Turkish scholar Katip Çelebi. The series is sometimes called the 'Mercator/Hondius/Jansson' series because of Jansson's later contributions. Hondius' is also credited with a number of important cartographic innovations including the introduction of decorative map borders and contributions to the evolution of 17th century Dutch wall maps. The work of Hondius was essential to the establishment Amsterdam as the center of cartography in Europe in the 17th century. This is the first edition, first state of Gerard Mercator's seminal 1595 map of the Arctic, the great cartographer's most interesting and important atlas map. In this first edition, it is the scarcest of Mercator's atlas maps and a holy grail for any Arctic collector. For all its flaws and inaccuracies, it is a schematized interpretation of factual voyages between Norway, England, Iceland, Greenland, and Labrador (Markland). Context of this Polar Projection Mercator's Arctic projection has its roots in a magnificent 1569 wall map of the world in which Mercator first introduces his revolutionary projection. The difficulty with the Mercator Projection is that it dramatically inflates the appearance of size it draws near to the poles: its application to the polar regions themselves would result in an infinitely tall map. Mercator therefore included a polar projection, very similar to the map shown here, in the lower-left corner of his wall map. Mercator produced the present map, expanded and updated from his wall map, for inclusion in the first edition of hisAtlas, published posthumously in 1595. As such, it is the first specific separate map of the Arctic. At the North Pole, Mercator depicts a large black rock, theRupes Nigra, surrounded by a great whirlpool fed by four powerful rivers - 'the Indrawing Seas'. These divide a massive continent-sized landmass into four distinct islands. When the English polymath John Dee wrote to Mercator asking about his sources for this map, Mercator returned the following letter which survives in his own hand (April 20, 1577, British Library): In the midst of the four countries is a Whirl-pool, into which there empty these four indrawing Seas which divide the North. And the water rushes round and descends into the Earth just as if one were pouring it through a filter funnel. It is four degrees wide on every side of the Pole, that is to say eight degrees altogether. Except that right under the Pole there lies a bare Rock in the midst of the Sea. Its circumference is almost 33 French miles, and it is all of magnetic Stone (…) This is word for word everything that I copied out of this author years ago. The author to which Mercator referred is the Dutch traveler Jacobus Cnoyen van Tsertoghenbosche, whose report combined firsthand encounters with interpretations of an enigmatic lost work, theInventio Fortunata(Fortunate Discoveries). This 14th century work, now largely forgotten, was a well-known resource for cartographers of the 15th and 16th centuries. The mysterious author may have been Nicholas of Lynn, Thomas Kingsbury, or Hugh of Ireland. The work told of a Minorite monk from Oxford who traveled extensively in northern lands, including Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and possibly even Labrador. TheInventioalso cited far older lost works, thePrincipio Gestorum Arturiand the Leges Anglorum Londoniis Collectae, which contributed a chapter to the legend of King Arthur, casting him as a 6th century Arctic explorer, and describing Arthurian conquests of Iceland, Greenland, the Faeroes, parts of Norway, and even the North Pole. King Arthur - Arctic Explorer TheInventiodescribed Arthur's invading Arctic army as consisting of some 4000 men on 12 ships. He sent the army into one of these 'indrawing seas', apparently the only way to bypass the 'Encircling Arctic Mountains'. According to John Dee, in Arthur's time there were cities lying beyond those mountains. Perhaps unsurprisingly, no further report of this momentous invasion appears in Arthurian record. In the fourteenth century, at the court of King Håkan Magnusson (1340 - 1380) in Norway, Cnoyen met and interviewed eight travelers from northern regions. One, a priest, even carried an astrolabe. Historian E. G. Taylor ('A letter dated 1577 from Mercator to John Dee.'Imago Mundi13:56–68) believed Cnoyen's voyagers were Norse settlers from 'Greenland, or even . . . a group from Markland (Labrador).' The combination of concrete voyager's reports with the tantalizing, remote voyages of a legendary king helped cement Mercator's formulation of the Arctic as he presented here. The Magnetic North The black rock at the pole, theRupes Nigra, also came to Mercator from Cnoyen, who reported that it was made of magnetic stone (an explanation the wonders of the compass). Mercator, however, did not ascribe toRupes Negrathe magnetic properties claimed by Cnoyen. Instead, Mercator placed a different magnetic rock to the north of the Strait of Anian, and it was this that he identified as the magnetic pole: an attempt to explain the correct observation that the geographic pole and the magnetic pole were not the same. Perilous Waters The placement, both by medieval scholars and Mercator, of violent currents and whirlpools in the northern waters was neither isolated nor fanciful. The Lofoten Maelstrom on the coast of Norway inspired many early legends, for example. The explorers John Davis and Martin Frobisher both believed the strong currents that they encountered corresponded to Mercator's polar rivers and their descriptions reflected such: This place seemeth to have a marvellous great indrafte, and draweth in to it most of the drift ice and other things which doe flote in the sea (George Best - Martin Frobisher's Lieutenant) which inlet or gulfe this afternoone and in the night we passed over: where to our great admiration we saw the sea falling down into the gulfe with a mighty overfal and roaring, and with divers circular motions like whirle-pooles. (James Davis) It is hard to know exactly what these navigators witnessed, but there can be no doubt that Arctic currents in Davis's Strait are powerful and erratic. Mercator wasnotin doubt: at the southern opening of Davis Strait, he noted in English,'a furious over fall.' Indigenous Peoples Throughout the map are references to remote Indigenous populations. These include the Samoyed people of Siberia (described here as cannibals), and theZolotaya Babaor 'Golden Woman,' an idol worshipped by indigenes on the Ob River. This probably derives from Sigismund von Herberstein's (1486 - 1566) 1557 map of Muscovy which included the idol. Ir is very likely that Herberstein's book informed Mercator's geography for Siberia, as did the small map of Maciej Miechowita (1457 - 1523). Further north, the Latin text on the island north of Norway notes 'Here live pygmies, at most 4 feet tall, who are like those in Greenland called Scraelings.' This may derive again from Cnoyen, but from his report of Norse travelers: the name 'Scraeling,' referring to the Inuit of Greenland, was a Viking term. It also appeared in the Sagas referring to abortive Viking efforts to colonize Vinland. Placing the Inuit on that particular Arctic island, neighboring Greenland, would be a reasonable assumption; after all, Mercator notes the presence of Scraelings in Greenland as well. Zeno anf Frisland The difficulty Mercator confronted in presenting a map of such remote regions is not just that the sources available to him were few, but that they could not be confirmed - resulting in the perpetuation of geographical information that was arguably concocted deceptively. Hence, his inclusion of the imaginary island of Frisland, which appears between Greenland and Iceland. Mercator's delineation of this region is drawn from the 1558 map of Nicolo Zeno the younger, informed by the purported explorations of his ancestors Nicolo and Antonio Zeno. The brothers Zeno allegedly explored the coasts of Greenland and Labrador in the 14th century, and as such were held forth as a Venetian discovery of America. Modern historical consensus has been that Nicolo the Younger's map was a hoax, with a minority of dissenters considering it a confused re-telling of a legitimate voyage. Some archival evidence places the Zeno brothers in Venice at the time they were supposedly at sea; it is possible that they never voyaged at all. Nevertheless, in the 16th century Zeno's map was accepted as legitimate. Warts and all, it represented the first attempt at mapping the remote north Atlantic, and so its many phantom islands - notably Frisland - would be included on the maps of Mercator and other cartographers well into the 17th century. Mercator thought Frisland important enough that he assigned one of three detail maps to it: the other two roundels portray the Shetland Islands and the Faroe Islands, respectively. (Iceland was afforded a full map to itself, so it is no outrage that it was not shown in greater detail here.) Drawing on Thevet and Cartier Mercator's mapping of North America is unique among his works. It features the 'Lago de Conibaz', a large lake with a central island and a river emptying far to the west into a great bay north of the Strait of Anian. The land directly south of the bay is named 'Bergi Regio,' while that to the north bears an astonishing Latin text reading (in translation), 'California region, known only to the Spanish.' This system bears no similarity to any other Mercator map of which we are aware. Mercator's 1569 world map obscured this whole area under a cartouche; its Arctic inset lacks Conibaz and its attached bay. Likewise, neither his 1595America sive India Novanor his son Rumold's 1587 world map include them. In all of these other maps, the whole region north ofAnian Regnumwas collectively referred to asBergi regio, and the California reference appearing here is repeated nowhere else. Lake Conibas, the attached bay and its rivers first appeared on the 1575 André Thevet map of America. (The system also appears, in slightly different form, on the 1593 De JodeAmericae Pars Borealis.) To include it here, Mercator bisected his 'Bergi regio,' moving that placename to the south. In doing so, he created a new peninsula north of the Arctic Circle, and it is this to which he applied the California text. (It appears unlikely that even the Spanish knew about this region, since it was probably entirely the creation of Mercator.) On the other hand, Conibaz and its attendant rivers represent an important passage of explorers' information to Mercator. Thevet is known to have met with Jacques Cartier (1491 - 1557), who explored the Saint Lawrence River and interacted with the Iroquoians. The term Conibaz may relate to 'Cornibotz' (Wampum shells). Cartier's report via Thevet appears to have been informed by his conversations with the Iroquois, and this reflects factual indigenous reports of the North American interior. Conibaz has been associated by some scholars with Great Salt Lake, Lake Ontario, or even the Great Lakes in general. Thus Mercator, and other cartographers had general knowledge of great inland lakes of North America long before Europeans actually encountered them. Still, Mercator's application of the term 'California' to a region north of the Arctic circle is baffling. The 1595Americauses the word only to refer to the tip of the Baja Peninsula; it does not appear prominently in his 1569 world map. (Ortelius's 1570 America would apply the name to the tip of Baja; his edited 1587 America used the term for the entire peninsula.) No other map of which we are aware uses the term as it appears here. The 1593 De Jode, although it includes Thevet's bay and Lake Conibaz, more appropriately places California to the south. It may be that Mercator was simply referring to the whole of Spain's discoveries on the West Coast as 'California,' and including the Arctic regions among them, but why then did he not do so in any other map? Revelations in Central Asia Opposite the American side of the Strait of Anian, is the Asian land of Gog, which appears bound in a tight ring of mountains. Gog and Magog, Biblical nations from the Book of Revelations, were associated by many Europeans with the Tartars. It was believed that Alexander the Great walled off the Kingdom of Gog and Magog behind a mountain range. Many early maps, following up on this legend as well as references from the journals of Marco Polo, place either Gog or Magog in the northeastern extreme of Asia behind an impenetrable mountain range. Publication History and Census This first state of Mercator's Arctic map was introduced in the 1595 first edition of Mercator'sAtlas sive cosmographicae…It bears the elder Mercator's imprint, and is attributed to him. (We note that the composition of this map, with its circular cartouche and insets, and acanthus borders, is reminiscent of the 1595America sive India Nova, which was engraved by Mercator's grandson Michael.) Jodocus Hondius, having acquired theAtlasin 1606, significantly altered and updated the plate. Examples of the Mercator/ Hondius second plate remained in the atlas until 1634, and various editions of that version of the map appear on the market from time to time. This 1595 first state is virtually unobtainable. CARTOGRAPHERS Gerard Mercator (March 5, 1512 - December 2, 1594) is a seminal figure in the history of cartography. Mercator was born near Antwerp as Gerard de Cremere in Rupelmonde. He studied Latin, mathematics, and religion in Rupelmonde before his Uncle, Gisbert, a priest, arranged for him to be sent to Hertogenbosch to study under the Brothers of the Common Life. There he was taught by the celebrated Dutch humanist Georgius Macropedius (Joris van Lanckvelt; April 1487 - July 1558). It was there that he changed him name, adapting the Latin term for 'Merchant', that is 'Mercator'. He went on to study at the University of Louvain. After some time, he left Louvain to travel extensively, but returned in 1534 to study mathematics under Gemma Frisius (1508 - 1555). He produced his first world map in 1538 - notable as being the first to represent North America stretching from the Arctic to the southern polar regions. This impressive work earned him the patronage of the Emperor Charles V, for whom along with Van der Heyden and Gemma Frisius, he constructed a terrestrial globe. He then produced an important 1541 globe - the first to offer rhumb lines. Despite growing fame and imperial patronage, Mercator was accused of heresy and in 1552. His accusations were partially due to his Protestant faith, and partly due to his travels, which aroused suspicion. After being released from prison with the support of the University of Louvain, he resumed his cartographic work. It was during this period that he became a close fried to English polymath John Dee (1527 - 1609), who arrived in Louvain in 1548, and with whom Mercator maintained a lifelong correspondence. In 1552, Mercator set himself up as a cartographer in Duisburg and began work on his revised edition of Ptolemy'sGeographia. He also taught mathematics in Duisburg from 1559 to 1562. In 1564, he became the Court Cosmographer to Duke Wilhelm of Cleve. During this period, he began to perfect the novel projection for which he is best remembered. The 'Mercator Projection' was first used in 1569 for a massive world map on 18 sheets. On May 5, 1590 Mercator had a stroke which left him paralyzed on his left side. He slowly recovered but suffered frustration at his inability to continue making maps. By 1592, he recovered enough that he was able to work again but by that time he was losing his vision. He had a second stroke near the end of 1593, after which he briefly lost speech. He recovered some power of speech before a third stroke marked his end. Following Mercator's death his descendants, particularly his youngest son Rumold (1541 - December 31, 1599) completed many of his maps and in 1595, published hisAtlas. Nonetheless, lacking their father's drive and genius, the firm but languished under heavy competition from Abraham Ortelius. It was not until Mercator's plates were purchased and republished (Mercator / Hondius) by Henricus Hondius II (1597 - 1651) and Jan Jansson (1588 - 1664) that his position as the preeminent cartographer of the age was re-established. Jodocus Hondius (October, 14 1563 - February 12, 1612) was an important Dutch cartographer active in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. His common name, Jodocus Hondius is actually a Latinized version of his Dutch name, Joost de Hondt. He is also sometimes referred to as Jodocus Hondius the Elder to distinguish him from his sons. Hondius was a Flemish artist, engraver, and cartographer. He is best known for his early maps of the New World and Europe, for re-establishing the reputation of the work of Gerard Mercator, and for his portraits of Francis Drake. Hondius was born and raised in Ghent. In his early years he established himself as an engraver, instrument maker and globe maker. In 1584 he moved to London to escape religious difficulties in Flanders. During his stay in England, Hondius was instrumental in publicizing the work of Francis Drake, who had made a circumnavigation of the world in the late 1570s. In particular, in 1589 Hondius produced a now famous map of the cove of New Albion, where Drake briefly established a settlement on the west coast of North America. Hondius' map was based on journal and eyewitness accounts of the trip and has long fueled speculation about the precise location of Drake's landing, which has not yet been firmly established by historians. Hondius is also thought to be the artist of several well-known portraits of Drake that are now in the National Portrait Gallery in London. In 1593, Hondius returned to Amsterdam, where he remained until the end of his life. In 1604, he purchased the plates of Gerard Mercator'sAtlasfrom Mercator's grandson. Mercator's work had languished in comparison to the rival atlas,Theatrum Orbis Terrarumby Ortelius. Hondius republished Mercator's work with 36 additional maps, including several which he himself produced. Despite the addition of his own contributions, Hondius recognizing the prestige of Mercator's name, gave Mercator full credit as the author of the work, listing himself as the publisher. Hondius' new edition of Mercator revived the great cartographer's reputation and was a great success, selling out after a year. Hondius later published a second edition, as well as a pocket version called theAtlas Minor. The maps have since become known as the "Mercator/Hondius series". Between 1605 and 1610 Hondius was employed by John Speed to engrave the plates for Speed'sThe Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine. Following Hondius' death in 1612, his publishing work in Amsterdam was continued by his widow and two sons, Jodocus II and Henricus. Later his family formed a partnership with Jan Jansson, whose name appears on theAtlasas co-publisher after 1633. Eventually, starting with the first 1606 edition in Latin, about 50 editions of the Atlas were released in the main European languages. In the Islamic world, the atlas was partially translated by the Turkish scholar Katip Çelebi. The series is sometimes called the 'Mercator/Hondius/Jansson' series because of Jansson's later contributions. Hondius' is also credited with a number of important cartographic innovations including the introduction of decorative map borders and contributions to the evolution of 17th century Dutch wall maps. The work of Hondius was essential to the establishment Amsterdam as the center of cartography in Europe in the 17th century. SOURCE Mercator, G.,Atlantis Pars Altera, (Rumold Mercator) 1595. Mercator'sAtlasis one of the most important works in the history of cartography. Although in fact Ortelius was the first to publish a proper atlas, theTeatrum Orbis Terrarum, Mercator'sAtlasthe first book to employ the termAtlasfor a collection of maps. The term is derived both from the mythical titan, Atlas, who was forced to bear the world upon his shoulders, and the Libyan king, philosopher, and astronomer of the same name that, so the legend goes, constructed the first globe. Mercator dedicated the final 25 years of his life to compile theAtlas. He published two parts during his lifetime in 1585 and 1589, but the final part published posthumously by his son Rumold Mercator, in 1595. The map plates for theAtlaswere later acquired by Jodocus Hondius who published the most complete and well known edition in 1606. It was Jodocus who popularized theAtlasand who did the most to elevate Gerard Mercator's work. The North Pole, Land of Pygmies and Giant Magnets According to Mercator, the North Pole was marked by a giant black magnetic rock. Somewhere in the 14th century, a Franciscan from Oxford, a ‘priest with an astrolabe’, writes a travelogue about his discoveries in the North Atlantic, calls it the Inventio Fortunata (‘The Discovery of Fortunata’) and in 1360 presents it to the King of England. This book has been lost since the late 15th century. However, a Jacobus Cnoyen from the city of ‘s Hertogenbosch (in present-day Netherlands) summarizes the contents of the Inventio, related to him in 1364 in Norway by another Franciscan who had met the author. Cnoyen’s own travel-book is called the Itinerarium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Rubruck This book has also been lost. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mercator_Septentrionalium_Terrarum_descriptio.jpg All this we know by the extensive quotes from the Itinerarium in a letter by the Flemish cartographer Gerhard Mercator to his friend, the English scientist, occultist and royal advisor John Dee. That letter, written in 1577 and now in the British Museum, mentions that: “In the midst of the four countries is a Whirl-pool, into which there empty these four indrawing Seas which divide the North. And the water rushes round and descends into the Earth just as if one were pouring it through a filter funnel. It is four degrees wide on every side of the Pole, that is to say eight degrees altogether. Except that right under the Pole there lies a bare Rock in the midst of the Sea. Its circumference is almost 33 French miles, and it is all of magnetic Stone (…) This is word for word everything that I copied out of this author (i.e. Cnoyen) years ago.” A giant magnetic rock, exactly at the North Pole… well, that would explain why all compasses point north, wouldn’t it? Alas, the ominous magnet (described in the letter as “black and glistening” and “high as the clouds”) is a bit too fantastic an explanation for the phenomenon of magnetism. For even back in the late 16th century, mariners often found that their compasses increasingly deviated from ‘true north’ as they approached it. But only later did the separate (and wandering) location of the magnetic poles become common knowledge. In the intervening Age of Exploration (and sometimes Fabulation), Mercator cites an author who clearly hadn’t seen the North Pole with his own eyes – nor had the author he quoted, nor in fact would anyone for centuries to come. In the meantime, the invented geography in the Inventio Fortunata that came to us via that one letter greatly influenced cartographers’ views of the Arctic region. For if no other knowledge of yet-undiscovered lands is available, there’s really not much argument against unbelievable stories. And so, the Black Cliff, the four countries and the whirlpool are evident in Martin Behaim’s globe (1492), which predates Mercator’s map. In 1956, a letter surfaced written by the English merchant John Day in 1497 or 1498 to ‘the Lord Grand Admiral’ (probably Columbus), with Day expressing regret that he hadn’t been able to find the Inventio Fortunata for him. In a marginal note on one of Johannes Ruysch’s maps (from 1508), the Dutch cartographer even mentions that two of the continents surrounding the North Pole are inhabited. Mercator’s late-16th-century Arctic map (Septentrionalium Terrarum, ‘Of the Northern Lands’) was the first ever to be centred on the North Pole itself. It was a mix of fact and fiction, showing some recent discoveries but also the four fanciful countries surrounding the Arctic whirlpool with in its middle the Rupes Nigra et Altissima (‘Black and Very High Cliff’), supposedly responsible for animating navigators’ compasses. On the subject of mixing fact with fiction, Mercator incongruously includes in his map two other magnetic poles, along the 180° meridian, indicating that he did know of the magnetic deviation from the ‘true North’, but wasn’t yet prepared to ditch the preceding fabulation (thanks to Greg for pointing this out). Mercator’s map was included in the last of three volumes constituting his ground-breaking work (the first geographic tomes to be called an Atlas). The cartographer didn’t live to see it published: the last volume was brought out by his son Rumold in 1595, the year after his death. In 1604, cartographer Jodocus Hondius acquired the printing plates of Mercator’s Atlas, and over the years improved on the Arctic map (and others) as explorers and whalers came back with ever more accurate descriptions of the coastlines, in the case of the Arctic map especially those of Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla (also, and more correctly known as Novaya Zemlya, ‘New Land’ in Russian). Mercator’s authoritative (but wrong) depiction of the North Pole persisted well into the 17th century, only to be dispelled gradually by real discoveries. On the map, the Rupes Nigra can be seen surrounded by the four countries, all of which are labelled with Latin texts, some of which I can make out: • The island on the bottom right is labelled: Pygmei hic habitant & ad summum pedes longi quem admodum illi quos in Gronlandia Screlingers vocant. Which translates as something like this: ‘Here live Pygmies and (something about long feet), like those in Greenland that are called Skraelinger’. The island to the north of Pygmy-land is labelled: Hic euripus habet ostia et propter angustiam ac celerem fluvium nunquam congelatur. Which goes something like this: ‘This narrow channel has a harbour and due to its narrowness and swift current never freezes’. A glance at the North Pole and its mythology, from whirlpools and giants to the indrawing sea and the Rupes Nigra. https://www.arcus-atlantis.org.uk/horizons/magnetic-north.html HYPERBOREA was a fabulous realm of eternal spring located in the far north beyond the home of the north wind. Its people were a blessed, long-lived race untouched by war, hard toil and the ravages of old age and disease. Hyperborea was usually described as a continent-bound land bordered on the north by the great, earth-encircling river Okeanos (Oceanus), and on the south the peaks of the legendary Rhipaion (Rhipaean) Mountains. Its main river was the Eridanos whose banks were lined with amber-weeping poplar-trees and its waters home to flocks of white swans. Blessed with eternal spring, the land producing two crops of grain per year, but most of the countryside was wild and covered with beautiful forests--the so-called "garden of Apollon." The southern border of Hyperborea was guarded by the bitterly cold peaks of the impassable Rhipaion (Rhipaean) mountains--home to Boreas (the North Wind) whose chill breath brought winter to the lands of the south. Its peaks were inhabited by gold-guarding Grypes (Griffins) and its valleys by the fierce, one-eyed Arimaspoi tribe. Beneath the southern slopes lay Pterophoros--a desolate, snow-covered land cursed with eternal winter. Hyperborea was a theocracy ruled by three priests of the god Apollon. These gigantic kings, known as the Boreades, were sons of Boreas (the North Wind). Their capital contained a circular temple dedicated to the god where hecatombs (a hundred-head) of asses were sacrificed in his honour. The people also celebrated their god in an eternal festival of music, song and dance whose hymns were joined by the sweet song of the circling Hyperborean swans. The realm plays a role in several myths. Phaethon tried to drive the chariot of the sun but lost control and was struck down by Zeus, sending his flaming body plummeting into the Hyperborean river Eridanos. His mourning sisters, the Heliades, were afterwards transformed into amber-shedding poplar trees on its banks, and his grief-stricken friend Kyknos (Cycnus) into a swan. Elderly Hyperboreans commemorated the event by leaping into the lake formed by Phaethon's fall to be transformed into white swans. Perseus later travelled to Hyperborea and was entertained by its folk when he was searching for the Nymphs who guarded the treasures of the gods, or else the Graiai--swan-bodied hags who could reveal the location of Medousa. Perseus' descendant Herakles made the same journey on two separate occassions. The first time was in his quest for the golden-horned deer of Artemis which fled north during the chase. The second time he sought Atlas and the golden apples of Hesperides. Another body of stories describes Hyperboreans as pilgrim-founders of several important Greek shrines. The Delians told a tale of how the pregnant goddess Leto came to the island from Hyperborea accompanied by a pack of wolves where she gave birth to Apollon with the assistance of Eileithyia who was summoned from the northern realm to further the labour. After this event, the Hyperboreans sent pilgrims to the island--five men and several maiden-priestesses. However, after several of the maidens were either raped or killed, the Hyperboreans ended the pilgrimage and instead delivered their offerings indirectly through neighbouring tribes and peoples. The next major shrine connected with the Hyperboreans was the oracle of Apollon at Delphoi. The second of the early, mythical temples of the shrine was said to have been built by Hyperborean pilgrims out of beeswax and feathers. When the army of the Gauls tried to seize the temple in historical times, phantoms of these prophets were said to have appeared on the battlefield, routing the army. Finally they appear in the myths of the founding of the Olympic Games. It was said that when Herakles--either the Daktylos or the son of Zeus--established the festival in honour of Zeus he made a pilgrimage to Hyperborea to obtain sacred wild olives for the shrine. The most famous prophet of the Hyperboreans was probably Abaris who was given a magical arrow by the god Apollon on which he flew around the world performing miracles. Some say this arrow was the one which Apollon had used to slay the Kyklopes (Cyclopes) which had been hidden beneath a Hyperborean mountain. An Arctic Timeline : 1496-1962 The exploration of the North has extended over five hundred years and rather than finding a northwest passage to the eastern trade, it discovered a great fur trade and valuable fisheries, and even great oil fields. Early crews were often separated from their homes for years and some never returned. While hopes of finding a northwest passage was the initial objective, the ice conditions discouraged expectations of success. In the past, the problems of reaching the North Pole have been subordinate to the hope of finding, via that route, a water way to the east, and though the early north polar attempts failed in their main purpose, they resulted in the discovery of new lands and industries. Traveling in vulnerable wooden ships first powered only by sails, they gradually changed to powerful new and innovative vehicles and a commercial trade in the north was established. But even from the beginning of polar exploration the ships that sailed with orders to attain the North Pole have been in number and importance the exception, not the rule. Attempts to reach the North Pole itself followed using stronger ships with newer designs as a base for the dashes to the almost mythical prize. Balloons and the new dirigibles were tried, followed by airships and submarines. When the Pole itself was finally reached, it proved to be a vain goal since it was just a point on the ice above a moving body of water. The oceans of the Arctic basin and the frozen lands around it are now recognized as important study areas, and over the years virtually all exploration parties became directed toward studies of some kind. 1496: Henry VII granted "Letters patent" to John Cabot and his three sons to make voyages of discovery in "northern, eastern or western seas." The original charts and manuscripts of John Cabot and his son Sebastian have, for the most part, disappeared. 1576: Martin Frobisher's first voyage. An attempt would be made to reach Cathay through a passage to the northwest. Vessels used were two small barks, MICHAEL and GABRIEL. Frobisher, aboard the GABRIEL, crossed (now) Davis Strait between Greenland and (now) Baffin Island. They explored the vicinity of (now) Frobisher's Bay. They encountered Inuit, described as being "like to Tartars, with long blacke haire, broad faces and flatte noses and tawnie in colour, wearing Seale skinnes, and so doe the women, not differing in the fashion, but the women are marked in the face with blewe streekes downe the cheekes, and round about the eyes." On this first expedition, a rock was picked up as a souvenir in Frobisher's Bay and upon the expedition's return, the rock was assayed and said to contain gold. 1577: Martin Frobisher's second voyage to (now) Frobisher's Bay, under the auspices of the Cathay Company. The expedition was to continue the search for the Northwest Passage and to mine more of the 'gold'-bearing ore discovered the year before. The expedition remained in the bay for five weeks from 17 July to 23 August 1577 and mined about 200 tons of the ore. The AYDE, MICHAEL and GABRIEL returned to England, bringing an Eskimo man (Kalicho), woman (Arnaq) and child (Nutaaq) to Bristol. The man and woman died and were buried at St. Stephen's Church while the child died in London and was buried at St. Olaves, Hart Street. 1578: Martin Frobisher's third voyage to the Arctic. Commanding the AYDE, Frobisher led a fleet of fifteen vessels to (now) Frobisher's Bay. Over 100 miners from Cornwall and the Forest of Dean were to form a wintering party on a small island under the leadership of Captain Edward Fenton. Poor weather prevented the fleet from keeping together. Frobisher, together with several other vessels, sailed up what he called the "Mistaken Straightes," now called Hudson Strait. Most of the fleet was eventually reunited in the region where 1200 tons of "black ore" was extracted and loaded onto the ships. Upon their return to England, the ore proved to be worthless and the Cathay Company went bankrupt. Frobisher did not return to the Arctic but did retrieve his reputation firstly with Drake in the West Indies and later by his conduct as one of the main commanders of the English fleet that defeated the Spanish Armada of 1588. 1585: John Davis's first voyage in search of the Northwest Passage. The expedition, aboard the two small vessels SUNSHINE and MOONSHINE, made its first northern landfall on the east coast of Greenland. They sailed across (now) Davis Strait to (now) Baffin Island. They came ashore at (now) Cumberland Sound where two sledges were discovered "made like ours in Englande." Despite signs of inhabitants, none were encountered. 1586: John Davis's second voyage to the Arctic. The vessels MERMAID, SUNSHINE, MOONSHINE and pinnace NORTH STAR sailed up the west coast of Greenland and encountered the "people of the country" in the vicinity of Gilbert Sound, later named Godthaab Fiord. In August, they sailed westwards from Greenland, finding land on southeast Baffin Island. Two of the ship's company were surprised and killed by the "Savages" ashore. 1587: John Davis's third voyage toward the Northwest Passage. Sailing aboard the barks SUNSHINE, ELIZABETH and the pinnace ELLEN, Davis and his crews traveled up the west coast of Greenland, trading with the Greenlanders as they went. After reaching the relatively high latitude of 72° 12' North, Davis turned to the west and sighted Cumberland Sound on Baffin Island which he discovered on his first voyage. They coasted the south shore of Cumberland Sound and re-entered Davis Strait in latitude 64° North. They continued south with the Labrador current, passing a "very great gulfe" which was no doubt Hudson Strait. Upon reaching the vicinity of Labrador, they set sail across the Atlantic for Dartmouth. 1602: George Waymouth, sent by the East India Company, may have proceeded along Hudson Strait for a good distance. His vessel, DISCOVERY, is one of the earliest of a line of exploring ships bearing that name. 1610: Henry Hudson, aboard DISCOVERY, sailed westward for 450 miles through a long strait and into a great bay, both of which now bear Hudson's name. Hudson turned south and the vessel was forced to winter at the southern end of the bay because of ice. They escaped from the ice in June 1611 but soon afterwards a mutiny took place after which Hudson, his son, the sick and the Hudson loyalists were all set adrift in a boat. They were never seen again. Two of the mutineers were killed by the Eskimos at the western end of Hudson Strait while many others died on the voyage home. Stories related by the survivors were believable so all were left unpunished. 1611: Thomas Button sailed on the RESOLUTION, with the DISCOVERY in company. This voyage was to follow-up Hudson's discoveries. Two of the mutineers on Hudson's expedition, Prickett and Bylot, were among the ship's company. Part of the west coast of Hudson Bay was charted and Port Nelson, where they wintered-over, was named after one of the mates who was buried there. The RESOLUTION was crushed by the ice and sank. The DISCOVERY sailed north to what was called Sir Thomas Roe's Welcome, between Southampton Island and the east coast of America, before turning for England. A considerable length of coastline was charted on this expedition. It was also determined that no westward passage from Hudson Bay existed. 1615: Robert Bylot and William Baffin, in the DISCOVERY, sailed through Hudson Strait but found no passage northward through what became known as Frozen Strait. 1619-20: Backed by the King of Denmark, Jens Munk fails to discover the Northwest Passage. His two ships wintered near the site of the later Hudson's Bay Company post, Fort Prince of Wales, on the Churchill River. 1631-32: Two independent voyages are made through Hudson Strait and into Hudson Bay in a further attempt to find a northwest passage through this route. Captain Thomas James commanded the HENRIETTA MARIA while Captain Luke Foxe commanded the CHARLES. James Bay, at the head of Hudson Bay, and Foxe's Channel were named after the two captains. 1668: The small vessel NONSUCH sails from London through the Hudson Strait and into Hudson Bay. Her voyage opens a sea route for trade in furs with the local Indians. 1670: By royal charter, incorporation of the Hudson's Bay Company is established. King Charles II appoints his nephew, Prince Rupert, their Governor and grants the "sole trade and commerce of all those Seas Streightes Bayes Rivers Lakes Creekes and Soundes in whatsoever latitude they shall bee that lye within the entrance of the Streightes commonly called Hudson's Streightes, together with all the Landes and Territorys upon the Countryes Coasts and confynes of the Seas Bayes Lakes Rivers Creekes and Soundes aforesaid that are not actually possessed by or granted to any of our Subjectes or possessed by the Subjectes of any other Christian Prince or State." The vast territory, to be known as Rupert's Land, would comprise nearly 40% of modern Canada. Three wooden forts are built on James Bay in 1685. 1719: Provisioned by the Hudson's Bay Company, elderly Captain James Knight leads two ships in search of "minerals and to traverse the 'Strait of Anian.'" This was a mythical strait attributed to unreliable charts and globes of the time. They departed from Gravesend on the lower Thames in June 1719 and were never seen again. 1741-42: Commanded by Captain Christopher Middleton, the FURNACE and DISCOVERY sail for Hudson's Bay on June 8, 1741. The vessels winter at Sloop Cove, between the Hudson's Bay Company's fort, named after the Prince of Wales, and the recently vacated Old Factory on the Churchill River. The expedition set sail the following year towards the north where they navigated the uncharted and ice-infested waters of Sir Thomas Roe's Welcome (now Roe's Welcome Sound), between the west coast of Southampton Island and the east coast of North America. They reach a deep bay whose upper reaches touch the Arctic Circle. Middleton names it Repulse Bay as there was no passage there. 1746-47: An attempt to find the Northwest Passage is privately organized by Arthur Dobbs, a member of the Irish House of Commons. The expedition is supported by a group of merchants who form the North West Committee. Commanded by William Moor in the DOBBS and Francis Smith in the CALIFORNIA, the expedition "carried out some useful exploration in difficult conditions, but ... every move, it seemed was dogged by disagreement, ineptitude and controversy." 1770-72: On behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company, the Governor of Fort Prince of Wales, Moses Norton, instructs Samuel Hearne to find and trace the Coppermine River to ascertain whether or not a route exists from Hudson Bay to the Pacific Ocean via the continent of North America. According to the Orders and Instructions, Hearne is "to trace to the mouth, and there determine the latitude and longitude as near as you can; but more particularly so, if you find it navigable, and that a settlement can be made there with any degree of safety, or benefit to the Company." Hearne was accompanied by a group of Northern (Chipewyan) Indians, led by a chief named Matonabbee. The successful journey departed on December 7, 1770 with the women carrying heavy loads together with their infants. Meanwhile, the men hunted and sometimes ate while the women went hungry. They reached the Coppermine River on July 14, 1771 but found the river too dangerous to navigate. On July 17 they surprised a group of Inuit fishing on the river. The Chipewyan Indians showed no mercy towards the Inuit, massacring them and destroying their tents, kettles and every other provision necessary to sustain life in this harsh environment. Shortly after the massacre, Hearne reaches the mouth of the river. He found the vicinity "full of islands and shoals" with unbroken sea ice off in the distance. The tide was out so the water tasted fresh but the bones of whales and sealskins at the Eskimo encampment convinced him that he had reached the "Northern Ocean." As a consequence, he became the first European to accomplish this feat. The significance of this expedition was to prove that no passage existed through the American continent south of the Arctic Circle. 1776-80: Captain James Cook's third voyage of discovery, commanding HMS RESOLUTION and HMS DISCOVERY, with the object of finding the Northwest Passage via the Pacific Ocean. Unfortunately, "armchair cartographers" had drawn their maps and charts from theory, rather than surveys, which frustrated Cook and his officers while coasting southern Alaska. Cook's ships penetrated as far as Icy Cape on the coast of Alaska. This route into the Arctic, forged by the RESOLUTION and DISCOVERY, would later be taken by the ships of the Royal Navy. 1789: Alexander Mackenzie, a young partner in the North West Company, is driven by the need for a trading route to the Pacific after being displaced from the vicinity of Detroit due to the American Revolution. Mackenzie is accompanied by four French Canadian voyageurs, a Chipewyan Indian by the name of "English Chief," a number of Indian's wives and a young German, John Steinbruck. The expedition departs from Fort Chipewyan, on the southern shore of Lake Athabasca, on June 3, 1789. They reach a great river (subsequently named after Mackenzie), extending northward from the Great Slave Lake. The river is followed all the way to the Arctic Ocean which is reached on July 14, 1789, the same date as the outbreak of the French Revolution. 1792-94: Captain George Vancouver explores and surveys the northwest coast of America. It is subsequently proven that no navigable waterway exists between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans in temperate latitudes. 1817: William Scoresby, a young whaling captain and son of William Scoresby, Sr., inventor of the crow's nest, makes a voyage to Greenland where he finds "2000 square leagues of the surface of the Greenland Sea, between the parallels of 74° and 80° North, perfectly void of ice which is usually covered with it." 1818: In command of the ISABELLA, John Ross makes his first voyage in search of the Northwest Passage. Lt. Edward Parry, second in command, accompanies Ross in the ALEXANDER. Astronomer on the expedition is Captain Edward Sabine. They turn back at Lancaster Sound. 1819: In command of the DORTHEA, David Buchan seeks the North Pole via Spitzbergen. Lt. John Franklin is second in command aboard the TRENT. 1819-20: In command of the HECLA, William Edward Parry leads his first expedition in search of the Northwest Passage. Lt. Matthew Liddon is second in command aboard the GRIPER. A Parliamentary Act passed in 1818 "authorized the [payment of] ... five thousand pounds to the officers and men of the first ship to cross the 110th meridian of west longitude to the north of America by sailing within the Arctic Circle." Parry was the first to qualify when they proceeded westwards along what is now called Parry Channel, passing 110° West longitude in September 1819. They subsequently reach and name Melville Island after the First Lord of the Admiralty. 1819-21: In conjunction with Edward Parry's voyage, John Franklin leads his first overland expedition to Point Turnagain, in search of the Northwest Passage. The expedition ends in disaster with eleven members of the expedition losing their lives. 1821-23: In command of the FURY, Edward Parry leads his second voyage in search of the Northwest Passage. Second in command is George Lyon aboard the HECLA. The ice master of the HECLA dies of scurvy. 1824-25: Once again HECLA and FURY sail north under Edward Parry's command in search of the Northwest Passage. This, Parry's third voyage, would prove to be his final voyage to the Canadian Arctic. The FURY is grounded during a storm on July 30, 1825 and subsequently abandoned on Fury Beach at Somerset Island. 1825-27: John Franklin's second land expedition to the mouth of the Coppermine River. Together with John Richardson, he explores and maps more than a thousand miles of coastline from Coronation Gulf to Icy Cape, Alaska. 1827: On June 1, Edward Parry, aboard HECLA, leaves Spitzbergen on an attempt to reach the North Pole. Second in command is James Clark Ross. He reaches 82° 45' North and establishes a Farthest North that will stand for 50 years. 1825-28: The Admiralty dispatches BLOSSOM to the north Pacific. The expedition, under the command of F.W. Beechey, is instructed to await the emergence of Parry's HECLA and FURY into the north Pacific. Also anticipated is the arrival of Franklin's boats from his overland expedition. They reach Captain Cook's Icy Cape and proceed along the coast. Point Barrow is discovered and named after Sir John Barrow of the Admiralty, "to mark the progress of northern discovery on each side of the American continent which has been so perseveringly advocated by that distainguished member of our naval administration." 1829-33: John Ross's second expedition in search of the Northwest Passage. The expedition is privately sponsored by gin merchant Felix Booth. With the help of Eskimos, Ross and his crew survive through four Arctic winters. 1833: George Back, together with Richard King, leads an expedition to the Great Fish River in search of John Ross. 1837-39: A Hudson's Bay Company overland expedition is led by Peter Dease and Thomas Simpson. They survey most of the remaining unknown areas of the Northwest Passage. 1845-47: Tragedy befalls John Franklin and his men as he commands EREBUS and TERROR on a search for the Northwest Passage. Franklin is last seen by a whaling ship on June 25, 1845. Neither he nor any of the other 128 men would be seen alive again. Between 1848 and 1859 more than 50 expeditions are mounted to find him, with enormous sums of money spent on the search. The British Government spent approximately £675,000, Lady Franklin £35,000, the United States Government $150,000 and Henry Grinnell, president of the American Geographical Society, $100,000. 1848: The search for the Franklin expedition begins early in 1848. The First Lord of the Admiralty offers £10,000 to anyone who can merely discover what happened to Franklin and his lost ships, EREBUS and TERROR. The Admiralty proposed a 3-pronged attack from the east, west and south to find Franklin: two ships would enter the archipelago from the east by way of Lancaster Sound and Barrow Strait and then move west to Melville Island and Banks Land and then proceed south. (See James Clark Ross below). Two more ships would sail around Cape Horn hoping to rendezvous that July in Bering Strait to explore the western Arctic. (See Pullen below). Finally, a land expedition would travel to the Canadian northwest and follow the Mackenzie River north to the Arctic coast and then eastward along the rim of Wallaston Land and Victoria Land (See John Richardson below). It was expected that both of the naval expeditions would meet up with the land expedition. 1848-49: James Clark Ross, now at the end of his career, is instructed to follow Franklin's route through Barrow Strait and then south or southwest in search of the lost expedition. His two senior officers, Leopold M'Clintock and Robert McClure, will become Arctic heroes. The expedition ships, ENTERPRISE and INVESTIGATOR, are blocked by impassable ice north of Somerset Island. They are frozen in for eleven months at Port Leopold on the northwest tip of the island. They return to England, both officers and men having suffered badly from scurvy. Six of his company of sixty-four die on the expedition. 1848-51: John Richardson, at the age of sixty, leaves his family and embarks from Liverpool for North America in search of his old friend, John Franklin. Dr. John Rae is second in command of the overland expedition. After lodging together at Fort Confidence during the winter of 1848-49, Richardson returns to England, leaving Rae to follow the Mackenzie River to the Arctic coast and then explore eastward along the rim of Wallaston Land and Victoria Land. On Rae's third journey into the Arctic (now 1851), he proves that Wallaston Land and Victoria Lands are actually one and the same. Two fragments of wood are found that clearly came from a Royal Navy vessel. It would be years before anyone realized that they were most certainly from one of the Franklin expedition ships. 1848-51: Lt. W.J.S. Pullen commanding the expedition vessel HMS HERALD, together with the PLOVER and NANCY, reach Bering Strait. From here, he commands 5 small boats in an effort to go east, exploring the Arctic coastline to the Mackenzie Delta. See Rest Of The Text In This Post Part Two. Why Huge Magnetic Rock North Pole Magnetic Stone An Arctic Timeline 1496-1962 https://rumble.com/v3e30gf-why-huge-magnetic-rock-north-pole-magnetic-stone-an-arctic-timeline-1496-19.html Why Huge Magnetic Rock North Pole Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio - Magnetic Stone The Rupes Nigra ("Black Rock") 1595 First Edition Mercator Map of the Arctic (1st Map of the North Pole) Hello my friends.

One simple and definitive proof that you are not living on a spinning ball orbiting around the Sun is the fact that daytime and nighttime never switch places as they must for the heliocentric model to be true. According to the globe doctrine, Earth makes one complete rotation on its axis every 24 hours, while simultaneously orbiting around the Sun and completing one full revolution every 365 days. If this was truly happening however, as you can see from the following image, the daytime and nighttime sides of the globe would have to flip every 6 months. For a more detailed illustration of this, imagine the Sun rising at 6am in New York on the Summer solstice. After 3 months of 24 hour rotations, the globe would be 90 degrees from its previous position and a quarter turn away from the Sun, meaning that sunrise in New York during the Autumnal equinox should now be happening at midnight. After 3 more months of 24 hour rotations, the globe would be on the complete opposite side of the Sun, 180 degrees from its starting position, so that sunrise in New York during the Winter solstice should be happening at 6pm, or in other words, daytime and nighttime would have completely flipped from 6 months earlier. After 3 more months of 24 hour rotations, the globe would be 270 degrees from its original position, and sunrise in New York during the Spring equinox should be happening at noon.

Was the Garden of Eden at the North Pole ? Where was the Garden of Eden ? Hyperborea is a legendary land in Greek mythology, located to the far north of the known world, beyond the North Wind. This tree of life and or this tree is of ineffable goodness and fragrance...Its root is in the garden at the Earth’s end. And Paradise is between corruptibility and incorruptibility. Hyperborea was a fabulous realm of eternal spring located in the far north beyond the home of the north wind. Its people were a blessed, long-lived race untouched by war, hard toil and the ravages of old age and disease. And two springs come out... and they separate into four parts, and go round with quiet course, and go down into the Paradise Of Eden, between corruptibility and incorruptibility. And thence they go forth along the Earth, and have a revolution to their circle even as other Elements. And here there is no unfruitful tree, and every place is blessed. - II Enoch 8:3-8 Religious scholars have spent thousands of years looking for the Biblical paradise. Commonly, scholars suggest that any potential real-world model for Eden existed at the head of the Persian Gulf where the Tigris and Euphrates once met the Persian Karun River and the now-vanished Wadi Al-Rummah that once emptied into the Persian Gulf. This would therefore correlate both with the four rivers of Eden described in Genesis as well as the proposed location of the Mesopotamian paradise called Dilmun. However, others have proposed locations ranging from China-India to Georgia Guide-stones, in Elbert County, Georgia. The Garden of Eden had to be removed from Earth to spare it from the flood, to serve as a holy dwelling place for those ultra-righteous, like Enoch and Melchizedek and their cities, who were given access to the Tree of Life there so as not to fall victim to death until their transformation by resurrection to glory. ! The Garden of Eden is in a heaven between God's residence and Earth and will rejoin Earth at the parousia and meld with the New Jerusalem that will be stand through Christ's millennial reign. The New Jerusalem will be taken just before Earth passes away to spare it from destruction so that it can descend again to the New Earth described at the end of John's Revelation. Today I’d like to discuss one of the more fanciful suggestions, which attracted a scholarly hearing at the end of the nineteenth century. In Paradise Found (1885), the Rev. William F. Warren, president of Boston University, proposed a startling new theory about the location of Eden, “that the cradle of the human race, the Eden of primitive tradition, was situated at the North Pole, in a country submerged at the time of the Deluge.” His evidence for this claim ranged from the improbable to the ridiculous, as judged in the light of modern science, but in his time scholars had not yet discovered two essential facts that we know today: (a) that there is no land mass hidden beneath the arctic ice cap, and (b) that the ice has been in place since before the emergence of human beings. So much for his geographic, botanical, and zoological evidence, which he though sealed the case that the Arctic had once been a tropic paradise and the place from which all life evolved. More interesting is his claim for comparative mythology, which begins, as all fringe history books must (even when written by seemingly mainstream scholars), with the assertion that “the cosmology of the ancients has been totally misconceived by modern scholars” and that our author has some unique insight that gives him special knowledge of the truth. He begins by disputing that the ancients viewed the world as a flat plane surmounted by a metal or clay vault, in apparently willful contradiction of the plain reading of ancient texts (Enuma Elish 4.137-138, Iliad 17.425, Odyssey 15.329, Genesis 1:6-8, 3 Baruch 3:7, etc.). Instead, he claims that the ancients viewed the earth as a sphere in which the gods lived in the stars above the North Pole, humans in the northern hemisphere, the dead in the southern hemisphere, and demons in the stars below the South Pole. He is here literalizing the ancient concept of stacked planes and applying them directly to the earth itself. He goes on to literalize the concept of the world axis (around which the stars revolve) as twin mountains rising from the poles. This interpretation, though, is more a difference of form rather than a difference in kind. Flat or curved, the result isn’t really all that different except in one detail: By asserting that the ancients knew the earth to be round, it makes north more than just a direction on a map and lets Warren revise the Islands of the Blessed (in the west) and Eden (in the east) to correspond with the polar paradise in the north imagined as Hyperborea and Ultima Thule, and the world axis with the North Pole, despite Hindu cosmology placing Mount Meru in “the middle of the earth,” the Canaanites claiming it to be Mt. Hermon, and so on—after all, relative to the observer, the stars appear to spin high above any spot on earth, not specifically the North Pole. By collapsing mythic variation into the physical reality of geography, he makes every myth into the North Pole, washing away contradictory evidence as corruption or misinterpretation. He also has difficulty accepting the ambiguity of ancient versions of the underworld (probably due to divergent traditions), where the land was accessible both by descending into the earth and by crossing the River Ocean, instead asserting that such a land could only be the southern hemisphere. He concludes that the aurora borealis gave rise to the myth of a polar paradise blessed by God since the lights would have been taken as evidence of the divine abode of the gods in the memory of the descendants of the polar peoples. Warren received some interesting support. William Gladstone, Homeric scholar and British prime minister, endorsed part of his idea because it conformed to his own idea of Homeric cosmology, and professors of various ancient languages, cultures, and religions endorsed his reading. This isn’t really important. What is important is Warren’s claim, first expressed in an earlier book called The True Key to Ancient Cosmology and Mythical Geography (1882), which focused on Homer, that Atlantis “must be looked for, not between Europe and America, but at the pole, whither all the oldest ethnic traditions point us for the cradle of the human race.” While expressed in a footnote, he would expand upon it for the later book. There, he identified Atlantis with the Garden of Eden, and he asserted that both “were precisely where the tradition” of the ancients placed them: the North Pole. He does so by identifying Atlantis with Hyperborea (on the faulty claims of Noah’s Ark theorist Jacob Bryant, citing Pindar [Pythian 10], who said no such thing) and the charmed, long, and leisurely lives of the Hyperboreans (Pliny, Natural History 4.26) with the sinless world of Eden. You will, undoubtedly, recognize the core of this claim. Although modern science makes a tropical continent at the North Pole impossible, modern fringe writers can’t let an old claim die. Rand and Rose Flem-Ath, in When the Sky Fell (1995), invert it, though apparently without knowledge of the original, basing their work on Charles Hapgood and the earth crust displacement theory. In 2004, Robert Argod wrote Out of Antarctica which more explicitly recycled Warren’s claims. He used the same evidence that Warren had—claims of tropical plants and warm-weather myths—but moved everything to Antarctica (the South Pole). Graham Hancock, of course, famously embraced the Antarctica-as-Atlantis theory for a time before the sheer weight of geological fact forced him to amend his views. But surely the silliest application of the theory has to be in Raymond Bernard’s 1964 opus The Hollow Earth, actually written pseudonymously by Dr. Walter Siegmeister, an occultist who hoped to start a Master Race in Brazil. He was a UFO believer and an early exponent of ancient astronaut themes (vimana aircraft, etc.). He argued that the Atlanteans moved into the hollow earth where they developed UFOs and have become greatly upset at our nuclear weapons. In so doing, he adopted part of Warren’s argument and then made it ridiculous in his attempt to deal with the geological fact that no tropical paradise ever existed at the North Pole by removing it into the earth. Right after summarizing Warren’s claims and tying them to the hollow earth theory, he writes: May not Santa Claus represent a race memory of a benefactor of humanity who came from this subterranean race, who came to the surface through the north polar opening—perhaps on a flying saucer, symbolized by his flying sled and reindeer? The Genius Of The Few - Chapter 4 The Chronicles Of Enoch And I looked at myself and I was like one of the others; there was no difference and all my fear and trembling left me: - Secrets of Enoch: XXIII Unquestionably, the most rewarding descriptions of the Garden in Eden, in the Hebraic tradition, occur in the Books of Enoch, which were translated and edited by Dr R. H. Charles, a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, in the early years of this century. His material was comprised of pre-Rabbinic, Palestinian Jewish texts, compiled from fragments of varying ages - all close in content, but occasionally varying in detail. There are three principal versions extant; the full Ethiopic version (E); fragments of the Greek versions (Gs) preserved in Syncelles; and a large fragment of the Greek version (Gg), discovered at Akhim, and deposited in the Gizeh Museum at Cairo. Charles also discovered a Slavonic edition which has become known as 2 Enoch or the Secrets of Enoch, and persuaded his friend Dr Morfill, the Professor of Slavonic Studies at Oxford at the time, to undertake its translation - and it is from Morfill's work that we have the clearest accounts of the Garden in Eden. The author of the early chapters of the three-part book, which are those with which we are primarily concerned, has been shown by Burkitt to have been a Jew who lived in northern Palestine, south-west of the Hermon Range, near to the headwaters of the Jordan River. The very area in which much of the action described in our Chapter 5 is stated to have taken place. We do not know the source of the original material, but it can be said with some confidence that the Books of Enoch were produced around the second century BC from materials with a much older tradition. Some may have been orally transmitted but there is considerable evidence for an originally-written background. Charles was greatly excited by what he found in these works, but had to admit that they seemed to contain much of a questionable nature, seemingly apochryphal in character with passages that were obscure and even fanciful. Of course, Charles was writing seventy years ago, when his own understanding was limited by the knowledge, and prejudices of that period. Man had only just, somewhat unsteadily, taken to the air, and intelligence was generally considered to be the prerogative of only two places in the whole Universe - Heaven and Planet Earth. Despite these limitations, Charles placed a great deal of value on the teachings of the Books of Enoch, stating: Nearly all the writers of the New Testament were familiar with it, and were more or less influenced by it in thought and diction. It is quoted as a genuine production of Enoch by St Jude, and as scripture by St Barnabas. The authors of the Book of Jubilees, the Apocalypse of Baruch, and 4 Ezra, laid it under contribution. With the earliest Fathers and Apologists it had all the weight of a canonical book. The citations of Enoch by the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, and by the Book of Jubilees, show that at the close of the second century Be, and during the first century Be, this book was regarded in certain circles as inspired. When we come down to the first century AD, we find it recognized as scripture by St Jude. But the popularity of the Book of Enoch rested on false premises. It was thought to be a series of prophecies of a Golden Age that would occur in the future; the Fathers failed to see that, conversely, it was an account of a Golden Age that had already occurred in the distant past. Around 325 AD, the work was declared to be apocryphal by St Jerome in his De Viris illustr. iv with the words, De libro Enoch qui apocryphus est It fell under a cloud, which led to its disuse and we believe that copies were destroyed, because it was lost to Western scholarship for nearly 1500 years - until the Ethiopian version was discovered by Bruce, in Abyssinia, at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The Book of Enoch contains an autobiographical account of the life of Enoch among the Elohim in the area known as Eden, which, as we have already suggested, can be identified from the text as the north-west corner of the Fertile Crescent, centered on Mount Hermon on the borders of modern Lebanon, Syria and Israel (Map 1). Enoch had much to do with the Watchers: a large group of craftsmen-teachers who arrived in Eden as reinforcements for the third order of the Shining Ones - the Elohim, and this association will be the subject of the next chapter. Here, we must repeat the following quotation: [EN VI:6 VB] And they were in all two hundred, who descended in the days of Jared on the summit of Mount Hermon ... This translation is taken from the Greek, but the Ethiopic text confirms it: And they descended on Ardis which is the summit of Mount Hermon. Jared, the father of Enoch, was fifth in the line of Patriarchs after Adam, and may have been born around 7736 BC (not recalibrated) the Watchers may have arrived about 166 years later. The majority of them were dispatched down to the Lowlands to teach the expanding Hebrew families the arts of reading and writing, and a wide spread of crafts and agricultural practices. Enoch must have impressed them as a particularly promising student, because they seem to have concentrated on his education until he was a fluent speaker and writer of the languages of the Highlands, as well as his own. Eventually, as we shall recount, Enoch was summoned to the Garden in Eden to act as scribe and chronicler to the Shining Ones - with the added responsibility of liaison with the Watchers. In biblical terms, the Watchers are first mentioned, as such, in Daniel 4:10 - Next a Watcher, a holy one came down from heaven: The Hebraic term, used in the plural for the Watchers, was Eyrim. The Eyrim were referred to as the 'sons of the Elohim'; but remembering that such expressions as 'father and son, in the Middle Eastern vernacular, do not necessarily imply a blood relationship, we may infer that the Watchers were an inferior order in the Elohim group. And this is amply demonstrated in the accounts which follow. We have thought it best to recount Charles's translation of Enoch as a straight narrative, in our own words, but interspersed with lightly paraphrased quotations where these are necessary for clarification or emphasis. The paraphrases are desirable in order to amend archaic expressions, and overly religious stylization; but they have been kept faithful to the sense of Charles's text, except in a few details where it has been found essential to deviate for specific reasons - in such cases, footnotes have been added in explanation. The Summoning of Enoch Enoch was the seventh in the recorded line of Patriarchs (see Table 1), being the eldest son of Jared, the father of Methuselah, the grandfather of Lamech, and the great-grandfather of Noah, all of whom have their places in this account. He has always been given special reverence in the Hebraic tradition because of his unusual career; this, as we have already quoted, was described somewhat tersely by the writer of Genesis. Enoch walked with the Elohim. Then he vanished because the Elohim took him. Fortunately, this laconic and enigmatic statement, which is not enlarged upon in Genesis, is considerably, and intelligibly, amplified in the Secrets of Enoch (2 Enoch). [SE 1:2-10 PP] On the first day of the month, I was alone in my house, and was resting on my bed. And as I was sleeping, I dreamt that a great grief came over me and that I wept; and I could not understand why I felt like this, or what was going to happen to me. I awoke to find, in my room, two very tall men different from any that I have seen in the Lowlands. Their faces shone like the Sun, and their eyes burned like lamps; and the breath from their mouths was like smoke. Their clothes were remarkable - being purplish [with the appearance of feathers]; and on their shoulders were things which I can only describe as 1ike golden wings'. They stood by the head of my bed, and I was awoken by them, calling me by name; and I clearly saw them standing in front of me. I bowed my head to them and hid my face, and they said to me: 'Do not be afraid, Enoch; the Great Lord has sent us to you and, today, you are to go with us up to the Highlands. Now, tell your sons and your servants that they must manage without you down here; and tell them that no one is to come looking for you. Eventually, you will be brought back'. So I obeyed them. I went out of the house and called my sons Methuselah, Regim and Gaidal, and told them what these men had said to me. It is probable from this account, and from later revelations, that the Patriarchal family was living in the lowlands of the Jordan Valley, possibly around the Sea of Chinnereth (Galilee). And that Enoch was to be taken up to the high country of the Anti Lebanon to the Settlement of the Elohim, which Charles refers to as Heaven (from the Greek - paradeisos). That Enoch's destination was on Earth, and not some nebulous place in the sky, is clearly indicated in the instruction that no one was to go looking for him ! Years later, Methusaleh did go looking for him - to tell Enoch of the birth of Noah - and Methusaleh walked, or at best, rode a donkey. [SE III:l PP] When I had spoken to my sons, the men called me. They lifted me up and placed me on what seemed to be a cloud, and this cloud moved, and going upwards I could see the sky around and, still higher, I seemed to be in Space. Eventually, we landed on the First Haven and, there, they showed me a very great sea, much bigger than the inland sea where I lived. Elsewhere, the First Haven is described as a 'treasury of snow and ice, and clouds and dew', and from it Enoch could see a wide panorama of lands and sea, and rivers. From a later context, the landing place can be identified as Mount Hermon, and the 'very great sea' as the Mediterranean. This would certainly contrast in size with Chinnereth - one of the lakes in the Rift Valley of the River Jordan. Our use of the term 'Space' is, we believe, justifiable because the Greek word, used, was ether, which was an old term for the regions above the Earth's atmosphere - though we doubt very much whether Enoch travelled as high as that on his relatively short journey to Hermon. Unless, of course, the men sought to confuse him over his destination by going high into the stratosphere! The term Haven needs more justification. The Greek, again, used the term= paradeisos. This was originally a Persian word, introduced by Xenophon, meaning 'a park' or 'a shelter' or sanctuary'. Therefore, the use of 'haven~ rather than 'heaven' has some authority on its side. Many religions have the concept of a plurality of 'heavens' - seven being a common number; and many religions seem to have taken this concept from the seven havens, or sheltering places, which Enoch encountered on his journey through Eden. Enoch's description of the two men is the first that we have of personalities from the Elohim who, much later, were to be universally known as Angels'. An alternative translation, from a separate document, describes their dress as having the 'appearance of feathers', which might have contributed to the illusion of wings on their shoulders. It may also be significant that some statuettes from the third millenium BC in Sumer show a below-waist, kilt like garment with a boldly 'feathered' composition. Well-known examples, shown in Plate 5, are those of Dudu, a scribe from the period of Ur-Nina, and of Ebih-il from Mari, dated from the middle of the millenium. Later, in Chapter 6, we shall discuss what is known of the characteristics, and dress, of the Shining Ones and assess the importance of statuettes and bas-reliefs from the archaic periods of Sumer. How Enoch was transported need not be discussed at this stage, but he was clearly aware that it was aerial. A comparative passage from the first Book of Enoch states: [EN LXX:2 VB] And he was raised aloft on a chariot of the spirit - and his name vanished from among them The Greek word, which Charles translated as 'spirit: was .which transliterates to pneuma, the principal meaning of which is 'air' (we still use it in our word 'pneumatic'). Enoch's means of transportation was stated, literally, as 'the air-chariot' - strangely similar to our modem term 'airplane'. The stark anachronism, in terms of the technology believed to have been available in the eighth century BC, should not divert us, for the present, from the main theme. But it is a problem that must be faced - before this book closes; there is far too much documentary evidence, for this kind of phenomenon, for it to be possible to ignore it. The continuing narrative of Enoch reads like the diary of a wide eyed traveler being shown sights which, not only has he never seen the like before, but are so alien to his experience that they are partly beyond his power of comprehension. In our paraphrases, we have been careful not to superimpose our own technical understanding onto Enoch's halting attempts to explain what he saw. [EN XVII:1-2 PP] They [the two men] conducted me to a place where those who were there were as bright as fire, but when they wished they could appear as ordinary men. They had brought me to a place of darkness from a mountain whose summit reached to the heavens. There I saw lighted places, and heard thunderous noises; and, in the deepest part, there were lights, which looked like a fiery bow and arrows with their quiver, and moving lights like a fiery sword. This passage, like others to follow, only makes sense in the context of an inexperienced countryman brought suddenly into the dwellings, and perhaps workshops, of a more advanced culture. Perhaps the closest modem comparison would be with an intelligent Aborigine who, having lived only in the central deserts of Australia, was attempting to describe his experiences after being carried by helicopter to the mountain ridge outside Alice Springs, and after looking down at the lights of the town, through the darkness. If Enoch's high mountain, as we believe, were Hermon, and if the Garden in Eden lay to the north, Enoch could have looked down into the depths, some hundreds of metres below him, and seen the bright lights of a settlement; and who knows what strange shapes they might have formed in his mind. Enoch came at last to his destination - a great house, which he refers to as the 'Seventh Haven'. [SE XXI:2 - XXII:12 PP] After I had seen all this, these two men said: 'Enoch, we have only been told to accompany you this far: Then they left me, and I saw them no more. I was left alone outside the Haven; and I was afraid and fell on my face, saying to myself, Whatever has happened to me?' Then the Lord sent one of his great Archangels, Gabriel, out to fetch me, and he said to me: 'Enoch, do not be afraid; stand up and come with me - and keep standing up when you are in front of the Lord: So I answered: 'Oh! my Lord, my courage has failed me, and has left me in fear and trembling; please call back the men who brought me here - I have relied on them so far, and I should like them with me when I go in to see the Lord: But Gabriel whisked me away like a leaf carried by the wind; and he took me in to the Lord. (Despite what I had been told), I fell prostrate in front of the Lord and he spoke to me: Do not be afraid, Enoch; get up and, in future, always stand up when you are with me: Then Michael, who was the chief captain, raised me up and brought me right up to the Lord, and the Lord said to his attendants: 'Enoch is always to have entry to me: And these bowed to the Lord, and said: 'Enoch shall be given access, as you say: Then the Lord said to Michael: 'Go and strip Enoch of his own clothes; anoint him with fine oil, and dress him like ourselves: and Michael did as he was told. He stripped me of my clothes, and rubbed me over with a wonderful oil like dew - with the scent of myrrh which shone like a sunbeam. And I looked at myself, and I was like one of the others; there was no difference and all my fear and trembling left me. Then the Lord called one of his Archangels named Uriel, who was the most learned of them all, and said: 'Bring out the books from my library, and give Enoch a pen for speedy writing, and tell him what the books are about: And Uriel hurried and brought me the books, smelling of myrrh, and handed me a pen: The sincerity of this account is quite remarkable. There are no heroics - no bombast; just an honest statement of human frailty in the face of what must have been a terrifying experience. The parallel Sumerian account showed that this house to which Enoch was brought was a large cedar-wood building, brilliantly illuminated, and equipped with running water. On the wider issues, the account supplies three particularly important pieces of information. 1. In a preliminary manner, it explains the purpose behind the uprooting of Enoch from his patriarchal home and his transportation to a mountain eyrie close to Hermon. Enoch was educated, within the limits of what the Watchers had taught him; he was a fluent writer, and he was a man of particular integrity. In the Greek, he is described in two pertinent phrases: (a)'Enoch - the truthful man' and (b)Writer of the truth'. In his translation, Charles used 'righteous' in the place of our 'truthful', and 'righteousness' in the place of 'truth". In our view, this is quite unjustifiable, and the practice has lead to much misunderstanding. The Greek word -meant truth andmeant 'true'. The introduction of moral values, where none seems to have been intended, is surely a religious gloss, which was not present in the early documents. Enoch was chosen for his writing ability and for his honesty, and these virtues were to be used for the dissemination of knowledge from books in the possession of the Archangels. What these books contained, we can only guess; but it is possible, in the light of what Enoch later communicated to his son, Methusaleh, that they were chronicles explaining the Mission of the Sages and perhaps describing what had occurred in Eden up to that time. They might even have referred to the origins of the Shining Ones; information, which would have been of incalculable value to us today. It is possible that these records were destroyed when the Great House succumbed to the flames in the great Storm - if so, this was the tragedy of all tragedies. 2. The shining countenances of the Archangels were a striking characteristic, which has become a familiar part of both mythology and standard religious traditions. It is an integral factor in all the major religions and in heroic stories the world over. As a single example, Lugh, in the Old Irish traditions, was so radiant that mortal men could not bear to look him in the face. Of course, the same characteristic was claimed for Yahweh. This radiance of countenance has, hitherto, been attributed to some supernatural or spiritual effect; but the foregoing passage clearly suggests that it could have been the result of the application of a superficial oil with highly luminescent properties. The simple, if overly speculative, explanation would be that the Sages had very sensitive skins, and were particularly susceptible to harm from ultra violet radiation in the rarified mountain air. And yet, we hesitate to put this explanation forward as a viable proposition. Had the radiance been solely due to the oil, there seem to have been too many examples, in too many cultures, for this practice not to have been generally recognized as the source of the shining countenances. It is also possible that the anointing of Enoch was a device to make him feel more at home in the alien environment and, if this were the case, it would argue a compassionate understanding of his fright by the Great Lord. 3. The 'chief captain' among the Archangels was stated to be Michael. This title implies some kind of military or, more likely, security responsibility which will require some discussion later. Once Enoch was settled into his new surroundings, he was taken on a tour of Eden and the surrounding districts, with different Archangels accompanying him at different times. The account of these travels has led to much misinterpretation, and seems to have been largely responsible for the apocryphal denigration suffered by these Books in the early centuries of the Christian Church. We believe that one misunderstanding arose out of the assumption that 'Heaven' was some ethereal place outside the physical world, whereas there is substantial evidence for considering that the original use of the term was to describe a geographical location on Earth. To augment the arguments used in our first chapter, we must repeat that the Hebraic term, which has been translated as 'heaven, occurs as one of the first words in the Old Testament. And at the beginning of the account of the Garden in Eden, the expression is found in the lines: [GEN 2:4-5 VB] ... When Yahweh Elohim made heaven and earth no plant of the field being yet in the earth and no grains having yet sprouted ... In the Hebrew, the phrase 'heaven and earth - no plant' is written as: Transliterated into English characters, this becomes: Shemim ares (or arz) - kol shem 'heaven and earth - no plant'. Shemim, like Elohim, was plural; and the root, SHM, is the same as that for shem = 'plant'. In the cognate Akkadian language, shamu also meant 'heaven'; but it had another, associated meaning - 'the high place'; while shammu meant 'a plant'. Shammu is considered to have been a loan word taken from the Sumerian sham which also meant 'plant'; and the close etymological connection between sham, or shem = 'heaven', and sham or shem = 'plant' is self-evident. Originally, shemim, in archaic Hebrew, should have meant 'high places where plants were grown', and it is not surprising, therefore, that the term should have been associated with the Garden in Eden - it is a perfect, concise description. In English, the connection is more obscure. The modem word 'heaven' was derived from the Anglo-Saxon heofon, and is close to the Scandivanian havn meaning a 'harbour' or 'port'; the latter is even closer to the English haven meaning a 'refuge' or a 'sanctuary'. It would be reasonable to assume that the ancient root SHM lost its initial 'S' and, in the western world, changed its ending from 'M' to VN'. There is immediate support for this in the Teutonic word for 'heaven,' which is himmel; here, the initial 'S' has been lost, but the 'M' has been retained, and doubled. It is also of importance that the same Hebraic term= ares or arz is used in both places, in the above Genesis quotation, where the English translation is 'earth'. This, therefore, must apply to the land, or ground, rather than to the planet. We postulate, in consequence, that there was an ancient word - possibly deriving from the original eme-an of the Kharsag epics - which had the root SHM, and which was adopted by the early Semitic people to describe the area around the Garden in Eden; the Highlands where plants were cultivated. Because it was also the abode of Yahweh Elohim, the Leader of the Shining Ones, who later became the Deity of the Hebrews, shamim was transferred to those celestial regions which were considered the likely abode of God - but only after the Garden had been forgotten in terms of what it had originally been. To Enoch, Heaven' was the place where he was living; but within it were several 'heavens', seven in fact, each one definable as a separate part of the overall area. The plurality of these 'heavens', as a concept of the primary religions, has already been mentioned. Enoch describes his travels through these places in terms, which are incomprehensible if the modem, ecclesiastical meaning of Heaven is applied to the site of his wanderings. He met with both good and evil, and the latter caused early churchmen many sleepless nights - even Canon Charles himself - because it was inconceivable that evil could exist in Heaven, in the presence of God. And many were the convoluted explanations advanced to cover this anomaly. The idea of Satan, the Prince of Evil, was probably developed as just such a cover, because his original ha-satan - had no taint of evil; he was a functionary among the Archangels known as The Adversary, and probably had judicial responsibilities, like Ugmash. On each of Enoch's journeys, the Archangel acting as guide and mentor patiently dealt with the flood of questions that flowed from the quick mind of the excited and inquisitive Lowlander. But, before Enoch's descriptions can be understood, it is necessary to know something of the topographical features of the Levant, inland from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. And, strangely enough, the geological characteristics of the area have a distinct bearing on any interpretation which is made. The Terrain of the Country around Eden As shown in Map 1, the terrain of the Levant, immediately inland from the eastern coast of the Mediterranean, is dominated by a series of roughly north to south tension faults which control the sides of the narrow Rift Valley ,which runs, almost unbroken, from Turkey in the north to the Gulf of Aqaba in the south, a distance of nearly 500km. In sequence from the north, the Valley carries the Orontes River; the Biqa Plain with its ancient settlement at Ba'albek; the Litanni River (the Leontes); the Dan River; the Lakes of Hulah; the sub-sea Jordan Valley with the Sea of Galilee (Chinnereth) and the Dead Sea; and, finally, the Gulf of Aqaba, itself. Associated with the Rift, volcanic outpourings of lava and ejectamenta have continued into near-modern times, probably causing the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah in the time of Abraham, perhaps close to 2000 BC. The central part of the Rift Valley is bounded by the Lebanon Range on the west side, and on the east by the Anti Lebanon Range of which Mount Hermon, at its south-west end, is the highest point at 2,814m (9,232 ft). The highest point of the Lebanon Range, Qarnet es Sauda, rises up to 3,086m (10,125 ft). The country of this central part contains the four elements necessary for it to equate with the terrain described by Enoch: (a) high mountains, including Hermon, with a substantial, but seasonal, rainfall; snow-covered in the winter: (b) isolated, inter-montane, alluvial plains or basins: (c) deep, narrow ravines, fault-controlled, with evidence of volcanism within the past 10-15,000 years; and (d) a climate capable of sustaining an ecology including grain agriculture, vineyards, fruit orchards and extensive cedar forests. Bearing these elements in mind, it is possible to follow, and interpret even the wilder-sounding descriptions. The Excursions of Enoch: The Volcanic Ravines The first comments, which Enoch makes on his local excursions refer to scenes which he encountered on his journey into Eden, starting at Mount Hermon. [EN XVII:4-8 PP] And they the two men took me to the swiftly flowing river, and the fire of the west, which reflects every setting of. the Sun. I came to the river of fire in which fire flows like water, and discharges itself into the Great Sea towards the west. I saw great rivers, and a place of darkness which was uninhabited. I saw the mountains in the darkness of winter and the sources from which all the rivers come, which debouch into the Sea. Assuming that Enoch had been landed on Mount Hermon, and was being shown the views shortly before sunset, he would have been able to see the Orontes flowing northwards, the Jordan flowing southwards, and the Litani (Leontes) below him. As he descended the mountain, looking westward, he would have been directly in line with the 20km long reach of the River Leontes, shown in Map 1, as it flowed directly east to west into the Mediterranean. Around the Spring and Autumn Equinoxes, the setting Sun, viewed from the slopes of Hermon at a critical angle, would have appeared to set the waters of the Leontes alight, and Enoch could well have seen 'a river of fire' entering the Mediterranean. He also mentioned snow on the mountains, which would have made Spring a more likely season than the Autumn; so allowing the event to be placed in the period covering early March to the middle of April. He also mentioned the 'great darkness', which would have settled over the deep valleys on the eastern side of Hermon after the sun had set on the other side. On what was obviously another excursion, after he had settled in Eden, Enoch wrote: [EN XVIII:6-8 PP] I went further and saw a place which was burning all the time - night and day - and where there were seven mountains of magnificent rocks; three were roughly to the east, one was of coloured rock, one was of a pearl-grey colour, and the other was reddish-orange; those in the south were of red rock. The middle mountain reached up to the sky like the 'throne of the lord'; it was white like gypsum and, above, the sky was a sapphire-blue. Enoch's colour descriptions are fully compatible with the geology of the Hermon area. The crests of the highest ridges are composed of white, crystalline limestone, which would glisten like gypsum in the early morning sunlight. Under the upper limestone, there is a reddish-brown sandstone which forms the lower ridges, and volcanic rocks of varying colours form individual peaks. Enoch was a splendid observer, appreciative of beauty, and, seeing mountain country at its best, was keen to express his delight. [EN XXVI: 1-4 PP] From there I went into the middle of the [mountain] area and saw a wonderful place in which there were trees with branches in full bloom. And there I saw a high mountain, and underneath it to the east was a stream, and it flowed towards the south. Towards the east was another mountain, higher than the first, and between them was a deep and narrow ravine; in it there was a stream also running beneath this mountain. And to the west of this there was another lower mountain, not very high, and between them another ravine, deep and dry; and another deep and dry ravine lay at the end of the mountain. This passage is quoted for its very ordinariness. This is not apocryphal, or fanciful writing - as such it would be pointless. But as the eager jottings of a man who just noted down the things that took his eye, it is unexceptional. However, the tone changes, markedly, when he is brought into volcanic ravines, the fires of which he had already noticed from a distance. Still vividly descriptive, Enoch begins to show his distaste for the smoke and heat of lava and ash - and for the stark moon-scape which these places tend to resemble. [EN XVIII:11-12 PP] And I saw a deep rift in the earth with columns of flame and smoke; the fires rose to a great height and fell again into the depths. Beyond the rift, I saw a place where no sky could be seen above, and which had no firm ground below. There was no water on it, and no birds - it was a desolate and terrible place. Again, there is a ring of authenticity. Ordinary flames rise and disappear, but flaming volcanic material spurts upwards and can be seen falling back into the pit. The Levant Rift valley is gradually widening due to the drift of Arabia away from Africa, and every tiny lurch is liable to bring earthquakes in its train and, from time to time, volcanic activity. From Enoch's description, his visit to this ravine was at a time when the upper reaches of the Jordan and Dan Valley's were experiencing limited eruptions with spurts of incandescent, molten rock being thrown up like fountains of fire - a very common phenomenon in active rift areas. His place without firm ground suggests a local lava-flow, or a place in which smoke was trapped close to the ground. The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, mentioned earlier, was by hot ash and sulphurous smoke and fire - further south in the same rift section (GEN 19:23-28). Enoch continued: [EN XIX:1-2 PP] Uriel said to me: This is the place where the Angels who have cohabited with women will be imprisoned; those who, in many different ways, are corrupting Mankind, and leading men astray into making sacrifices to demons. They shall remain here until they come to trial; and the women of the Angels who went astray shall become sirens: This passage introduces the punishment of those Watchers who took wives from among the daughters of men against the instructions of their superiors. Enoch was to become the intermediary between the Archangel Council and these Watchers, and this visit to the proposed penal area was quite deliberately organized. He was to visit two other outdoor prisons, or places of detention, which suggests that the Angel authorities laid down strict rules of behaviour - and enforced them rigorously. [EN XXI: 1-6 PP] I went to a place where everything was disorientated, and there I saw something horrible. I could neither see the sky above nor the ground below, but only a strange and terrible place. And there I saw seven of the Angels imprisoned together ... So I said: What have they done wrong, and why are they held, here' Uriel, one of the Archangels who was with me, and who was responsible for the prisoners, said: 'Enoch, why do you ask, and why are you so keen to know the truth? These are a group of Angels who have disobeyed the orders of the Lord; they will be imprisoned, here, until their sentence is fully completed: There are two points of importance in this text: (i) the verbatim passage by Charles states, 'I saw seven stars of the heaven bound together in it .. :, and this has led to misinterpretation by scholars. In the archaic Sumerian script, which developed out of the original language of Kharsag, the star was a symbol for the Shining Ones whom we equate with the Angels; consequently, references by Enoch to stars and luminaries are frequently intended to indicate the Angels. It may be significant that, in Sumerian literature, there are many references to the seven Anannage, who were imprisoned in the underworld. The phrase bound together', which Charles used, implied being confined, or imprisoned, together: (ii) the seven imprisoned in Enoch's 'horrible place' could not have been Watchers who had erred by cohabitating with women because the orders for their arrest had not yet been issued. They must have been other Angels who had transgressed the laws in some way, and were paying a penalty. It is quite understandable that the early Christian Fathers would have been dismayed by this account of evil in 'Heaven', and that they would have declared the account apocryphal - if not blasphemous. The passage continues: [EN XXI:7-10 PP] And from there I went to a place which was still more horrible, and I saw another fearful thing - a great fire which burnt and blazed in a place that was cleft down to the bottom of the ravine, full of great, falling columns of fire. I could neither see its size or its extent; nor could I even guess at them. I said, 'How fearful this place is, and how terrible to look at: And Uriel ... replied: 'Enoch, why are you so afraid?: and I answered: 'Because of the fearsomeness of this place, and because of the sight of such suffering: And he said to me: 'This place is the prison of the Angels, and here they will be imprisoned for life: Enoch's visits to the prison areas, in the volcanically active ravines within Eden, have been emphasized because we believe that he was deliberately exposed to these unpleasant sights so that he could describe them to the apostate Watchers, down in the Lowlands, to whom he would later be sent; possibly to deter those who might not yet have succumbed to the temptation. Additionally, it is interesting to consider how much Enoch may have contributed to the Christian idea of Hell-fire by his accounts of these places of punishment. The use of these penal valleys in which, Enoch claims, there was so much suffering raises questions of considerable portent which cannot be ignored, if we are to understand the natures and, indeed, the spirituality of the Shining Ones. The Excursions of Enoch: The Garden in Eden A rather more pleasant excursion awaited Enoch when he was taken around the garden plantations. These are referred to by Charles as the 'Garden of Righteousness' - but, for what reason, is not clear. The Greek text, literally translated, meant 'Paradise of Justice: and we believe that this expression has to be accepted as an alternative epithet for the Garden in Eden. It may be that the penal establishments were still haunting Enoch, and that he tended to see the place in which he was living as a Paradise where Justice was dispensed - Paradise being a term, adapted by the Greeks, and meaning beside the gods'. [EN XXXII: 3-6 PP] And I came to Paradise, the Garden of Justice, and saw beyond the first trees, many large trees growing there. They were a glorious sight - large, beautiful and of a lovely fragrance - and among them was the Tree of Understanding, the fruit of which they eat and, thereby, obtain great purpose. The height of the tree is like a fir, and its leaves resemble the Carob [locust-tree, or false acacia]. Its fruits hang in clusters like grapes on the vine and are very beautiful; and its fragrance can be detected from a long way off. I commented on how beautiful and attractive the tree was, and Raphael, the Archangel who was with me, said: This is the Tree of Understanding; your ancestral father and mother ate of it, and it made them realize that they were naked; so they were expelled from the Garden: This passage makes it quite clear that the Garden of Justice, around which Enoch was being shown by Raphael, was also the Biblical Garden in Eden. Enoch also refers to the Tree in another, separate passage. [EN XXIV:3 - XXV:5 PP] And the seventh mountain was in the middle and was higher than the others, and that made it look like a chair; and fragrant trees surrounded the chair. Among them was a tree which was different from the others, with a scent that I had not known before. It had a fragrance beyond all fragrances, and its leaves and blossoms and wood [seem tollast for ever; and its fruit resembled the dates of a palm. So I said: 'How beautiful this tree is and how fragrant, and what a wonderful sight its leaves and blossoms make: Then Michael, one of the Archangels, who was with me, and who was their leader, answered me and said: Why do you ask about the scent of this tree, and why do you want to know about it?' I answered: 'I should like to know about everything, but especially about this tree: Then he told me: This high mountain whose summit is like the Chair of the Lord (in a sense) is his chair. It is where the Great Lord of Judgments, the Arbiter of length of life, will descend when he comes to inspect the cultivated land. And as for this fragrant tree, no human is allowed to touch it until the Great Selection; at that time, he will finally decide on the length of life to be granted. It will be given, then, to those who have observed the laws of Man and God. To those selected, its fruit will be a food, which is a means of life; they will be transferred to the Highlands, to the house of the Lord, the Arbiter of length of life. Then they will greatly rejoice and be glad. And into the holy place shall they enter; and its fragrance shall be in their bones, and they shall live a long life on Earth, such as thy Fathers lived. And, in their length of days, no illness, or pain of body, or torment, or calamity, or plague, shall touch them. Whether there were two remarkable trees in the Garden in Eden - a Tree of Understanding and a Tree of Life - is difficult to determine. To attempt a clarification, it is necessary to return to Genesis and the Hebraic text. [GEN 2:9 VB] And from the ground Yahweh Elohim caused to grow every tree that was pleasing to the sight and good for food, with the Tree of Life in the middle of the Garden, and the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Bad. The Hebrew term for Life: used here, was= hayyim. The singular form did, indeed, mean life, but the plural hayyim also meant 'health' and 'wholeness'. The term used for 'knowledge' was= da'at, a broad term suggesting technical knowledge, ability and understanding. The term for 'good' was .= tub; but this, again, was a broad term implying 'the best of what a person, or place, possesses', 'well-being: 'beauty' and also 'happiness'. On the other hand, the term for 'bad' was= ra " implying 'the worst in a person', 'ill-temper', 'discontentment', 'evil', and 'unwholesomeness'; in fact, Deuteronomy 28:35 and Job 2:7 use the term for 'boils' and 'ulcers'. From these determinations, it could be said that the Tree of Life promoted 'health' and length of life: and the Tree of Understanding or Knowledge distinguished between 'well-being' and 'ill-health'. That would imply that they were one and the same tree. But if that were so, there would be a problem with Genesis 3:22 which states (and we paraphrase to take account of the above expressions): [GEN 3:22 PP] And Yahweh Elohim said, Now that man has become like one of us with the understanding of well-being and ill-health, what if he should stretch out his hand and take also from the Tree of Life and eat, and have extended life. This passage suggests that there were two different trees because the term= gam meant 'also'; but if the writer meant 'again' rather than 'also: then it would be consistent with only one tree. The implication would be that occasional eating of the fruit of the tree gave health and well-being, but that the continuous use of it as food extended the life-span. Through the Tree of Life, the Leader of the Elohim, or the Lord of Spirits as he is called in the Book of Enoch, was able to promote well-being and to extend the life-span of those selected to receive the fruit. This selection was made by the Great Lord of Judgments, who made periodic visits to Eden to inspect the cultivations. In the next chapter we shall describe one such visit. On its own, all this would have had to be considered allegorical; but the parallel Sumerian account of the agricultural Settlement of Kharsag with its extensive orchards, peopled by the Anannage, who were undoubtedly long-lived, provides too solid a confirmation. The Great Lord of Judgments, who was obviously superior to the Lord of Spirits, equates with Anu, the supreme commander of the Anannage, who lived at Ba'albek and made similar visits to Kharsag to inspect the cultivations. This Great Lord was referred to, more frequently, by Enoch as the Most High, and later we shall be quoting from a passage describing a dramatic visit which Enoch made to his house. So far, apart from the Great House and the magnificent trees, Enoch has not mentioned any feature of the Garden in Eden, which assists with its identification with Kharsag; but we shall now put this matter to rights. An obvious feature of Kharsag, which would have to be mentioned by Enoch if Kharsag were the Garden in Eden, was the Reservoir. And Enoch does not disappoint us. Within the Garden, Enoch mentions a number of activities, which are apposite to this identification, but they require careful translation. Two of these refer to the water-supply required for irrigation. In each case, we shall first quote the passage verbatim, as Charles translated it, and then follow with a paraphrased interpretation. [EN LX:21 VB] And when the spirit of the rain goes forth from its chamber, its Angels come and open the chamber and lead it out, and when it is diffused over the whole earth, it unites with the water on the earth. This passage is only enigmatic if the translator fails to realize that the context is that of irrigation of plantations. The term 'spirit', again derived from the Greek word for 'air' or breath: represents the accumulation of air in the lungs; the 'spirit' of the rain is the accumulation of water in the 'chamber: or 'reservoir'. Our translation, therefore, is as follows: When the water is required from the reservoir, the angels responsible, come and open the sluice and let the water out. And when it has dispersed (as irrigation) over all the fields, it soaks into the ground: Enoch continued: [LX:22-23 VB] For the waters are for those who dwell on the earth; for they are nourishment for the earth from the Most High who is in heaven: therefore, there is a measure for the rain, and the Angels take it in charge. And these things I saw towards the Garden of Righteousness. Here, the revised translation is: 'For these waters are for the benefit of those who live off the land; they are irrigation for the land, planned by the Most High who lives in the Highlands. Therefore, there has to be a measure of the rainfall, and the angels are responsible for keeping a record of the rain-gauge. These things I saw around the Garden in Eden: Enoch was certainly aware that there was a reservoir available for supplying irrigation to the plantations. A third passage on angel activities in the Garden involved measurement of a different kind. [EN LXI:1-2 VB] And I saw in those days how long cords were given to the Angels, and they took themselves wings and flew, and went towards the north. And I asked an Angel, saying unto him: Why have these taken cords and gone off?' And he said to me: They have gone to measure: A natural paraphrase reads: Then I saw how long measuring "tapes" were given to some of the angels and they hurried off towards the north. So I asked the angel with me why the others had taken tapes and gone away, and he replied, 'They have gone to make a survey:' We have deliberately ignored the reference to wings and flying, which occurs in the verbatim text, because this is open to a number of interpretations. In modern usage, we still say 'I must fly' or 'he took wings' when referring to a state of haste, though whether this is applicable here, we cannot say. The reference to measuring in relation to surveying is a homely one for the author. While surveying in the high country of South Iran, I was often asked by curious tribesmen what I was doing with my plane-table, my range-finder and my linen tapes. The only answer that could be reasonably given to one who had no concept of mapping, was: 'I am measuring: In the context of the simplest operation, it was the only phrase which could readily be understood by the untutored hills-man - but often the answer only served to fan the curiosity. 'But what is the Agha measuring?' he would riposte. And the only honest answer, The distance between those two far-off mountains; only served to confirm the tribesman's conviction that all foreigners were mad. In the context of the Garden in Eden, measurement would have been an essential part of a well-organized, agricultural operation; and particularly as the Kharsag epics refer to the laying out of the rectilinear irrigation system in relationship to the positions of the Sun. In addition to the Great House and the Reservoir, there was one other edifice at Kharsag, which should have drawn Enoch's attention in the Garden in Eden. Without it, it would be quite impossible to state with any assurance that the places were one and the same. With it, all the loose ends fall into place, and the argument is complete. This edifice was the Building of Knowledge in which Ninkharsag and her teams of Serpent scientists researched the ecology of the area, and devised cures for the various plant diseases that they discovered. Enoch was wide-awake. [SE XIX:I-S PP] After this, the men brought me to the sixth haven, and there I saw seven groups of Angels, very bright and wonderful, with their faces shining brighter than the Sun. They were brilliant, and all dressed alike and looked alike. Some of these Angels study the movements of the Stars, the Sun and the Moon, and record the peaceful order of the World. Other Angels, there, undertake teaching and give instruction in clear and melodious voices. These are the Archangels who are promoted over the ordinary Angels. They are responsible for recording (and studying) the fauna and the flora in both the Highlands and the Lowlands. There are Angels who record the seasons and the years; others who study the rivers and the seas; others who study the fruits of the Lowlands, and the plants and herbs which give nourishment to men and beasts. And there Angels study Mankind and record the behaviour of men, and how they live. This record of the sixth place to which Enoch was taken within Eden is the fullest statement that we have, anywhere, of the actual daily activities of the Angels/Anannage in the Settlement of Eden/Kharsag. And the extraordinary conclusion, which we find that we cannot avoid, is that these activities appear to be compatible with the scientific interests of an exploration expedition into unknown country. Its members appear to have been studying every facet of science, which such an expedition would require - from geology to botany, and from astronomy to anthropology. The passage goes even further, and provides a rational explanation for the religious concept of the Recording Angel and the writing down of the good, and bad, deeds of men. From this account, we can now understand that these angel investigators were only observing Mankind from anthropological, genetic and psychological viewpoints - they were not concerned with 'guilt' or 'original sin, which can now be seen as superimpositions by later, misunderstanding, religious interpreters. https://www.goldenageproject.org.uk/enoch_chronicals_01.php Kramer may be right when he claims that 'History begun at Sumer'. But Prehistory, and prehistorical science in particular, began at Kharsag in Eden - and for our knowledge of this, we can thank Enoch and the scribes of Sumer. Magnetic Stone Rupes Nigra Huge Magnetic Rock 180km In Diameter At North Pole - https://rumble.com/v3e220t-magnetic-stone-rupes-nigra-huge-magnetic-rock-180km-in-diameter-at-north-po.html This Is A Very Rare And Top Secrets Real Video From M.I.R. Space Station of the North Pole. Why Huge Magnetic Rock North Pole Magnetic Stone An Arctic Timeline 1496-1962 - https://rumble.com/v3e30gf-why-huge-magnetic-rock-north-pole-magnetic-stone-an-arctic-timeline-1496-19.html Its Called ? Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio - Magnetic Stone The Rupes Nigra ("Black Rock") 1595 First Edition Mercator Map of the Arctic (1st Map of the North Pole) Hello my friends. Who’s Telling Truth About The Firmament On Earth Quran Or Bible Or Waters Above - https://rumble.com/v3nxzhl-whos-telling-truth-about-the-firmament-on-earth-quran-or-bible-or-waters-ab.html Who’s Telling Truth About The Firmament On Earth And Sun Moon Luminaries Part 2 - https://rumble.com/v3o0bk9-whos-telling-truth-about-the-firmament-on-earth-and-sun-moon-luminaries-par.html Creation is the most overlooked day in creation week story. It's important to understand the home setting that God created for Himself, the angels/spirits and for us. Join us as I explore the overall significance of day two on Earth, while also hinting at its eschatological implications nearing the end of the video. 1958 Encyclopedia Americana mention the dome above are flat earth in Antarctic. The same year the Antarctic Treaty was born, prohibiting free travel under the 60. south width. and the Sun is only 3,002 Miles Above the Earth Surface in the 7 layer of the Firmament from the water above and the water below. In 1956, US military aircraft proved that a dome covers the Earth at a height of 13000 feet (~ 4000 meters) of 90 degrees south (80. degrees). This is left out of all the new edition of this 1959 On Encyclopedia Americana Documents.. ‘Then God said, “Let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters.” And God made the expanse, and separated the waters which were below the expanse from the waters which were above the expanse; and it was so. And God called the expanse heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, a second day.’ Genesis 1:6–8 I know many have strong opinions about the Book of Enoch. Whatever your opinion may be on it, the fact remains, it was well known to the authors of Scripture, to the point where Jude even quoted directly from it, while under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. At the very least, it shows the mindset of the Hebrews (including the authors of the canonized text), confirming the belief they (and the entire Ancient Near East) had concerning the shape and nature of the Earth and its place in the cosmos: https://ia600300.us.archive.org/33/items/1611TheAuthorizedKingJamesBible/1611%20The%20Authorized%20King%20James%20Bible.pdf ENOCH AND THE STILL FLAT EARTH When it comes to the Book of Enoch, I know many want to dispute whether or not we should consider it canon, or even a valid source for deriving, confirming and/or elaborating on the canonized Biblical truths. Many commentaries have been written giving the various perceived pros can cons of doing so. For me, I have no need to consider it "Scripture." However, I do value it primarily because the authors of Scripture certainly did, even to the point of directly quoting from it, while under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. What Would Happen If The Earth Were Actually Flat How Everything Works On Earth - https://rumble.com/v3xj693-what-would-happen-if-the-earth-were-actually-flat-how-everything-works-on-e.html Proofs Earth Is Not A Spinning Ball What The Hell Happened 200 Times Collection - https://rumble.com/v2u2d94-proofs-earth-is-not-a-spinning-ball-what-the-hell-happened-200-times-collec.html Flat Earth 21 Questions And Answers Proving Stranger's Guide And Course Flat Earth - https://rumble.com/v2u3emu-flat-earth-21-questions-and-answers-proving-strangers-guide-and-course-flat.html What Would Happen if the Earth Were Actually Flat ? Welcome To The Tartaria New Year Wow Its 2024. The Earth has yet again made a revolution about the sun. But not so fast. If you subscribe to the idea of a flat Earth, then you’d believe that no such thing happened, because the sun rotates in a circle around the sky.

Why Huge Magnetic Rock North Pole Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio - Magnetic Stone The Rupes Nigra ("Black Rock") 1595 First Edition Mercator Map of the Arctic (1st Map of the North Pole) Hello my friends. this is an ancient map of the north pole. The North Pole as a magnetic mountain goes back at least to Roman times. the North Pole as a magnetic mountain surrounded by a circular continent divided by four powerful rivers from maps Martin Behaim's 1492 globe shows, at the arctic pole there is a high magnetic rock, thirty-three German miles in circumference. A surging sea surrounds this rock, as if the water were discharged downward from a vase through an opening. Around it are islands, two of which are inhabited." Mercator's map from 1595 showing the Arctic continent, with the "Rupes nigra et altissima" ('black and highest rock') at its centre. The Rock is the site of the North Pole, captioned as the POLVS ARCTICVS. Gerardus Mercator's world map of 1569 reflects his reading of Cnoyen's Itinerarium. It also features a marginal note alluding to the Franciscan's "discovery", "we have taken [the Arctic geography] from the Itinerium of Jacobus Cnoyen of the Hague, who makes some citations from the Gesta of Arthur of Britain; however, the greater and most important part he learned from a certain priest at the court of the king of Norway in 1364. He was descended in the fifth generation from those whom Arthur had sent to inhabit these lands, and he related that in the year 1360 a certain Minorite, an Englishman from Oxford, a mathematician, went to those islands; leaving them, advanced still farther by magic arts and mapped out all and measured them by an astrolabe in practically the subjoined figure, as we have learned from Jacobus.The four canals there pictured he said flow with such current to the inner whirlpool, that if vessels once enter they cannot be driven back by wind." The Arctic map inset on Mercator's 1569 world map was the prototype for the influential and widely circulated Septentrionalium Terrarum of 1595, posthumously published by his son, and the maps in Ortelius's Theatrum Orbis Terrarum of 1570. Both show the same configuration of the arctic regions as the 1569 map. In his letter to Dee, Mercator further quotes Cnoyen's description of the Northern regions: "...In the midst of the four countries is a Whirlpool into which there empty these four Indrawing Seas which divides the North. And the water rushes round and descends into the earth just as if one were pouring it through a filter funnel. It is 4 degrees wide on every side of the Pole, that is to say eight degrees altogether. Except that right under the Pole there lies a bare rock in the midst of the Sea. Its circumference is almost 33 French miles, and it is all of magnetic stone. And is as high as the clouds, so the Priest said, who had received the astrolabe from this Minorite in exchange for a Testament. And the Minorite himself had heard that one can see all round it from the Sea, and that it is black and glistening. And nothing grows thereon, for there is not so much as a handful of soil on it." More interesting to modern researchers are the people the friar encountered, "pygmies" who may well be identical with the Skrælings referred to in old Norse texts about Greenland, predecessors of the modern Inuit. The John Day letter In 1956 a letter referring to the existence of the book was found in the Archivo General de Simancas (Spain) from the English merchant John Day to "The Most Magnificent And Most Worthy Lord - The Lord Grand Admiral" (presumably Christopher Columbus). written in either December 1497 or January 1498, John Day says, "...Your Lordship's servant brought me your letter. I have seen its contents and I would be most desirous and most happy to serve you. I do not find the book Inventio Fortunata, and I thought that I (or he) was bringing it with my things, and I am very sorry not [to] find it because I wanted very much to serve you. I am sending the other book of Marco Polo and a copy of the land which has been found [by John Cabot]… The Rupes Nigra ("Black Rock"), a phantom island, is believed to be a 33-mile-wide black rock (Mercator actually describes the rock's circumference as 33 "French" miles) located at the Magnetic North Pole or at the North Pole itself.It purportedly explains why all compasses point to this location.comes from a lost work titled Inventio Fortunata, and the island features on maps from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, including those of Gerardus Mercator and his successors.Mercator describes the island in a 1577 letter to John Dee: In the midst of the four countries is a Whirl-pool, into which there are empty these four indrawing Seas which divide the North. And the water rushes round and descends into the Earth just as if one were pouring it through a filter funnel. It is four degrees wide on every side of the Pole, that is to say eight degrees altogether. Except that right under the Pole there lies a bare Rock in the midst of the Sea. Its circumference is almost 33 French miles, and it is all of magnetic Stone [Jacobus Cnoyen] years ago. Gerard Mercator (March 5, 1512 - December 2, 1594) is a seminal figure in the history of cartography. Mercator was born near Antwerp as Gerard de Cremere in Rupelmonde. He studied Latin, mathematics, and religion in Rupelmonde before his Uncle, Gisbert, a priest, arranged for him to be sent to Hertogenbosch to study under the Brothers of the Common Life. There he was taught by the celebrated Dutch humanist Georgius Macropedius (Joris van Lanckvelt; April 1487 - July 1558). It was there that he changed him name, adapting the Latin term for 'Merchant', that is 'Mercator'. He went on to study at the University of Louvain. After some time, he left Louvain to travel extensively, but returned in 1534 to study mathematics under Gemma Frisius (1508 - 1555). He produced his first world map in 1538 - notable as being the first to represent North America stretching from the Arctic to the southern polar regions. This impressive work earned him the patronage of the Emperor Charles V, for whom along with Van der Heyden and Gemma Frisius, he constructed a terrestrial globe. He then produced an important 1541 globe - the first to offer rhumb lines. Despite growing fame and imperial patronage, Mercator was accused of heresy and in 1552. His accusations were partially due to his Protestant faith, and partly due to his travels, which aroused suspicion. After being released from prison with the support of the University of Louvain, he resumed his cartographic work. It was during this period that he became a close fried to English polymath John Dee (1527 - 1609), who arrived in Louvain in 1548, and with whom Mercator maintained a lifelong correspondence. In 1552, Mercator set himself up as a cartographer in Duisburg and began work on his revised edition of Ptolemy'sGeographia. He also taught mathematics in Duisburg from 1559 to 1562. In 1564, he became the Court Cosmographer to Duke Wilhelm of Cleve. During this period, he began to perfect the novel projection for which he is best remembered. The 'Mercator Projection' was first used in 1569 for a massive world map on 18 sheets. On May 5, 1590 Mercator had a stroke which left him paralyzed on his left side. He slowly recovered but suffered frustration at his inability to continue making maps. By 1592, he recovered enough that he was able to work again but by that time he was losing his vision. He had a second stroke near the end of 1593, after which he briefly lost speech. He recovered some power of speech before a third stroke marked his end. Following Mercator's death his descendants, particularly his youngest son Rumold (1541 - December 31, 1599) completed many of his maps and in 1595, published hisAtlas. Nonetheless, lacking their father's drive and genius, the firm but languished under heavy competition from Abraham Ortelius. It was not until Mercator's plates were purchased and republished (Mercator / Hondius) by Henricus Hondius II (1597 - 1651) and Jan Jansson (1588 - 1664) that his position as the preeminent cartographer of the age was re-established. Jodocus Hondius (October, 14 1563 - February 12, 1612) was an important Dutch cartographer active in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. His common name, Jodocus Hondius is actually a Latinized version of his Dutch name, Joost de Hondt. He is also sometimes referred to as Jodocus Hondius the Elder to distinguish him from his sons. Hondius was a Flemish artist, engraver, and cartographer. He is best known for his early maps of the New World and Europe, for re-establishing the reputation of the work of Gerard Mercator, and for his portraits of Francis Drake. Hondius was born and raised in Ghent. In his early years he established himself as an engraver, instrument maker and globe maker. In 1584 he moved to London to escape religious difficulties in Flanders. During his stay in England, Hondius was instrumental in publicizing the work of Francis Drake, who had made a circumnavigation of the world in the late 1570s. In particular, in 1589 Hondius produced a now famous map of the cove of New Albion, where Drake briefly established a settlement on the west coast of North America. Hondius' map was based on journal and eyewitness accounts of the trip and has long fueled speculation about the precise location of Drake's landing, which has not yet been firmly established by historians. Hondius is also thought to be the artist of several well-known portraits of Drake that are now in the National Portrait Gallery in London. In 1593, Hondius returned to Amsterdam, where he remained until the end of his life. In 1604, he purchased the plates of Gerard Mercator'sAtlasfrom Mercator's grandson. Mercator's work had languished in comparison to the rival atlas,Theatrum Orbis Terrarumby Ortelius. Hondius republished Mercator's work with 36 additional maps, including several which he himself produced. Despite the addition of his own contributions, Hondius recognizing the prestige of Mercator's name, gave Mercator full credit as the author of the work, listing himself as the publisher. Hondius' new edition of Mercator revived the great cartographer's reputation and was a great success, selling out after a year. Hondius later published a second edition, as well as a pocket version called theAtlas Minor. The maps have since become known as the "Mercator/Hondius series". Between 1605 and 1610 Hondius was employed by John Speed to engrave the plates for Speed'sThe Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine. Following Hondius' death in 1612, his publishing work in Amsterdam was continued by his widow and two sons, Jodocus II and Henricus. Later his family formed a partnership with Jan Jansson, whose name appears on theAtlasas co-publisher after 1633. Eventually, starting with the first 1606 edition in Latin, about 50 editions of the Atlas were released in the main European languages. In the Islamic world, the atlas was partially translated by the Turkish scholar Katip Çelebi. The series is sometimes called the 'Mercator/Hondius/Jansson' series because of Jansson's later contributions. Hondius' is also credited with a number of important cartographic innovations including the introduction of decorative map borders and contributions to the evolution of 17th century Dutch wall maps. The work of Hondius was essential to the establishment Amsterdam as the center of cartography in Europe in the 17th century. HYPERBOREA was a fabulous realm of eternal spring located in the far north beyond the home of the north wind. Its people were a blessed, long-lived race untouched by war, hard toil and the ravages of old age and disease. Hyperborea was usually described as a continent-bound land bordered on the north by the great, earth-encircling river Okeanos (Oceanus), and on the south the peaks of the legendary Rhipaion (Rhipaean) Mountains. Its main river was the Eridanos whose banks were lined with amber-weeping poplar-trees and its waters home to flocks of white swans. Blessed with eternal spring, the land producing two crops of grain per year, but most of the countryside was wild and covered with beautiful forests--the so-called "garden of Apollon." The southern border of Hyperborea was guarded by the bitterly cold peaks of the impassable Rhipaion (Rhipaean) mountains--home to Boreas (the North Wind) whose chill breath brought winter to the lands of the south. Its peaks were inhabited by gold-guarding Grypes (Griffins) and its valleys by the fierce, one-eyed Arimaspoi tribe. Beneath the southern slopes lay Pterophoros--a desolate, snow-covered land cursed with eternal winter. Hyperborea was a theocracy ruled by three priests of the god Apollon. These gigantic kings, known as the Boreades, were sons of Boreas (the North Wind). Their capital contained a circular temple dedicated to the god where hecatombs (a hundred-head) of asses were sacrificed in his honour. The people also celebrated their god in an eternal festival of music, song and dance whose hymns were joined by the sweet song of the circling Hyperborean swans. The realm plays a role in several myths. Phaethon tried to drive the chariot of the sun but lost control and was struck down by Zeus, sending his flaming body plummeting into the Hyperborean river Eridanos. His mourning sisters, the Heliades, were afterwards transformed into amber-shedding poplar trees on its banks, and his grief-stricken friend Kyknos (Cycnus) into a swan. Elderly Hyperboreans commemorated the event by leaping into the lake formed by Phaethon's fall to be transformed into white swans. Perseus later travelled to Hyperborea and was entertained by its folk when he was searching for the Nymphs who guarded the treasures of the gods, or else the Graiai--swan-bodied hags who could reveal the location of Medousa. Perseus' descendant Herakles made the same journey on two separate occassions. The first time was in his quest for the golden-horned deer of Artemis which fled north during the chase. The second time he sought Atlas and the golden apples of Hesperides. Another body of stories describes Hyperboreans as pilgrim-founders of several important Greek shrines. The Delians told a tale of how the pregnant goddess Leto came to the island from Hyperborea accompanied by a pack of wolves where she gave birth to Apollon with the assistance of Eileithyia who was summoned from the northern realm to further the labour. After this event, the Hyperboreans sent pilgrims to the island--five men and several maiden-priestesses. However, after several of the maidens were either raped or killed, the Hyperboreans ended the pilgrimage and instead delivered their offerings indirectly through neighbouring tribes and peoples. The next major shrine connected with the Hyperboreans was the oracle of Apollon at Delphoi. The second of the early, mythical temples of the shrine was said to have been built by Hyperborean pilgrims out of beeswax and feathers. When the army of the Gauls tried to seize the temple in historical times, phantoms of these prophets were said to have appeared on the battlefield, routing the army. Finally they appear in the myths of the founding of the Olympic Games. It was said that when Herakles--either the Daktylos or the son of Zeus--established the festival in honour of Zeus he made a pilgrimage to Hyperborea to obtain sacred wild olives for the shrine. The most famous prophet of the Hyperboreans was probably Abaris who was given a magical arrow by the god Apollon on which he flew around the world performing miracles. Some say this arrow was the one which Apollon had used to slay the Kyklopes (Cyclopes) which had been hidden beneath a Hyperborean mountain. Hyperborean Albion Timeline The Albion is the androgynous human template created from the twelve spheres of the Tree of Life which, during the fall of humankind, became buried in the lower dimensional fields of the earth, waiting to be awakened. This elemental structure of the primordial human template is located in the earth body, and is made from the Original Cosmic Blueprint. This original blueprint records the divine plan for humanities ascension to the diamond sun body, and holds the celestial records of humankind’s evolution throughout the Solar System. The Awakening Albion occurs in progressive stages, and the recent constellation transmissions are intelligently designed to stimulate the higher mind activation throughout the Albion body in the earth. This gently accelerates the shift in the mental body of the earth to reflect the higher mind consciousness which is reflected in the sequential stages of Awakening Albion. Recent transmissions that have activated in the planetary body open to communicate with the Silver Gate, the intersection gateway located in-between the Taurus and Gemini constellations. The states of evolution are related to the Universal Laws of Alchemy, which are transmitted from the Galactic Zodiac constellations. These transmissions move through the Sun to earth, as we move through the annual ecliptic. The stages in the Galactic Zodiac represent moving human consciousness evolution through the process of Spiritual Ascension, the process of humanity undergoing the spiritualization of the matter world. As we expand consciousness, we are connected to the Albion body, which acts as the consciousness representative of the entire human species, healing and integrating the 12 Tribes. As we awaken to our spiritual nature and oneness, we are contributing to the collective Awakening of Albion. The Krystic Avatars come to the earth through the Sirius B portal, and these Ancient Builder Races were the original engineers of many of the planetary grid networks, stone megaliths, dolmens, and many other geomantic structures found on the earth. Many of these geomantic structures exist in the parallel earth or in the higher realms of the future earth, such as 7D Gaia. We are in the process of descending many of these higher timelines, and the future architecture and instruction sets into the earth plane during this time. This is to activate previously dormant or inactive geomantic structures to be able to run and exchange living life current. and run the blue plasma fields. These are called chalice formations in the planetary grid. Chalice formations bring support to the earth and the local inhabitants, who can be replenished with this quality of blue plasma and vital life force. The Templar The planetary grid network is a living consciousness matrix that is encoded with the blueprint or original instruction set for the divine plan of humanities spiritual evolution. Much of our mission as Starseeds is to extract the alien machinery and fallen entities which obstruct, siphon or damage the energies in the planetary grid system. Deeply hidden in the organic matrix of our planet is the mirror image of the cosmic projection of our Galaxy of Stars, which is the multidimensional hologram of the Cosmos. When we are describing planetary grid work, we are describing the consciousness body (holographic geography) which is representing the map of the Galaxy on earth. When we consciously understand this interplay, we can help support consciousness evolution by dedicating ourselves as conduits to express the divine plan for planet earth. We currently refer to this level of participation or conduit, as a planetary gridworker. Over the ages the spiritual science of gridworking has also been referred to as the “Templar”. Templar defines a person who comprehends planetary architecture, and the math behind the geometries of earth consciousness that is built in the geomantic structures. Templars can sense how the spiritual-energy current moves in the earth and how to create or work with the geomantic structures to help increase or direct that energy for the greater good of the whole planet. Hyperborean Albion The Hyperboreans are the Root Races from 7th dimensional Earth known as Gaia. Hyperboreans are important, because this was the timeline of the original trauma of the "fall" that happened to the human race. This is where the split in time occurred and this is when the Moon was brought to the planet, as its companion satellite to manage the gravitational field. As a result, many of us on the earth will feel the pain of the separation created during the timeline of the fall from divinity, that marked the begininng of the dark age for humanity. The Hyperborean period on Gaia was humanities Golden Age. This level of monadic identity was fully connected and fully embodied in Christ Consciousness. When the electric wars happened to the Hyperboreans, they were split apart from their higher spiritual counterparts in Polaris. On the 7D Gaian body, which is the monadic body of the planet Earth, the Hyperboreans existed as a part of the history of seedings in the human root race cycles. Currently that consciousness memory from the Hyperborean timelnes has an access point made in the earth timelines, in the northern part of our planet in the United Kingdom. When these timelines open and bleed through into this reality, they interfere with the reversal networks that are running in that ley line system. With the latest transmission of Galactic Law, the planet is intersecting with the Hyperboreans timelines in the 7th dimension, which are the original histories of humanities fall from the Edenic state. The current Aeonic Pairs (hierogamic unions) are being taken out of the dimensional door of Transtime continuum (TTC) to experience the infinite space of God Worlds, in order to bring back that specific future timeline memory to this density of earth. The Albion body contains the collective memory record of the human experience in the 7D timelines on Gaia. The divine plan is to find and locate the pieces of the Albion body, which awaken the World Soul through the Galactic Zodiac and star transmissions. Ultimately, this integrates all the broken mirrors of consciousness back into the Albion body which then unites with the Cathar Body of Mother. This is the Alchemical Wedding of the masculine and feminine principle, which is the marriage of spirit and matter on the earth in this ascending timeline. As we expand our consciousness, our spiritual mission is to facilitate the preparations for this sacred union of the Albion and Cathar bodies, as we bring our witness to the ceremony that takes place during the Alchemical Wedding. The Alchemical Wedding is also called Hieros Gamos or hierogamy. The Albion body has consciousness centers that make up entire sections of his body which represent principles recorded in the earth to expand solar consciousness and beyond. When the Albion body is asleep, it exists in states of unconsciousness and generates darkness, understood as the dead light of the Luciferian consciousness. To Awaken Albion is also to rehabilitate the unconsciousness of the Luciferian forces (Fallen Angelics) on earth, to the self-realized higher consciousness of the Krystic Self in the Diamond Sun DNA that recognizes it is one with all things. Albion Code and Cathar Code The Albion is in the planetary body as a sphere and it is the exact replica of an original 12 strand DNA human, the first expression of a human being that is recorded within the planetary body. The Albion is comprised of the architecture of the Universal Law of Structure that manifests as the divine human body in the Universal Tree of Life. The Albion is within the core manifestation template of the human body, and the actual shape of that body is referred to as the Albion. The Albion is masculine in its principle, although it is genderless, it is a manifestation of the Law of Structure governed by the Cosmic Logos. The Albion exists as a cell in the body of the Solar Logos. Each of us exist as a cell in the planetary body. The planetary body is made in the image of the Albion, as it is connected to the 12 Strand DNA silicate matrix body. Each of the twelve spheres in the Tree of Life represents a part of the consciousness of the auric egg that makes up the Lightbody. The auric egg contains color waves within the spheres and these are known as the Cathar, which is the feminine principle. The Albion and the Cathar, represent the Holy Father and Holy Mother Principle united, as the Hieros Gamos, or the risen Christos-Sophia made manifest through the corrected or resurrected Albion. The Cathar is the mother principle of the sound, tone, music, and colors that fill in the Albion spherical architecture. The Cathar is the Holy Mother’s body which is the color tonal wave spectrum, and the living life code of the breathing Holy Spirit. The Cathar is Mother’s creation code, as the Albion is Father’s creation code, and both have to interact and interconnect in sacred marriage to birth the Christos-Sophia. As they unite in hierogamic union, Mother’s sound tones and Holy Spirit can bring color waves into the base template of the Albion architecture. This sacred union generates new balanced creations throughout the matter worlds, as matter becomes spiritualized through the animating force of the Holy Spirit. An Arctic Timeline : 1496-1962 The exploration of the North has extended over five hundred years and rather than finding a northwest passage to the eastern trade, it discovered a great fur trade and valuable fisheries, and even great oil fields. Early crews were often separated from their homes for years and some never returned. While hopes of finding a northwest passage was the initial objective, the ice conditions discouraged expectations of success. In the past, the problems of reaching the North Pole have been subordinate to the hope of finding, via that route, a water way to the east, and though the early north polar attempts failed in their main purpose, they resulted in the discovery of new lands and industries. Traveling in vulnerable wooden ships first powered only by sails, they gradually changed to powerful new and innovative vehicles and a commercial trade in the north was established. But even from the beginning of polar exploration the ships that sailed with orders to attain the North Pole have been in number and importance the exception, not the rule. Attempts to reach the North Pole itself followed using stronger ships with newer designs as a base for the dashes to the almost mythical prize. Balloons and the new dirigibles were tried, followed by airships and submarines. When the Pole itself was finally reached, it proved to be a vain goal since it was just a point on the ice above a moving body of water. The oceans of the Arctic basin and the frozen lands around it are now recognized as important study areas, and over the years virtually all exploration parties became directed toward studies of some kind. 1496: Henry VII granted "Letters patent" to John Cabot and his three sons to make voyages of discovery in "northern, eastern or western seas." The original charts and manuscripts of John Cabot and his son Sebastian have, for the most part, disappeared. 1576: Martin Frobisher's first voyage. An attempt would be made to reach Cathay through a passage to the northwest. Vessels used were two small barks, MICHAEL and GABRIEL. Frobisher, aboard the GABRIEL, crossed (now) Davis Strait between Greenland and (now) Baffin Island. They explored the vicinity of (now) Frobisher's Bay. They encountered Inuit, described as being "like to Tartars, with long blacke haire, broad faces and flatte noses and tawnie in colour, wearing Seale skinnes, and so doe the women, not differing in the fashion, but the women are marked in the face with blewe streekes downe the cheekes, and round about the eyes." On this first expedition, a rock was picked up as a souvenir in Frobisher's Bay and upon the expedition's return, the rock was assayed and said to contain gold. 1577: Martin Frobisher's second voyage to (now) Frobisher's Bay, under the auspices of the Cathay Company. The expedition was to continue the search for the Northwest Passage and to mine more of the 'gold'-bearing ore discovered the year before. The expedition remained in the bay for five weeks from 17 July to 23 August 1577 and mined about 200 tons of the ore. The AYDE, MICHAEL and GABRIEL returned to England, bringing an Eskimo man (Kalicho), woman (Arnaq) and child (Nutaaq) to Bristol. The man and woman died and were buried at St. Stephen's Church while the child died in London and was buried at St. Olaves, Hart Street. 1578: Martin Frobisher's third voyage to the Arctic. Commanding the AYDE, Frobisher led a fleet of fifteen vessels to (now) Frobisher's Bay. Over 100 miners from Cornwall and the Forest of Dean were to form a wintering party on a small island under the leadership of Captain Edward Fenton. Poor weather prevented the fleet from keeping together. Frobisher, together with several other vessels, sailed up what he called the "Mistaken Straightes," now called Hudson Strait. Most of the fleet was eventually reunited in the region where 1200 tons of "black ore" was extracted and loaded onto the ships. Upon their return to England, the ore proved to be worthless and the Cathay Company went bankrupt. Frobisher did not return to the Arctic but did retrieve his reputation firstly with Drake in the West Indies and later by his conduct as one of the main commanders of the English fleet that defeated the Spanish Armada of 1588. 1585: John Davis's first voyage in search of the Northwest Passage. The expedition, aboard the two small vessels SUNSHINE and MOONSHINE, made its first northern landfall on the east coast of Greenland. They sailed across (now) Davis Strait to (now) Baffin Island. They came ashore at (now) Cumberland Sound where two sledges were discovered "made like ours in Englande." Despite signs of inhabitants, none were encountered. 1586: John Davis's second voyage to the Arctic. The vessels MERMAID, SUNSHINE, MOONSHINE and pinnace NORTH STAR sailed up the west coast of Greenland and encountered the "people of the country" in the vicinity of Gilbert Sound, later named Godthaab Fiord. In August, they sailed westwards from Greenland, finding land on southeast Baffin Island. Two of the ship's company were surprised and killed by the "Savages" ashore. 1587: John Davis's third voyage toward the Northwest Passage. Sailing aboard the barks SUNSHINE, ELIZABETH and the pinnace ELLEN, Davis and his crews traveled up the west coast of Greenland, trading with the Greenlanders as they went. After reaching the relatively high latitude of 72° 12' North, Davis turned to the west and sighted Cumberland Sound on Baffin Island which he discovered on his first voyage. They coasted the south shore of Cumberland Sound and re-entered Davis Strait in latitude 64° North. They continued south with the Labrador current, passing a "very great gulfe" which was no doubt Hudson Strait. Upon reaching the vicinity of Labrador, they set sail across the Atlantic for Dartmouth. 1602: George Waymouth, sent by the East India Company, may have proceeded along Hudson Strait for a good distance. His vessel, DISCOVERY, is one of the earliest of a line of exploring ships bearing that name. 1610: Henry Hudson, aboard DISCOVERY, sailed westward for 450 miles through a long strait and into a great bay, both of which now bear Hudson's name. Hudson turned south and the vessel was forced to winter at the southern end of the bay because of ice. They escaped from the ice in June 1611 but soon afterwards a mutiny took place after which Hudson, his son, the sick and the Hudson loyalists were all set adrift in a boat. They were never seen again. Two of the mutineers were killed by the Eskimos at the western end of Hudson Strait while many others died on the voyage home. Stories related by the survivors were believable so all were left unpunished. 1611: Thomas Button sailed on the RESOLUTION, with the DISCOVERY in company. This voyage was to follow-up Hudson's discoveries. Two of the mutineers on Hudson's expedition, Prickett and Bylot, were among the ship's company. Part of the west coast of Hudson Bay was charted and Port Nelson, where they wintered-over, was named after one of the mates who was buried there. The RESOLUTION was crushed by the ice and sank. The DISCOVERY sailed north to what was called Sir Thomas Roe's Welcome, between Southampton Island and the east coast of America, before turning for England. A considerable length of coastline was charted on this expedition. It was also determined that no westward passage from Hudson Bay existed. 1615: Robert Bylot and William Baffin, in the DISCOVERY, sailed through Hudson Strait but found no passage northward through what became known as Frozen Strait. 1619-20: Backed by the King of Denmark, Jens Munk fails to discover the Northwest Passage. His two ships wintered near the site of the later Hudson's Bay Company post, Fort Prince of Wales, on the Churchill River. 1631-32: Two independent voyages are made through Hudson Strait and into Hudson Bay in a further attempt to find a northwest passage through this route. Captain Thomas James commanded the HENRIETTA MARIA while Captain Luke Foxe commanded the CHARLES. James Bay, at the head of Hudson Bay, and Foxe's Channel were named after the two captains. 1668: The small vessel NONSUCH sails from London through the Hudson Strait and into Hudson Bay. Her voyage opens a sea route for trade in furs with the local Indians. 1670: By royal charter, incorporation of the Hudson's Bay Company is established. King Charles II appoints his nephew, Prince Rupert, their Governor and grants the "sole trade and commerce of all those Seas Streightes Bayes Rivers Lakes Creekes and Soundes in whatsoever latitude they shall bee that lye within the entrance of the Streightes commonly called Hudson's Streightes, together with all the Landes and Territorys upon the Countryes Coasts and confynes of the Seas Bayes Lakes Rivers Creekes and Soundes aforesaid that are not actually possessed by or granted to any of our Subjectes or possessed by the Subjectes of any other Christian Prince or State." The vast territory, to be known as Rupert's Land, would comprise nearly 40% of modern Canada. Three wooden forts are built on James Bay in 1685. 1719: Provisioned by the Hudson's Bay Company, elderly Captain James Knight leads two ships in search of "minerals and to traverse the 'Strait of Anian.'" This was a mythical strait attributed to unreliable charts and globes of the time. They departed from Gravesend on the lower Thames in June 1719 and were never seen again. 1741-42: Commanded by Captain Christopher Middleton, the FURNACE and DISCOVERY sail for Hudson's Bay on June 8, 1741. The vessels winter at Sloop Cove, between the Hudson's Bay Company's fort, named after the Prince of Wales, and the recently vacated Old Factory on the Churchill River. The expedition set sail the following year towards the north where they navigated the uncharted and ice-infested waters of Sir Thomas Roe's Welcome (now Roe's Welcome Sound), between the west coast of Southampton Island and the east coast of North America. They reach a deep bay whose upper reaches touch the Arctic Circle. Middleton names it Repulse Bay as there was no passage there. 1746-47: An attempt to find the Northwest Passage is privately organized by Arthur Dobbs, a member of the Irish House of Commons. The expedition is supported by a group of merchants who form the North West Committee. Commanded by William Moor in the DOBBS and Francis Smith in the CALIFORNIA, the expedition "carried out some useful exploration in difficult conditions, but ... every move, it seemed was dogged by disagreement, ineptitude and controversy." 1770-72: On behalf of the Hudson's Bay Company, the Governor of Fort Prince of Wales, Moses Norton, instructs Samuel Hearne to find and trace the Coppermine River to ascertain whether or not a route exists from Hudson Bay to the Pacific Ocean via the continent of North America. According to the Orders and Instructions, Hearne is "to trace to the mouth, and there determine the latitude and longitude as near as you can; but more particularly so, if you find it navigable, and that a settlement can be made there with any degree of safety, or benefit to the Company." Hearne was accompanied by a group of Northern (Chipewyan) Indians, led by a chief named Matonabbee. The successful journey departed on December 7, 1770 with the women carrying heavy loads together with their infants. Meanwhile, the men hunted and sometimes ate while the women went hungry. They reached the Coppermine River on July 14, 1771 but found the river too dangerous to navigate. On July 17 they surprised a group of Inuit fishing on the river. The Chipewyan Indians showed no mercy towards the Inuit, massacring them and destroying their tents, kettles and every other provision necessary to sustain life in this harsh environment. Shortly after the massacre, Hearne reaches the mouth of the river. He found the vicinity "full of islands and shoals" with unbroken sea ice off in the distance. The tide was out so the water tasted fresh but the bones of whales and sealskins at the Eskimo encampment convinced him that he had reached the "Northern Ocean." As a consequence, he became the first European to accomplish this feat. The significance of this expedition was to prove that no passage existed through the American continent south of the Arctic Circle. 1776-80: Captain James Cook's third voyage of discovery, commanding HMS RESOLUTION and HMS DISCOVERY, with the object of finding the Northwest Passage via the Pacific Ocean. Unfortunately, "armchair cartographers" had drawn their maps and charts from theory, rather than surveys, which frustrated Cook and his officers while coasting southern Alaska. Cook's ships penetrated as far as Icy Cape on the coast of Alaska. This route into the Arctic, forged by the RESOLUTION and DISCOVERY, would later be taken by the ships of the Royal Navy. 1789: Alexander Mackenzie, a young partner in the North West Company, is driven by the need for a trading route to the Pacific after being displaced from the vicinity of Detroit due to the American Revolution. Mackenzie is accompanied by four French Canadian voyageurs, a Chipewyan Indian by the name of "English Chief," a number of Indian's wives and a young German, John Steinbruck. The expedition departs from Fort Chipewyan, on the southern shore of Lake Athabasca, on June 3, 1789. They reach a great river (subsequently named after Mackenzie), extending northward from the Great Slave Lake. The river is followed all the way to the Arctic Ocean which is reached on July 14, 1789, the same date as the outbreak of the French Revolution. 1792-94: Captain George Vancouver explores and surveys the northwest coast of America. It is subsequently proven that no navigable waterway exists between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans in temperate latitudes. 1817: William Scoresby, a young whaling captain and son of William Scoresby, Sr., inventor of the crow's nest, makes a voyage to Greenland where he finds "2000 square leagues of the surface of the Greenland Sea, between the parallels of 74° and 80° North, perfectly void of ice which is usually covered with it." 1818: In command of the ISABELLA, John Ross makes his first voyage in search of the Northwest Passage. Lt. Edward Parry, second in command, accompanies Ross in the ALEXANDER. Astronomer on the expedition is Captain Edward Sabine. They turn back at Lancaster Sound. 1819: In command of the DORTHEA, David Buchan seeks the North Pole via Spitzbergen. Lt. John Franklin is second in command aboard the TRENT. 1819-20: In command of the HECLA, William Edward Parry leads his first expedition in search of the Northwest Passage. Lt. Matthew Liddon is second in command aboard the GRIPER. A Parliamentary Act passed in 1818 "authorized the [payment of] ... five thousand pounds to the officers and men of the first ship to cross the 110th meridian of west longitude to the north of America by sailing within the Arctic Circle." Parry was the first to qualify when they proceeded westwards along what is now called Parry Channel, passing 110° West longitude in September 1819. They subsequently reach and name Melville Island after the First Lord of the Admiralty. 1819-21: In conjunction with Edward Parry's voyage, John Franklin leads his first overland expedition to Point Turnagain, in search of the Northwest Passage. The expedition ends in disaster with eleven members of the expedition losing their lives. 1821-23: In command of the FURY, Edward Parry leads his second voyage in search of the Northwest Passage. Second in command is George Lyon aboard the HECLA. The ice master of the HECLA dies of scurvy. 1824-25: Once again HECLA and FURY sail north under Edward Parry's command in search of the Northwest Passage. This, Parry's third voyage, would prove to be his final voyage to the Canadian Arctic. The FURY is grounded during a storm on July 30, 1825 and subsequently abandoned on Fury Beach at Somerset Island. 1825-27: John Franklin's second land expedition to the mouth of the Coppermine River. Together with John Richardson, he explores and maps more than a thousand miles of coastline from Coronation Gulf to Icy Cape, Alaska. 1827: On June 1, Edward Parry, aboard HECLA, leaves Spitzbergen on an attempt to reach the North Pole. Second in command is James Clark Ross. He reaches 82° 45' North and establishes a Farthest North that will stand for 50 years. 1825-28: The Admiralty dispatches BLOSSOM to the north Pacific. The expedition, under the command of F.W. Beechey, is instructed to await the emergence of Parry's HECLA and FURY into the north Pacific. Also anticipated is the arrival of Franklin's boats from his overland expedition. They reach Captain Cook's Icy Cape and proceed along the coast. Point Barrow is discovered and named after Sir John Barrow of the Admiralty, "to mark the progress of northern discovery on each side of the American continent which has been so perseveringly advocated by that distainguished member of our naval administration." 1829-33: John Ross's second expedition in search of the Northwest Passage. The expedition is privately sponsored by gin merchant Felix Booth. With the help of Eskimos, Ross and his crew survive through four Arctic winters. 1833: George Back, together with Richard King, leads an expedition to the Great Fish River in search of John Ross. 1837-39: A Hudson's Bay Company overland expedition is led by Peter Dease and Thomas Simpson. They survey most of the remaining unknown areas of the Northwest Passage. 1845-47: Tragedy befalls John Franklin and his men as he commands EREBUS and TERROR on a search for the Northwest Passage. Franklin is last seen by a whaling ship on June 25, 1845. Neither he nor any of the other 128 men would be seen alive again. Between 1848 and 1859 more than 50 expeditions are mounted to find him, with enormous sums of money spent on the search. The British Government spent approximately £675,000, Lady Franklin £35,000, the United States Government $150,000 and Henry Grinnell, president of the American Geographical Society, $100,000. 1848: The search for the Franklin expedition begins early in 1848. The First Lord of the Admiralty offers £10,000 to anyone who can merely discover what happened to Franklin and his lost ships, EREBUS and TERROR. The Admiralty proposed a 3-pronged attack from the east, west and south to find Franklin: two ships would enter the archipelago from the east by way of Lancaster Sound and Barrow Strait and then move west to Melville Island and Banks Land and then proceed south. (See James Clark Ross below). Two more ships would sail around Cape Horn hoping to rendezvous that July in Bering Strait to explore the western Arctic. (See Pullen below). Finally, a land expedition would travel to the Canadian northwest and follow the Mackenzie River north to the Arctic coast and then eastward along the rim of Wallaston Land and Victoria Land (See John Richardson below). It was expected that both of the naval expeditions would meet up with the land expedition. 1848-49: James Clark Ross, now at the end of his career, is instructed to follow Franklin's route through Barrow Strait and then south or southwest in search of the lost expedition. His two senior officers, Leopold M'Clintock and Robert McClure, will become Arctic heroes. The expedition ships, ENTERPRISE and INVESTIGATOR, are blocked by impassable ice north of Somerset Island. They are frozen in for eleven months at Port Leopold on the northwest tip of the island. They return to England, both officers and men having suffered badly from scurvy. Six of his company of sixty-four die on the expedition. 1848-51: John Richardson, at the age of sixty, leaves his family and embarks from Liverpool for North America in search of his old friend, John Franklin. Dr. John Rae is second in command of the overland expedition. After lodging together at Fort Confidence during the winter of 1848-49, Richardson returns to England, leaving Rae to follow the Mackenzie River to the Arctic coast and then explore eastward along the rim of Wallaston Land and Victoria Land. On Rae's third journey into the Arctic (now 1851), he proves that Wallaston Land and Victoria Lands are actually one and the same. Two fragments of wood are found that clearly came from a Royal Navy vessel. It would be years before anyone realized that they were most certainly from one of the Franklin expedition ships. 1848-51: Lt. W.J.S. Pullen commanding the expedition vessel HMS HERALD, together with the PLOVER and NANCY, reach Bering Strait. From here, he commands 5 small boats in an effort to go east, exploring the Arctic coastline to the Mackenzie Delta. 1850-55: Upon Ross's return from the Arctic in 1849, ENTERPRISE and INVESTIGATOR are overhauled and re-commissioned with Captain Richard Collinson commanding ENTERPRISE and Robert McClure, Collinson's junior officer, commanding INVESTIGATOR. Captain Kellett, in the PLOVER, is to accompany them as far as the Bering Strait. The ships become separated on the long voyage around Cape Horn into the western Pacific. McClure and INVESTIGATOR arrive first, but Collinson and ENTERPRISE arrive too late in the season to follow McClure into the strait. McClure enters the passage from the west, exploring the coastline and Banks Island. Trapped in the ice, they are forced to abandon ship at Mercy Bay on the north end of Banks Island. They would be rescued by Edward Belcher (see below) in 1853. By walking over the ice to Beechey Island, they technically become the first to complete the Northwest Passage. Meanwhile, after wintering in Hong Kong, Collinson joins the search. They explore along the coastline past the Mackenzie Delta, then turn north and explore the vicinity of Banks Island. The ENTERPRISE enters Prince of Wales Strait, which lies between Banks Island and Victoria Island, and at the Princess Royal Islands they discover that McClure had already been there. They proceed south and explore along the southern coastline of Victoria Island as far as Cambridge Bay, near King William Island, after which they retrace their course to England. IN 1850, ELEVEN SHIPS STRIKE OUT FOR LANCASTER SOUND AND THE EASTERN ARCTIC IN THE SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN: 1850-55: Ten vessels strike out for Lancaster Sound and the eastern Arctic in search of the Franklin Expedition. They all aimed to explore Wellington Channel, the northward-leading waterway between Cornwallis and Devon Islands. Captain Horatio T. Austin is in charge of an official four-ship Admiralty dispatch. The four vessels, RESOLUTE, ASSISTANCE, PIONEER and INTREPID, are later joined by six others: William Penny, a famous whaling captain, commands the LADY FRANKLIN and SOPHIA; the Hudson's Bay Company outfits the schooner FELIX and its supply ship NORTH STAR for Sir John Ross to command; American shipping magnate Henry Grinnell purchases ADVANCE and RESCUE, turns them over to the US Government who in turn places them under the command of Lieutenant Edwin De Haven. De Haven's chief medical officer is a sickly 29 year-old, Elisha Kent Kane, who would become the best known explorer of his time. The ten vessels were soon assembled at the vicinity of Beechey Island. Traces of white men wintering were everywhere, but no written records were discovered. The proof they were looking for eventually turned up when they discovered graves with inscriptions of three men from EREBUS and TERROR who had died that first winter. 1850: An eleventh ship, commanded by Charles Codrington Forsyth, leads a search for Franklin to the eastern Arctic. Privately funded by Lady Franklin, Forsyth commands Lady Franklin's own ship, PRINCE ALBERT, with instructions to head southward along the Prince Regent Inlet between Somerset and Baffin Islands. Unlike the Admiralty, Lady Franklin sensed that the solution to the whereabouts of her husband lay to the south of Lancaster Sound. 1851-52: William Kennedy, accompanied by Joseph-René Bellot, leads another search for Franklin. Lady Franklin privately funds the expedition. 1852-54: Sir Edward Belcher, a native of Nova Scotia and veteran of the War of 1812, leads a five-ship Admiralty expedition in search of Franklin, Collinson and McClure. Four ships would search in a two-pronged attack: ASSISTANCE and PIONEER were to search the Wellington Channel for traces of Franklin while RESOLUTE and INTREPID were to deposit supplies of provisions, fuel and clothing on Melville Island for Collinson and McClure. The store's ship, NORTH STAR, would remain at Beechey Island. Robert McClure is rescued at Mercy Bay, Banks Island, after having become separated from Collinson in ENTERPRISE in 1850. 1852: Edward A. Inglefield explores Smith and Jones Sounds. He returns to England with the false story that Greenland Eskimos had murdered Franklin. 1853-55: Elisha Kent Kane leads a second American expedition in search of Franklin. This would be a private venture funded once again by Henry Grinnell. The US Navy would supply the crew. The vessel used, ADVANCE, was from a previous expedition. The ship's doctor, a 21 year-old medical student, is Isaac Hayes. 1853-54: Dr. John Rae, sent by the Hudson's Bay Company to complete a coastal survey in the area of King William Land and Boothia, discovers relics of the Franklin Expedition in possession of the Eskimos. British authorities present him with the £10,000 reward for establishing the fate of the expedition. 1857-59: Lady Franklin finances another expedition in search of her husband. Francis Leopold M'Clintock commands Lady Franklin's yacht, the FOX, to Peel Sound, Prince Regent Inlet, Bellot Strait, King William Island and Montreal Island. Discoveries are made which confirm Dr. Rae's report of the fate of the expedition. 1860-61: Isaac Hayes, a despised rival of Charles Hall, leads an American expedition aboard the UNITED STATES in search of the legendary Open Polar Sea. He achieves nothing as his calculations were so inaccurate that they were never taken seriously. It was a painful journey, but the Open Polar Sea proved to be a myth. 1860-62: American Charles Francis Hall makes his first journey to the Arctic in a search for any survivors from the Franklin Expedition. He discovers relics from Frobisher, dating to 1576-77. 1864-69: Charles Hall makes his second journey to the Arctic. He lives and travels with the Eskimos by sledge across Rae Isthmus to King William Island where he finds artifacts from the Franklin Expedition. 1871-73: Charles Hall's third voyage to the Arctic, in search of the North Pole aboard POLARIS. Hall would die under mysterious circumstances in November 1871. On the return voyage, half the crew of the POLARIS are stranded on the ice in a storm and drift for six months before being rescued by whalers. 1875-76: The British Navy appoints George Nares to lead their last attempt at Arctic exploration. Nares's first mate, Albert Hastings Markham, is a distant cousin of Sir Clements Markham. Lt. Aldrich sets a new record by passing Edward Parry's 1827 Farthest North. 1875: A young Austrian scientist and naval lieutenant, Karl Weyprecht, discovers Franz Josef Land. 1878-80: Lt. Frederick Schwatka of the US Army, accompanied by Col. W H Gilder, Harry Klutschak and Frank Melms, sail on a whaling vessel to Chesterfield Inlet, northwest Hudson Bay, in 1878. They winter among the native people and then set off on an overland crossing for King William Island in April 1879. They discover a route to the island via the Lorillard and Hayes rivers, arriving at King William Island on June 5, 1879. Relics and skeletons from the Franklin Expedition are found. Eskimo reports lead them to believe that Todd Island, rather than Montreal Island, was where a number of the last survivors died. Others reached the mainland, to the west of Richardson Point, where a box of records in a boat appeared to have been opened and dispersed by the Eskimos. 1879-82: Lt. George Washington De Long, of the US Navy, is in command of the Jeannette Expedition. The ill-fated expedition searches for the North Pole from Siberia. The vessel foundered off the coast of Siberia, never to be heard from again. Pieces of the JEANNETTE began showing up on the coast of Greenland in 1884. 1882-83: The first International Polar Year is established. Eleven nations pledge to establish fifteen new observation stations in the Arctic and Antarctic. 1881-84: Adolphus Greely leads an American expedition into the Arctic. The Greely Expedition (a.k.a. the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition) would be the American's contribution to the International Polar Year. This would be the remotest of all stations, situated at Lady Franklin Bay on Ellesmere Island, where George Nares's second ship, DISCOVERY, had wintered in 1875-76. Twenty-four men and two Eskimos, all under command of the US Army, would carry out scientific observations. Karl Weyprecht would participate as chief scientist. A task of the expedition would be to try and reach the Pole, or at least surpass the British record, and plant the US flag on a new Farthest North. The expedition was a disaster unlike anything seen since the loss of John Franklin and his men. 1886: Robert Peary attempts to cross Greenland but fails. 1888: Fridtjof Nansen successfully completes the first Greenland crossing. 1891-92: Peary's first expedition to Greenland. 1893-95: Peary's second expedition to Greenland. 1893-95: A new Farthest North is established when Fridtjof Nansen and Otto Sverdrup, in the FRAM, drift across the Arctic Ocean. 1897: Salomon Andrée, aboard the balloon EAGLE, attempts to reach the North Pole. His two companions are 25 year-old Nils Strindberg and 27 year-old Knut Frænkel. They depart on July 11 and for the next three days they struggle to keep the balloon aloft. On the morning of July 14, "the balloon rose to a great height but we opened both valves and were down again ... We jumped out of the balloon." The men were now faced with the task of walking back to land. On October 1, "We heard a thunderous crash and water streamed into the hut and when [we] ... rushed out we found that our large floe had been splintered into a number of little floes and that one fissure had divided the floe just outside the wall of the hut." Four days later they took refuge on White Island, off the northeast coast of Spitzbergen. Twelve days after that, entries in their diaries cease. Their bodies would not be discovered until Dr. Gunnar Horn, in 1930, unexpectedly came upon their camp. The ice had preserved their bodies in a extraordinary manner. 1898-1902: Peary's third expedition to the Arctic. His plans to reach the North Pole end in failure. 1899-1900: The Duke of Abruzzi leads an expedition to reach the North Pole via Franz Josef Land. A new Farthest North is established by Lt. Cagni. 1901-02: The first Ziegler Expedition, led by Evelyn Baldwin. The expedition attempts to reach the North Pole via Norway but ends in failure. 1903-05: The second Ziegler Expedition is commanded by Anthony Fiala. The expedition embarks from Trondheim, Norway but ends in disaster with the loss of their ship AMERICA. 1903-05: Roald Amundsen successfully completes the first navigation of the Northwest Passage aboard GJØA. 1905-06: Peary's fourth attempt to reach the North Pole. His attempt only succeeds in establishing a new Farthest North. 1907-09: Frederick Cook's expedition to reach the North Pole. Cook makes a claim of having reached the Pole in April, 1908. 1908-09: Peary's fifth and final attempt to reach the North Pole. Peary's vessel, the ROOSEVELT, sets a record latitude for a ship under its own steam (82° 30' N). In March 1909, after wintering over at Cape Columbia, Peary returns to cable news from Indian Harbour, Labrador, that he had reached the Pole. The claim came just days after Frederick Cook made his claim of having reached the Pole a year earlier. 1918-24: Following Roald Amundsen's attainment of the South Pole in 1913, Amundsen planned an eight year polar drift through the Arctic. Amundsen returned to Norway from the Antarctic aboard FRAM whereupon he became successful in war construction. He then turned to the Arctic with a new boat, the MAUD, in 1918 to set out on his original polar drift plan. Amundsen designed the MAUD to resist the ice and drift over the Pole. It became locked in the ice from 1918 to 1924 without achieving its objective. 1925: The Amundsen-Ellsworth North Polar Flight. Roald Amundsen and his men take off in two Dornier-Wals seaplanes (N-24 and N-25) from Spitzbergen on May 25, planning to explore the area between Spitzbergen and the Pole for the first time. Their plan was to leave one of the planes at the Pole and fly on to Alaska. After eight hours of flying, they ran short of fuel and had to land on an ice floe, 136 nautical miles short of the Pole. After compacting snow and ice to form a runway, one of the planes manages to take off on June 15 but had to be aborted at sea near North Cape, Spitzbergen. The crew was rescued by a sailing ship. 1926: On May 8, Floyd Bennet and Richard Byrd ostensibly fly to the North Pole, being the first to do so. However, it was later determined to be an impossible task in the unpressurized Fokker tri-motor. Despite the controversy, Byrd received a ticker-tape parade when he returned to New York and also received the Congressional Medal of Honor. In 1979, Finn Ronne, one of Byrd's polar companions in the Antarctic, revealed that Byrd himself admitted to coming no closer than 150 miles of the Pole. 1926: On May 11, the dirigible NORGE, commanded by Umberto Nobile, embarks from Kings Harbour, Spitzbergen, on a flight for the Pole. This Amundsen-Ellsworth North Polar flight reaches the Pole in the early hours of May 12, Ellsworth's birthday. They fly on and land in Alaska at 8:30 p.m. local time on May 13 (May 14, 7:30 a.m. GMT). The quest for the North Pole has been accomplished. 1928: Umberto Nobile leads an all-Italian expedition to the North Pole aboard the dirigible ITALIA. On May 22 the flight to the Pole is made in record time. On the return flight, the ship had become heavily weighted with ice. The sun became clouded over, forcing them to fly low through the fog to determine their position. On May 25, they were flying low with a "bit of a list to bow" and falling rapidly when suddenly the airship crashed. Part of the pilot's cabin was ripped away, scattering men and equipment over the ice. Six men were carried away with the gondola, which was still attached to the gasbag, and were never heard from again. During the resulting search and rescue, Roald Amundsen and four companions are killed in a plane crash. 1928: George Hubert Wilkins, with famous Alaskan pilot Carl Ben Eielson, flies across the Polar Sea from Point Barrow, Alaska to Spitzbergen in 21 1/2 hours. 1932: On August 10, Hubert Wilkins leaves Norway for Spitzbergen waters in an attempt to cross the Arctic Ocean by submarine. The submarine, NAUTILUS, is a decrepit American vessel built in 1916-18 and chartered by the expedition for one dollar. They suffer a series of mechanical failures but were able to make a few short dives. The attempted voyage under the ice to the Pole ended in complete failure. 1958: The world's first nuclear powered submarine, USS NAUTILUS, becomes the first submarine to reach the North Pole. At 11:15 p.m. on August 3, USS NAUTILUS' second Commanding Officer, Commander William R. Anderson, USN, announced to his crew "For the world, Our Country, and the Navy - the North Pole." 1960: First transit of the Northwest Passage by submarine (USS SEADRAGON). 1962: First submerged transit of the Northwest Passage (eastward) by submarine (USS SKATE). Magnetic Stone Rupes Nigra Huge Magnetic Rock 180km In Diameter At North Pole https://rumble.com/v3e220t-magnetic-stone-rupes-nigra-huge-magnetic-rock-180km-in-diameter-at-north-po.html This Is A Very Rare And Top Secrets Real Video From M.I.R. Space Station of the North Pole Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio - Magnetic Stone The Rupes Nigra ("Black Rock") 1595 First Edition Mercator Map of the Arctic (1st Map of the North Pole) Hello my friends.

This video claims that historic cartographers knew about the landmass of Antarctica, which today, and for many millions of the years has been covered with thick ice sheets. The Piri Reis Map and the Philippe Buache maps were used as evidence by Charles Hapgood that the history and science of the south pole are wrong, and that there must have been an ancient civilisation that once mapped the lost continent and this knowledge was passed down through time. Well, as we’ve discussed, the Piri Reis Map is likely showing South America and the Philippe Buache map is hypothetical, as outlined by the cartographer himself. Neither map is evidence that Antarctica was ever ice free in human memory and certainly not evidence for a lost civilisation. But there is also a third map, known as the Orontius Finaeus Map of 1531 and here you can see a continent at the South Pole in all its glory. Those that promote this map as evidence for an ice-free Antarctica say it is at the correct scale, with key features as precise longitudes, which, if true, means it is a far better map of Antarctica than the famous Piri Reis map. So is it true? Did Orontius Finaeus show an ice-free Antarctica in 1531 and if so, how could this be? Watch the video to find out.

The indoctrination in elementary schools was real. Unbelievable amounts of time that teachers spent on teaching the heliocentric message in the mid 60's -early 80's. I remember even during 1st grade, about the time a child starts to read their first letters, the amount of propaganda films, slide projectors, maps, and globe models that conveniently found themselves sitting either right next to the teacher's desk, or conspicuously placed next to the classroom book shelves, and at the front of the room to perpetuate the visual imprinting. Everyone my age remembers the stories of ridicule concerning Christopher Columbus, how he was such a hero, not necessarily because he sailed the earth and supposedly discovered America, but because he bravely received criticism from everyone else in the world who branded him as a heretic for believing the earth was a sphere. I am a witness to the fact they spent more time in the early years of a child's life pushing heliocentrism, evolution, dinosaurs, missing links, and the possibility of alien life, than they spent in actually ensuring a child could read and do math upon their leaving their tutoring. One thing I have found common among many who have had their eyes opened... Testimonies of how the message of Biblical earth (flat earth) has thrust them into a spiritual path that either leads to either a deeper walk and conversations with God, a new fervor for studying His Word, and in many cases, people who don't even believe are finally led to belief and Salvation through Jesus Christ. What is very ironic too is... The message of flat or Biblical earth really makes people go insane, mad, hateful, and divides friends and family... Just like the Truth of God's Word. Is The Earth Flat Vs. Round Earth Vs. Black Knight Satellite Vs. Fermi Paradox? Here is my honest opinion on what I believe to be the actual shape of the Earth. This is only my opinion and what I believe. Flat-earthers believe one of the most curious conspiracy theories on the internet. Here's a look at what they believe and why. Flat Earth opinions about the moon vary. Some think that while Earth is flat, the moon and sun are spheres, Live Science's sister site Space.com reported. In this vision of the solar system, Earth's day and night cycle is explained by positing that the sun and moon are spheres measuring 32 miles (51 kilometers) that move in circles 3,000 miles (4,828 km) above the plane of the Earth. (Stars, they say, move in a plane 3,100 miles up.) Like spotlights, these celestial spheres illuminate different portions of the planet over a 24-hour cycle. Flat-earthers believe there must also be an invisible "antimoon" that obscures the moon during lunar eclipses. On YouTube, there are videos pointing to shadows in pictures of the moon and arguing that the moon is transparent, and thus just a light. One speaker at the 2018 conference attended by a Guardian reporter made a case for the moon as a projection. 81 Government & Affiliate Documents that admit Flat Earth It's A PDF Download. https://www.terre-plate.org/library/CIA%20NASA%20Documents/81%20Government%20_%20Affiliate%20Documents%20that%20admit%20Flat%20Earth-converted.pdf If a scientific conspiracy theory is funny, that doesn’t mean it’s a joke If flat-earthers seem hard to dissuade based on standard scientific evidence, there's a reason for that: flat Earth theorizing follows from a mode of thought called the "Zetetic Method." The Zetetic Method is an alternative to the scientific method, developed by a 19th-century flat-earther, in which sensory observations reign supreme. "Broadly, the method places a lot of emphasis on reconciling empiricism and rationalism, and making logical deductions based on empirical data," Flat Earth Society vice president Michael Wilmore, an Irishman, told Live Science in 2017. In Zetetic astronomy, the perception that Earth is flat leads to the deduction that it must actually be flat; the antimoon, NASA conspiracy and all the rest are just rationalizations for how that might work in practice. Those details make the flat-earthers' theory so elaborately absurd it sounds like a joke, but many of its supporters genuinely consider it a more plausible model of astronomy than the one found in textbooks. In short, they aren't kidding. "The question of belief and sincerity is one that comes up a lot," Wilmore said. "If I had to guess, I would probably say that at least some of our members see the Flat Earth Society and Flat Earth Theory as a kind of epistemological exercise, whether as a critique of the scientific method or as a kind of 'solipsism for beginners.' There are also probably some who thought the certificate would be kind of funny to have on their wall. That being said, I know many members personally, and I am fully convinced of their belief." Wilmore counts himself among the true believers. "My own convictions are a result of philosophical introspection and a considerable body of data that I have personally observed, and which I am still compiling," he said. Wilmore and the society's president Shenton both think the evidence for global warming is strong, despite much of this evidence coming from satellite data gathered by NASA, the kingpin of the "round Earth conspiracy." They also accept evolution and most other mainstream tenets of science. This is in contrast to Davidson, who disputes other scientific theories and findings, such as evolution, that contradict a strict interpretation of the Bible. Despite the claims from flat-earthers, there are plenty of ways to know that the world is round. One quick option is to check out NASA's image library, which is chock-full of nice, curvy pictures of the globe taken from the International Space Station. If NASA is hoaxing everyone, they're committed to the bit. Don't trust NASA? The Russians also snap pictures of the round Earth, Space.com reported. So does Japan's space agency. And China's. For the flat-earther convinced that all these countries put aside their political tensions in order to maintain the fiction of a spherical Earth, there are also ways to check on the planet's shape with one's own eyes. One of the simplest is to go to a harbor and watch the ships depart. As a ship disappears over the horizon, the bottom of the ship will go first, followed gradually by the mast. You can also take a page out of the ancient Greeks' book. Ancient Hellenistic philosophers figured out that the world had to be a globe based on a few observations. One was that the stars aren't the same in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres: From opposite halves of the Earth, you're clearly looking out at different quadrants of space. Another was that Earth's shadow on the moon's surface during lunar eclipses is curved. The Greeks even figured out how to calculate an approximate circumference of the Earth with no fancier tools than a stick and the light of the sun. By measuring the angle of a shadow cast by the sun at the same time and day in two cities a known distance apart, the philosopher Eratosthenes was able to calculate that the planet's circumference was between 24,000 and about 29,000 miles (38,600 and 46,670 kilometers). (It's actually 24,900 miles.) The very fact that the angle of the sun differs on different parts of the planet indicates that we're all sitting on a globe. As inconceivable as their belief system seems, it doesn't really surprise experts. She said all conspiracy theories share a basic thrust: They present an alternative theory about an important issue or event, and construct an (often) vague explanation for why someone is covering up that "true" version of events. "One of the major points of appeal is that they explain a big event but often without going into details," she said. "A lot of the power lies in the fact that they are vague." The self-assured way in which conspiracy theorists stick to their story imbues that story with special appeal. After all, flat-earthers are more adamant that the Earth is flat than most people are that the Earth is round (probably because the rest of us feel we have nothing to prove). "If you're faced with a minority viewpoint that is put forth in an intelligent, seemingly well-informed way, and when the proponents don't deviate from these strong opinions they have, they can be very influential. We call that minority influence. Five Impossible Facts That Would Have To Be True If The Earth Were Flat. From any one location on the surface of the Earth, it's impossible to tell what our planet's shape is. Having a single vantage point, even with a clear horizon, allows you to see a handful of miles (or kilometers) in any direction, but that can only allow you to place constraints. The Earth could be flat, or spherical, or in hydrostatic equilibrium, or egg-shaped, or irregular, and you wouldn't know. All that you can know, from a single location on our surface, is that the Earth is indistinguishable from flat beyond a certain degree. If the Earth is round, it must be quite large: more than a few hundred miles (or kilometers) in diameter. Of course, it actually is quite round: a near-perfect sphere, to better than 99% precision. If you leave Earth's surface, it's impossible not to see the true shape of the Earth, as it's been unavoidable since we first traveled high enough to observe our planet's curvature. From high altitudes, or even from space, the true shape of the Earth can easily be seen. Its dimensions can be measured; its radius of curvature in all directions can be calculated; the imperfections and departures from sphericity are directly observable by our instruments. If you travel far enough away from Earth, you can observe an entire hemisphere at once, even watching the planet rotate on its axis in real time. At right around 12,700 kilometers (7,900 miles) in diameter, our world is undoubtedly a sphere. But what if you had never been to space, or high enough up to see the Earth's curvature yourself? What if you had never circumnavigated the globe, done the Eratosthenes experiment, or heard about the Shaquille O'Neal experiment that anyone can perform? Believe it or not, there are still a number of simple observations you can make that wouldn't occur if the Earth were flat. Here are the top five simplest ones. 1.) Lunar Eclipses don't occur only at midnight. Take a look at the shape of the Earth's shadow during a lunar eclipse, particularly during a partial phase. Do you notice how the Earth's shadow always appears to be a piece of a near-perfect circle? If the Earth were a flat disk, that means there's only one possible orientation that the Sun-Earth-Moon alignment can take place in to create a circular (rather than elliptical) shadow: with the Earth's "disk" perpendicular to the Sun-Moon plane. This means the Sun would need to be at the "midnight" position relative to the night side of Earth, and yet lunar eclipses occur at all different times depending on where you are on Earth. The flat Earth can't explain that. 2.) Different locations on Earth experience seasons at different times. Ever notice how the summer in the United States corresponds to winter in Australia? Or how winter in Italy lines up with summer in Argentina? This is because the Sun's rays, which are almost perfectly parallel, strike Earth at different angles during different parts of the year. If the Earth were flat, the Sun's rays would always come in at the same angle, meaning that the USA, Australia, Italy, and Argentina would all experience the seasons the same exact way. The flat Earth idea can't explain this. 3.) Different stars are visible from different latitudes. Look up at the night sky from a very high (northern) latitude location, and you'll see the Big and Little Dippers, the bright orange giant Arcturus, and the Pleiades, among other sights. Yet if you head to the south pole, none of these celestial sights are visible, but you can see Alpha Centauri, the Magellanic Clouds, and the Southern Cross, all of which are never visible to most northern hemisphere skywatchers. If the Earth were flat, everyone on the night side of the Earth would see the same sky; this is another observation that the flat Earth can't account for. 4.) You cannot see Kawaikini from the peak of Mauna Kea. Mauna Kea, the highest peak in Hawaii (the summit of the Big Island), offers incredible views. With nothing but the ocean around it, and a few other nearby islands, you should be able to see extremely far away. The island of Kauai has the seventh highest point in the Hawaiian islands: the peak known as Kawaikini. If you were to draw a straight line from Mauna Kea (elevation: 13,796 ft.) to Kawaikini (elevation: 5226 ft.) it would span a distance of 303 miles. However, you cannot see one from the other, which you would absolutely be able to do if the Earth were flat. With a curved Earth of its measured radius, the line-of-sight limit for those two elevations caps out at 233 miles. Only with a curved Earth is one invisible from the other, and this is true for any two mountain peaks with clear line-of-sights from one to the other. 5.) Sunsets and sunrises happen at different times depending on your longitude. If the Earth were flat, then someone in New York and someone in Los Angeles would see the sun rise and set at exactly the same time as one another. But in practice, the difference is approximately three hours. Not only that, but at every point in between, the Sun rises/sets at a different time, something that could not happen if the Earth were flat. The fact that it can be evening in New York and late afternoon in Los Angeles, or morning in New York while it's still before dawn in Los Angeles, is something that a flat Earth can't account for. If the Earth were flat, these five phenomena would be very different, and yet they are so simple to verify that any flat Earth believer cannot possibly doubt their veracity. Whether it changes anyone's mind is up for debate, but without resorting to space, circumnavigation, or any advanced scientific experiments, you can experience a whole handful of phenomena that a flat Earth can't account for. With a flat Earth, we'd only get lunar eclipses at midnight, everywhere would have the same seasons, every location would see the same stars, all high mountain peaks would be visible from one another, and every place on your "side" of the Earth would see sunrise and sunset at the same time. Since these are false, so is the flat Earth. If this helps even one person challenge their belief that the Earth is flat, it's a remarkable win for knowledge. But don't bet on it. Like the old saying goes, you can't reason someone out of a position they didn't reason themselves into. Does the Bible prove that the Earth is round and not flat? Despite the many images of the Earth we have from space, theories about the Earth being flat continue to arise. By searching the Scriptures, you will not find proof that the Earth is round. Language in Scripture reflects the ancient Near East writers’ observations of the sun moving through its circuit in the sky (Ps. 19:6), of the sun rising and falling (Ps. 50:1; 113:3; Isa. 59:19; Mal. 1:11), and of the horizon being circular (Job 26:10). The role of Scripture is to reveal spiritual matters, not to argue for scientific fact. For this reason, Scripture does not mention many scientific discoveries. The Bible is for making us wise toward salvation to carry out the work of the gospel (2 Tim. 3:14–17). Believers must be people of truth (Prov. 12:19; Eph. 4:25); lying is a characteristic of those outside of Christ (1 Tim. 1:10; Titus 1:12; Rev. 21:8). As people of truth, in humility, we should tell people who debate over the spherical shape of the Earth that such an argument is unnecessary, for all related data points to the truth of a spherical Earth. When we encounter those who wish to argue, we should walk away and not argue with foolishness (Prov. 26:4–5). We can leave such persons to ponder the swirling of the water in their sinks and bathtubs—swirling that reverses direction when we cross the equator. https://samuel-lereah.com/articles/Physics/flat-vs-round-earth According to some UFO conspiracists, the Black Knight is an artificial satellite of extraterrestrial origin that has orbited Earth for approximately 13,000 years. However, this story is most likely a conflation of several disconnected stories about various objects and their interpretations, all of which have been well documented independently and none using the term Black Knight upon their first publication. The Black Knight's narrative is essential a recall of man previous stories, each with its own unique interpretation, all of which have been thoroughly recorded and studied by leading authorities. A photo taken during the STS-88 mission claimed by some to show the Black Knight satellite is catalogued by NASA as a photo of space debris, and space journalist James Oberg considers it as probable debris of a thermal blanket confirmed as lost during the mission. The claim that the black object is a satellite of extraterrestrial origin near Earth is false, according to NASA. The 'Black Knight' satellite: A hodgepodge of alien conspiracy theories It's a convoluted story that invokes Nikola Tesla, a spacewalker's fumble and more. Sometimes the introduction of a news report will stop you in your tracks, forcing you to reread in fear you didn't quite grasp its point the first time. That was certainly the case when Mail Online published a story on Mar. 21, 2017: "An alien satellite set up more than 12,000 years ago to spy on humans has been shot down by elite soldiers from the illuminati, UFO hunters claim." And with that, the conspiracy surrounding the so-called "Black Knight" satellite appeared to be very much alive. It's been more than 120 years, conspiracists believe, since the existence of the Black Knight was first recorded. Those who subscribe to the theory invoke an extraterrestrial spacecraft in near-polar orbit of Earth, although they draw upon pieces of evidence so disparate that it's not entirely clear why people link them. What it all amounts to is a strange brew that has spurred some folks to shout about cover-ups by NASA and other government entities. It's a legend that refuses to go away. A lot of the earliest discoveries that have been linked to the Black Knight satellite theory relate to radio signals. But a series of images from 1998 really threw the celestial cat among the pigeons. They were taken during STS-88, the first space shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS). There, for all to see, were images released by NASA that showed a black object hovering above our planet in low Earth orbit. And it wasn't long after the images were thrust in front of a hopeful public before people were performing some conspiratorial sums and sharing them with the wider world. By way of explanation, STS-88 astronaut Jerry Ross pointed out that the ISS was in the midst of being constructed when the images were taken. The U.S. team, he said, was on its way to attach the American module to the one created by the Russians and, as part of that work, they had taken four trunnion pin thermal covers with them. The task was to wrap these around four bare trunnion pins, these being rods that attached the module to the space shuttle Endeavour while it was being transported. This would act to prevent heat loss from the exposed metal. Unfortunately, during one of the spacewalks associated with this work, things went a little bit wrong: One of the covers came loose from its tether, causing it to float away along with some other items. "Jerry, one of the thermal covers got away from you," STS-88 commander Robert Cabana (who now serves as associate administrator of NASA) told Ross during the spacewalk, and it soon became apparent that the cover was lost for good. Subsequently captured on camera, this runaway black object was given the catalog number 025570 by NASA. A few days later, the item fell from orbit and burned up. Much of this information been placed on the record. Former NASA engineer James Oberg, who personally knows Ross and the person who took the photos, cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, has demonstrated that these supposed images of the Black Knight actually depict a very mundane object. "Before leaving NASA, I led the trajectory design team that produced the mission profile," Oberg told All About Space. "Every step of the way, there is consistency with what I learned as a lifelong spaceflight operations specialist: why the blankets were needed, why one of them came loose, why it floated off the way it did," he added. "The difference is, for the general public all these features are unearthly to folks who are only familiar with Earthside principles of heating, working, motion and dozens of other never-before-encountered-in-history aspects of outer space." Given Oberg's thorough debunking, you'd think the matter would have been put to bed long ago. But no. Since the images were shared far and wide, conspiracy theories have lingered. "They are probably some of the weirdest-looking 70-mm photos to ever come out of the space shuttle program," Oberg said. “And apparently a NASA website update made the original links inoperative, sparking concerns over a cover-up. All normal journalistic practices — determining the timeline, asking witnesses, searching for the wider context — were skipped." Conspiracists absorbed the STS-88 images into a growing body of "evidence," claiming they were proof that the Black Knight alien satellite really is out there. Reaching that conclusion, however, has required greats leaps of faith, and has also needed past observations to be forced into the overall story. Firm believers have had no problems going all the way back to 1899 in pursuit of such "truth," but, just like the photographic records, each piece of supposed evidence brought to the table so far has been explained just fine without falling back on the Black Knight myth. So what happened in 1899? Nikola Tesla began to record some very odd signals, seemingly from outer space. While in his barn-like laboratory in Colorado Springs that year, the genius Serbian-American inventor and electrical engineer noted some unusual radio signals and speculated they had come from an intelligent alien civilization. That's perhaps the least likely explanation, of course. Over the years, some people have speculated that Tesla may have detected emissions from a pulsar, a superdense, fast-spinning stellar corpse. But that's probably off the mark as well, scientists say. "The very first source of non-terrestrial radio waves was discovered in the 1930s, and that was from the center of our galaxy, which is the most powerful radio source in the sky at many frequencies," said Varoujan Gorjian, a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. "It wasn’t until the 1960s that the technology evolved to detect the first pulsars. If what Tesla detected was a real signal and not an artifact of his instrument, it most likely came from Earth." People continued to use Tesla's findings to bolster claims for the Black Knight. They also took on board the work of a Norwegian engineer called Jørgen Hals, who in the 1920s found that radio signals he transmitted were being echoed back to him a few seconds later. We now know these as long delayed echoes, and Hals was the first person to observe them. The fact that we don't have a confirmed explanation of their cause, however, has been seized upon: In 1973, Duncan Lunan wrote an article in Spaceflight magazine suggesting that people studying long delayed echoes had overlooked the possibility they were sent by an alien space probe. Lunan still has faith in an extraterrestrial explanation for the recordings. "The changes in the long distance echo patterns in apparent response to changes in the outgoing signals from Earth really do look like the responses of a Bracewell probe, and there is still no satisfactory natural explanation for the phenomenon," he said, referring to a hypothesized autonomous spacecraft designed to communicate with other civilizations. If the long distance echoes were deliberately produced by a probe, however, there's a problem in that they stopped in 1975. "If a probe was monitoring Earth, rather than trying to attract attention, perhaps it belatedly discovered from the 1973 to 1974 publicity that it had given away its presence in the 1920s and pulled out in 1975," Lunan said. "That's the only explanation I can see for its apparent departure." And yet, for all of that, Lunan said his research has nothing to do with the "Black Knight nonsense." If there is a link between his theory and the Black Knight, it is not one that is being made by him. The Black Knight conspiracy theory may be with us for a while yet, for there is growing public interest in unidentified flying objects (UFOs) — or, as the US military has recently rebranded them, unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP). This interest really began to surge in December 2017, when The New York Times published three videos captured by cameras aboard US Navy jets. The footage showed objects that appeared to maneuver in ways beyond the capabilities of known technology. That New York Times story also discussed the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), a previously secret US military project looking into UFOs. Politico and The Washington Post published their own pieces about AATIP around that same time, adding to the UFO momentum. AATIP officially lasted just from 2007 to 2012. But in 2020, the military announced a successor program called the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force, whose mission is "to detect, analyze and catalog UAPs that could potentially pose a threat to US national security." This is a very practical concern for military officials. For example, what if some of the mysterious objects are alarmingly advanced reconnaissance craft developed by adversary nations? So there is some real intrigue and mystery surrounding UFOs, some of which are difficult to explain. But that mystery does not extend to the Black Knight, a wayward thermal blanket that burned up in Earth's atmosphere more than two decades ago. Fermi Paradox: Where are the aliens? The Fermi Paradox seeks to answer the question of where the aliens are. Given that our solar system is quite young compared to the rest of the universe — roughly 4.5 billion years old, compared to 13.8 billion — and that interstellar travel might be fairly easy to achieve given enough time, Earth should have been visited by aliens already, the idea goes. The paradox takes its name from Nobel Prize-winning physicist Enrico Fermi, who supposedly made the above points during a casual lunchtime conversation in 1950. And the implications have had astrobiologists and other scientists scratching their heads in the decades since. "Fermi grasped that any civilization with a modest amount of rocket technology and an immodest amount of imperial incentive could rapidly colonize the entire galaxy," representatives of the Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute in Mountain View, California, wrote in a Fermi Paradox explainer. "Within a few tens of millions of years, every star system could be brought under the wing of empire. Tens of millions of years may sound like a long project, but in fact it’s quite short compared to the age of the galaxy, which is roughly a thousand times more." Fermi died in 1954, so exploration and explication of the idea fell to other people, such as Michael Hart, who wrote an article titled "An explanation for the absence of extraterrestrials on Earth" in the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) Quarterly Journal in 1975. (Some say this is the first such paper to explore the Fermi Paradox, although this claim is a bit hard to prove.) "We observe that no intelligent beings from outer space are now present on Earth," Hart wrote in the paper's abstract. "It is suggested that this fact can best be explained by the hypothesis that there are no other advanced civilizations in our galaxy." He noted, however, that more research in biochemistry, planetary formation and atmospheres was needed to better narrow down the answer. Hart argued that intelligent aliens could already have visited Earth at some point in our planet's history unless they started their journey less than two million years ago. He thought the apparent lack of such visits is most likely due to the lack of intelligent aliens. But he outlined four other potential explanations as well: Aliens never came here because of a physical difficulty "that makes space travel infeasible," which could be related to astronomy, biology or engineering. Aliens simply chose never to visit us. Advanced civilizations beyond Earth arose too recently for aliens to reach us. Aliens have visited Earth in the past, but we have not observed them. Frank Tipler, a professor of physics at Tulane University, followed up on Hart's argument in 1980 with a paper titled "Extraterrestrial intelligent beings do not exist," also published in the RAS Quarterly Journal. The bulk of his paper dealt with how to get resources for interstellar travel, which he suggested could be achieved by having some kind of self-replicating artificial intelligence move from star system to star system, creating copies of itself as it traveled. Since evidence of such advanced machinery has never been found on Earth, Tipler argued that we are likely the only intelligence out there. He also wrote in the 1980 paper that those who believe in extraterrestrial intelligence are similar to UFO (unidentified flying object) enthusiasts because both camps believe "we are going to be saved from ourselves by some miraculous interstellar intervention." Today, the topic of extraterrestrial intelligence is a popular one, with multiple papers appearing every year from different research groups. And the idea that advanced civilizations may exist beyond Earth has been buoyed by the ongoing exoplanet revolution. The universe is incredibly vast and old. Data gathered by a variety of telescopes show that the observable universe is about 92 billion light-years wide (and growing faster and faster all the while). And separate measurements indicate it is about 13.82 billion years old. So alien civilizations have had plenty of time to arise and spread — but they also likely must cross a vast cosmic gulf to get to us. When Fermi made his famous remark, the only planets scientists knew about were in our own solar system. But in 1992, astronomers spotted worlds circling a superdense stellar corpse known as a pulsar. And a few years later, the first exoplanet around a sunlike star was confirmed. There are now more than 5,000 confirmed exoplanets, with more being found every year. The sheer number of alien worlds suggests that life may be plentiful throughout the cosmos. Over time, with more advanced telescopes, scientists will be able to probe the chemical compositions of some nearby exoplanets' atmospheres. "Nearby" is a relative term, however; the closest known exoplanet, Proxima b, lies about 4.2 light-years away, which is roughly 25 trillion miles (40 trillion kilometers). The eventual goal is to understand how often rocky planets form in the "habitable zone" of their parent stars, which is traditionally defined as the range of orbital distances in which water can exist on a world's surface. Habitability isn't just about water, however. Other factors must be considered as well, such as the host star's activity and the planet's atmospheric composition. (And there are other reasons why the habitable zone, as traditionally defined, is increasingly viewed as overly simplistic. For example, icy moons in our own solar system, such as Jupiter's Europa and Saturn's Enceladus, lie far beyond the habitable zone and may still harbor life in their subsurface seas.) Such caveats notwithstanding, there does seem to be plenty of habitable real estate out there. For example, a November 2013 study using data from NASA's Kepler space telescope suggested that one in five sunlike stars has a roughly Earth-size planet orbiting in the habitable zone. A few months later, Kepler scientists released a "planet bonanza" of 715 newly discovered worlds. Many of these planets were confirmed using a new technique called "verification by multiplicity," which works partly on the logic of probability. (Objects seen to cross a star's face or tug at it gravitationally are more likely to be planets rather than companion stars, because a companion star at close proximity would likely destabilize the entire system over time.) Sunlike stars are the minority population in our galaxy, however; about three-quarters of Milky Way stars are small, dim burners known as red dwarfs. Astronomers have found multiple rocky worlds circling in the habitable zone of red dwarfs — Proxima b, for example, and three planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system, which lies about 39 light-years from Earth and harbors seven rocky worlds in total. But it's unclear how habitable such planets really are, because red dwarfs are incredibly volatile, especially in their youth. Stellar eruptions may therefore quickly blast away the nascent atmospheres of young "habitable zone" red dwarf planets, making it extremely difficult for life to get a foothold there. More study is required to better understand these stars and the ability of life to persist around them, scientists say. Researchers are getting more tools with which to do such work. For example, NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) launched successfully in April 2018 and soon picked up the baton from Kepler, which was retired late that same year. The agency's highly-anticipated, $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope, which is scheduled to launch in December 2021, will hunt for potential biosignature gases in the air of nearby exoplanets, among many other tasks. The European Space Agency's PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) mission is expected to launch in 2026. Three huge ground-based observatories powerful enough to sniff exoplanet air — the Extremely Large Telescope, the Giant Magellan Telescope and the Thirty-Meter Telescope — are scheduled to come online later this decade as well. And one highly ambitious project, known as Breakthrough Starshot, aims to study Proxima b and other nearby worlds up close with swarms of tiny, laser-sailing nanoprobes. If technology development goes well, the first such interstellar robotic craft could launch around 2050. Such missions and instruments will help scientists flesh out their understanding of astrobiology, which remains relatively primitive. For instance, we don't even know if there are life-hosting worlds in our own backyard. Studies here on Earth have shown that microbes can survive in extreme environments, suggesting that microbial life may well exist on Mars, Europa, Enceladus and/or the giant Saturn satellite Titan. But we haven't explored any of those worlds nearly well enough to know for sure. The Fermi Paradox is thinking much bigger than microbes, however. To solve it, we need to know not only how commonly life evolves on alien planets, but also how often it gains the ability, and the desire, to communicate with other intelligent lifeforms or go sailing among the stars. Related: 13 ways to hunt intelligent aliens The number of intelligent, detectable alien civilizations is estimated by the Drake Equation. In the words of the SETI Institute, the equation — written as "N = R* • fp • ne • fl • fi • fc • L" — has the following variables: "N: The number of civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy whose electromagnetic emissions are detectable. R*: The rate of formation of stars suitable for the development of intelligent life (number per year). fp: The fraction of those stars with planetary systems. ne: The number of planets, per solar system, with an environment suitable for life. fl: The fraction of suitable planets on which life actually appears. fi: The fraction of life bearing planets on which intelligent life emerges. fc: The fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that produces detectable signs of their existence. L: The average length of time such civilizations produce such signs (years)." None of these values are known with any certainty right now, which makes predictions difficult. So the Fermi Paradox is fertile ground for speculation, and scientists and laypeople have advanced literally hundreds of possible explanations over the years. These ideas run a very wide gamut. For example, in 2015, scientists analyzing data from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Kepler space telescope concluded that Earth was likely an early bloomer, relatively speaking. Just 8% of all the potentially habitable worlds that will ever exist in the universe were around when Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago, the researchers determined. So that's one possible explanation to the paradox: The aliens will come, but not for a while yet. Or perhaps life is too fragile to survive for long. A 2016 study suggested that the early part of a rocky planet's history can be very conducive to life, which may commonly emerge starting just 500 million years or so after the planet cools down and liquid water becomes available. The history of our own Earth would seem to bolster that conclusion; there's (disputed) evidence that life had emerged here by about 4.1 billion years ago , and it was definitely established by 3.8 billion years ago. But those good times may not last long, thanks to a runaway greenhouse effect (as occurred on Venus long ago) or other climatic shifts. "Between the early heat pulses, freezing, volatile content variation and runaway positive feedbacks, maintaining life on an initially wet rocky planet in the habitable zone may be like trying to ride a wild bull. Most life falls off," researchers Aditya Chopra and Charley Lineweaver wrote in the study, which was published in the journal Astrobiology. "Life may be rare in the universe, not because it is difficult to get started, but because habitable environments are difficult to maintain during the first billion years." Or maybe the bottleneck comes much later. A number of thinkers have suggested that civilizations may tend to extinguish themselves soon after becoming technologically competent. Again, Earth provides some support for this hypothesis: Humanity came alarmingly close to nuclear war during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, and we may be in the process of destroying ourselves, and much of the other life on the planet, right now via anthropogenic climate change. There are many other factors to consider as well. For example, planetary scientist Alan Stern, the leader of NASA's New Horizons mission to Pluto, recently posited that the most common life-hosting environments in the Milky Way galaxy may be buried oceans, such as the seas of Enceladus and Europa. Organisms that evolve in such locales seem unlikely to develop spacecraft; indeed, many of them may not even know there are other worlds out there to explore. Alien psychology could be playing a role as well. Maybe there are lots of advanced alien civilizations out there, for example, but most of them have no desire to communicate with us or visit Earth. Perhaps Earth and its inhabitants just aren't interesting enough for them to trifle with — and won't be until humanity demonstrates enough intelligence and merit to be welcomed into the "galactic club." Or maybe most intelligent aliens tend to keep quiet as a general rule, concerned that making contact with their cosmic neighbors could bring on their own enslavement or annihilation. A number of researchers, including the late Stephen Hawking, have invoked such possibilities in arguing that humanity shouldn't actively advertise its presence. Then there are the logistical difficulties of finding intelligent aliens. The universe is enormous and incredibly old. Humanity has been around for just 200,000 years, and we've been listening for possible radio signals from E.T. just since 1960. So the odds that we overlap in time and space with a detectable alien civilization don't seem great. There probably is no single solution to the Fermi Paradox, most researchers say. A combination of factors — including, perhaps, some of the ones discussed above — are likely responsible for the "great silence" that currently confronts us. And the nature of those factors may start coming into clearer focus relatively soon. For example, say scientists find evidence of past or present microbial life on Mars, Europa or another body in our own solar system, and that those organisms represent a "second genesis" — something totally different than life on Earth. Such a discovery would strongly suggest that it's not hard for life to get going throughout the cosmos, allowing researchers to cross one possible Fermi Paradox explanation off the lengthy list. Do modern researchers tend to accept the premise of the Fermi Paradox — that is, if intelligent life outside our planet exists, then it's likely that they would have contacted or reached Earth by now? I can't speak for everyone else, but no I do not believe in the premise. Because the Earth is the only planet where we know that life exists, we can only make guesses based on how life here has evolved. The Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Life on Earth began at least 3.5 billion years ago, since fossils of this age have been found, but simpler cells are expected to have formed earlier than that. Possibly, life on Earth started very quickly after conditions allowed for liquid water to be commonly available. On the other hand, life that had more than one cell took until about 1 billion years ago, and humans did not evolve in 0.2 billion years ago. As far as we know, humans are the only life form on the Earth that thinks about what is going on in the Universe, and could potentially communicate with other life. The first telescopes were invented about 400 years ago, and the first space probes were launched less than 100 years ago. What I take away from this is that simple life (like one celled organisms) might be easy to create, but complex life is harder, and life that tries to communicate with life elsewhere in the Universe could be extremely rare. While the technology to find and communicate with extraterrestrial life, once started, appears to develop extremely fast on the timeline of the Universe, we do not know how long modern humans will survive as a species. Is there a commonly accepted way to resolve the Fermi Paradox? I doubt there is a commonly accepted way to resolve the Fermi Paradox, other than to point to the fact that we have very little information about highly evolved intelligent life. We don't know how rare it is, how long a civilization lasts, how likely it would or would not want to communicate with us, how likely it would spread through the Galaxy, or how we would recognize and understand each other. In the absence of any real information to figure any of this out, it just seems like there are many possibilities to solve it. In evaluating the Fermi Paradox, it is important to think about the vast distances of space in the Milky Way. The time for light to travel to the nearest star is more than four years. If a rocket ship travels 20,000 miles per hour, then it would take more than 33,000 years to get there. The light travel time from the Sun to the center of our galaxy is 30,000 years. The rocket travel time is a 170 million years. It is completely unclear whether life will want to, or be able to, travel over these sorts of distances to populate the Galaxy. If it is attempted, it is not clear whether there are suitable places for it to land and thrive. Spreading life throughout the galaxy might be much more difficult than Fermi supposed. Do researchers studying exoplanets, particularly potentially habitable ones, usually consider the Fermi Paradox? Modern researchers looking for potentially habitable planets usually use the Seager Equation when they are thinking about the likelihood of finding life. This is an update of the Drake Equation which was a summary of what people were looking for in 1961. Note that one of the key differences is that the Seager Equation asks how many planets we can find with life that transformed the atmosphere (for example by photosynthesis), while the Drake Equation calculates the number of civilizations that are sending out detectable radio waves. In the 20th century, the SETI program looked for these civilizations and found no signals of such civilizations. So you can see that the conversation has changed to the search for life that is not necessarily intelligent — something that the Earth's history would tell us is much more likely to find. I occasionally teach an Exoplanets and Life class, and the textbook I use does not talk about the Fermi Paradox. My expectation is that most researchers are not currently thinking about it. The current search is for exoplanets, habitable exoplanets with liquid water, and signs of life that is not necessarily intelligent. What are some ways current research might eventually resolve the Fermi Paradox? As we learn more about exoplanets, it becomes more possible to make statistical statements about the likelihood of life, and the possibility for it to spread. The basis of the paradox lies in the idea that there are hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way, and with so many there must be other intelligent life on one of them. But we don't really have a way to assess whether that is true. In six tons of sand, there are hundreds of billions of grains of sand. So, it might seems reasonable to think that there must be at least one of them that is made of uranium. But we don't look for uranium on the beach because if it was there, it would be dissolved in the water and wash away. Just having a large number of objects doesn't mean that every possibility for what those objects are must therefore exist. Current experiments are teaching us how many exoplanets there are, what the conditions are on those planets, how common it is for exoplanets to have surface temperatures that allow for liquid water, and possibly how many exoplanets exhibit atmospheric abundances that favor the existence of life. We are working towards actually finding other life of any kind that is on another planet. This information would give us some basis for then extrapolating to the probability that technological civilizations form elsewhere, and would tell us how far they might have to travel to find the nearest habitable planet where they could establish a colony. Ultimate Field Guide 82 Extraterrestrial Species Iceberg Explained Alleged Alien Races https://rumble.com/v2lb5b8-ultimate-field-guide-82-extraterrestrial-species-iceberg-explained-alleged-.html In the story of the abduction and encounters with alien beings or humanoids in the history of ufology, there are, as reported by the various reports of the various police and military who are interested in the subject, lists of different types of beings who should represent various civilizations do not belong to the human, who were either vengoino still in touch with people on our planet. Taboo Conspiracy Of Nature's True Flat Earth Real Time 40 Schemes From N.A.S.A. https://rumble.com/v2dm0zi-taboo-conspiracy-of-natures-true-flat-earth-real-time-40-schemes-from-n.a.s.html Taboo Conspiracy and Other Video's Removed by ? Those channels have since been silenced by ? the other censor's and Nazis at Alphabet. lot's of people have provides time and time again, the very best proofs of our flat world, tests and experiments that completely debunk the heliocentric fantasy, and is also personally responsible for exposing the fakery in every supposed 24/7 sun in Antarctica video. He has certainly opened hundreds of thousands of people’s eyes to our false reality and for that, I’m proud to share his work here at new world order year zero. Flat Earth 21 Questions And Answers Proving Stranger's Guide And Course Flat Earth https://rumble.com/v2u3emu-flat-earth-21-questions-and-answers-proving-strangers-guide-and-course-flat.html Proving Stranger's Guide And Course Flat Earth A comprehensive beginners course that thoroughly explains the answers to 21 of the most frequently asked questions about flat earth. Journey through the list from beginning to end while all the "loose ends" are tied up by the time it's over. Share with you friends, family and loved ones. The #earth is most definitely #flat and it is important for us to understand. Stanley Kubrick Fake Apollo 11 Moon Landing Was A Hoax By The U.S.A. Government https://rumble.com/v2s6afk-stanley-kubrick-fake-apollo-11-moon-landing-was-a-hoax-by-the-u.s.a.-govern.html NASA faked the historic Apollo 11 Moon landing footage with the help of Hollywood veteran director Stanley Kubrick, book author and filmmaker Jay Weidner has shockingly claimed. When NASA astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the Moon on April 20, 1969, more than 500 million watched around the globe with bated breath. But the monumental moment in the history of mankind is often overshadowed by conspiracy theories claiming the Moon landing was faked. As the 50th anniversary of the Moon landing approaches, the number of conspiracist questioning NASA’s official version of events is on the rise. Mr Weidner, who directed the documentary Kubrick's Odyssey, has astonishingly claimed footage of the Apollo 11 landing was directed by Mr Kubrick. However, even more surprisingly, the filmmaker said NASA did go to the Moon – but the footage broadcast around the world was a hoax. NASA Admits Fake International Space Station A Global World Wide Satellite Hoax https://rumble.com/v3dm5uj-nasa-admits-fake-international-space-station-a-global-world-wide-satellite-.html NASA Admits Its All Fake National Aeronautics and Space Administration On July 29, 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act into law, establishing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a civilian agency responsible for coordinating America's activities in space. The agency absorbed the earlier National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which was a U.S. federal agency founded on March 3, 1915, to undertake, promote, and institutionalize aeronautical research. NASA has since sponsored space expeditions, both human and mechanical, that have yielded vital information about the solar system and universe. During the 1960s, NASA started its space science and interplanetary probe program, with the Mariner program being its flagship program, launching probes to Venus, Mars, and Mercury in the 1960s. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory was the lead NASA center for robotic interplanetary exploration, making significant discoveries about the inner planets. Flat Earth Vs. Round Earth 8 Ways Life Would Get Weird On A Flat Earth Conspiracy https://rumble.com/v2pu5k6-flat-earth-vs.-round-earth-8-ways-life-would-get-weird-on-a-flat-earth-cons.html Flat-earthers believe one of the most curious conspiracy theories on the internet. Here's a look at what they believe and why. Of all the conspiracy theories that litter the Internet, the flat Earth conspiracy is quite possibly the most curious. After all, the ancient Greeks figured out the planet's shape (and even its circumference) in the third century B.C. But a fringe society founded in the 1950s, dedicated to insisting that the Earth is flat, has given rise to a modern ground of flat Earth adherents. These believers claim that the Earth is a flat disc, and that evidence that it is round — say, pictures taken from space — are an elaborate hoax involving multiple governments. Opinions differ on exactly how the flat Earth works, with believers concocting elaborate versions of physics and creative interpretations of the solar system to make their theories work. Proofs Earth Is Not A Spinning Ball What The Hell Happened 200 Times Collection https://rumble.com/v2u2d94-proofs-earth-is-not-a-spinning-ball-what-the-hell-happened-200-times-collec.html Proofs Earth Is Not A Spinning Ball When a photo of spherical Earth is pointed out to flat-earthers, they will dismiss it as CGI in the blink of an eye; even if they haven’t done any analysis at all. They do this because their belief in flat-Earth is not evidence-based, and any evidence contrary to their beliefs needs to be invalidated no matter how. They are so used to doing it, and sometimes they become confused by it themselves, to the point that they would take the slightest hint of digital manipulation of any picture of the Earth as evidence of the flat Earth. Flat Earth 101 Channel - Episode 14 - Eclipse Of Fantasy - (Gerhana Fantasi) https://rumble.com/v2bq47m-flat-earth-101-channel-episode-14-eclipse-of-fantasy-gerhana-fantasi-w0w.html This is the number 1 question? - Flat Earthers hear, why would anyone go through this elaborate hoax? - The powers that be want to hide the truth of our existence at all costs as they do not want to have anyone/anything else in higher power than themselves. The majority of people believe they are descendants. NASA Admits Faking Space Part 1 The Space Program Is Faked Yes It's A Conspiracy https://rumble.com/v3dqlbc-nasa-admits-faking-space-part-1-the-space-program-is-faked-yes-its-a-conspi.html NASA Admits Faking Space Part 1 The Space Program and shows provable deception in the space program. NASA is a corrupt government organization. It gets worse. NASA was started to create the illusion of going into so-called (non-existent) "outer space". The truth is that no one or nothing has ever been to the fantasy known as "outer space". NASA Admits Faking Space Part 2 Bonus Proof Stephen Hawking Is A Fraud Conspiracy https://rumble.com/v3dssxw-nasa-admits-faking-space-part-2-bonus-proof-stephen-hawking-is-a-fraud-cons.html NASA Admits Faking Space Part 2 The Space Program and shows provable deception in the space program. NASA is a corrupt government organization. It gets worse. NASA was started to create the illusion of going into so-called (non-existent) "outer space". The truth is that no one or nothing has ever been to the fantasy known as "outer space". After Atomic World War 3 Is Over Creation Of The Humanoids AI Robots Futura Lives https://rumble.com/v2im0dw-after-atomic-world-war-3-is-over-creation-of-the-humanoids-ai-robots-futura.html What would happen to planet earth if the human race were to suddenly disappear forever? Would ecosystems thrive? What remnants of our industrialized world would survive? What would crumble fastest? Life After People is a television series on which scientists, structural engineers, and other experts speculate about what might become of Earth should humanity instantly disappear. If anything, the world is consistent; no one in any country has a clue how to rebuild the castles found in their own countries. Real Timeline Of Deception Part 0 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Exploring Tartaria - Old World Secrets Revealed https://rumble.com/v2u8ef4-real-timeline-of-deception-part-0-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 1 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Timeline Deception - Part I - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ua8sa-real-timeline-of-deception-part-1-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 2 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Timeline Deception - Part II - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ubf4w-real-timeline-of-deception-part-2-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 3 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The King of Tartaria - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ueih6-real-timeline-of-deception-part-3-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 4 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Saints - Relics, Reliquaries, & The First Resurrection https://rumble.com/v2ugl92-real-timeline-of-deception-part-4-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 5 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Saints - The Ruling Class - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2uij7w-real-timeline-of-deception-part-5-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 6 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years From Atheism, Agnosticism, New Age, Protestantism, to Roman Catholicism https://rumble.com/v2ujvr6-real-timeline-of-deception-part-6-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 7 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Millennial Kingdom of God - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2uldss-real-timeline-of-deception-part-7-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 8 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Magic of the White City 1893 Chicago World's Fair https://rumble.com/v2un20g-real-timeline-of-deception-part-8-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 9 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years 1000 Years Added To Our History & Dark Ages Never Existed https://rumble.com/v2uo07i-real-timeline-of-deception-part-9-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 10 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Church History - Complete Documentary AD 33 to Present https://rumble.com/v2uprfu-real-timeline-of-deception-part-10-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 11 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Christmas Unveiled - Pied Piper - Templars Secret - Saturn's Workshop - Giants Stealing Children https://rumble.com/v2urmd0-real-timeline-of-deception-part-11-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 12 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Ancient Cloning Factories - Foundlings - Incubators - Test-Tube Babies https://rumble.com/v2uu8ck-real-timeline-of-deception-part-12-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 13 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Homunculus Unveiled - Jesus - Artificial Generation - Liber Vaccae - Lost Esoteric Secrets https://rumble.com/v2uwmvc-real-timeline-of-deception-part-13-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Archaix Chronology Anunnaki Sumerian Gods Crystalinks Timelines 2040B.C. 2046A.D. https://rumble.com/v2v0zks-archaix-chronology-anunnaki-sumerian-gods-crystalinks-timelines-2040b.c.-20.html Archaix 2.0 Doomsday Chronology Five color charts with extensive Legend-chronology; exhibits 62 dates involving 300 events in linear timeline combining the Phoenix and Nemesis X Object appearances, the Mayan Long-Count baktuns and the Anunnaki NER 600 year periods, a history spanning over 74 centuries to May 2040 and November 2046. https://rumble.com/v2b2zqq-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-14-all-13-parts-together-woeh.html The Lost History of Earth (Ewaranon) W0W - A Must See Video Lost Earth Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. https://rumble.com/v28b4q6-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-8-history-of-a-lost-earth-all-7-parts-together-l.html The Secret Life of Symbols with Jordan Maxwell Knowledge of the Heavens, Life on Earth https://rumble.com/v28wyns-the-secret-life-of-symbols-with-jordan-maxwell-knowledge-of-the-heavens-lif.html Ancient Religions From Alpha To Stone Age To Omega To Modern Times To Infinity https://rumble.com/v2wigv2-ancient-religions-from-alpha-to-stone-age-to-omega-to-modern-times-to-infin.html This 11.5 Hrs. Full Documentary With Sound Is About Ancient Religions From Alpha To Stone Age To Omega To Modern Times To Infinity. Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally.

In the Flat-Earth model of the cosmos, the North Pole is the immovable center of the world and the entire universe. Polaris, the North Star, sits straight over the North Pole at the highest point in the heavens, and like a slowly rotating planetarium dome all the celestial bodies revolve around Polaris and over the Earth once per day. The Sun circles over and around the circumference of Earth every 24 hours, steadily traveling each day from the equator during the March vernal equinox, up to the Tropic of Cancer at the June summer solstice, back down to the equator for the September autumnal equinox, and all the way down to the Tropic of Capricorn on the December winter solstice. In the Flat-Earth model, the South Pole does not exist at all and Antarctica is instead a gigantic ice-wall extending the circumference of Earth holding in the oceans like a giant bowl, or a “world cup.” As strange as this concept may sound at first, it is a fact that if you set a bearing due South from anywhere on Earth, inevitably at or before 78 degrees Southern latitude, you will find yourself face-to-face with an enormous ice-wall towering 100-200 feet in the air extending to the East and West the entire circumference of the world.

Old Maps Pre United Stated B.C. (pre-before Columbus), will take us on a tour of pre America and the old United States. We will also explore star forts in America, old town Checagou later-Chicago, craters in the Carolinas, the noble ancient cities of the great Salt Lake, the seafaring red headed people nevada coastline indigenous tribes and the bermuda triangle area. So Pre-Nevada Seafaring Red Hair Native American tribes/civilizations ? Red-haired Giant Cannibals at Lovelock Cave? Really? Nevada Coastline Pre 1720 ? Hey, thanks for the great question. First, I'd like to point out that the use of canoes, and in some cases relatively large boats, by the Haida, Inuit, Mi'kmaq and many others for military and fishing purposes originated in their respective coastal and sea/river-faring cultures adapting to their immediate needs. As others have also noted, Native American cultures with deep and historic maritime traditions continue to thrive all along the Arctic and Pacific North West coasts. Despite this, however, the disparity in technology you mention can be explained in simple terms. It can be noted that many notable maritime and naval developments in the Old World were driven by the direct competition of rival and neighboring states. This constant naval arms race, particularly in the Mediterranean and across the English Channel, is a key factor (in my opinion) explaining the disparity you noted. This lack of an immediate, direct and constant maritime threat may have contributed to the limited nature of their maritime needs. Basically, naval technology and advancements didn't develop to the extent of, and parallel to, the Old World because the (primarily) defensive and economic needs were different. This theory of need-driven maritime advancements can also explain how other cultures sharing conditions similar to Native Americans - namely Polynesian and Melanesian - were also able to become expert navigators on the ocean. Adding to that, unlike in North America, the conditions were also there during the earlier Classical era, and later the Islamic Golden Age followed by the Renaissance, for major scientific breakthroughs in navigation, astronomy and shipbuilding. Edit: Forgot to add that many Old World powers maintained vast, international maritime trade networks, and later colonial holdings. These inevitably required the development of maritime capabilities and comprehensive naval doctrines that drove naval advancements forward. Colorful tales of the American West don’t fade away easily, even when they seem to have been discounted. Take, for example, the story of legendary red-haired cannibal giants whose alleged existence in the Lovelock area centuries ago has been debated for more than 100 years. Scientists have said there’s no proof the “giants,” first described in old Indian tales, were cannibals. Chemical staining by earth after burial was advanced as a likely reason why mummified remains have red hair instead of black like most Indians in the area. Native American Tribes Map: Indigenous Peoples USA The map above shows how indigenous American tribes were distributed throughout North America and parts of the Caribbean. These indigenous peoples (IPs), with 86 tribes in total, are spread in 11 regions throughout the continent. The Eskimo is the sole tribe in the Arctic region, located in the extreme north of present-day Canada and the Danish province of Greenland. Two indigenous groups occupy the Subarctic region that comprises most of north-central Canada: Yellowknife - Chippewyah Eight IP groups live in the Northwest Coast region: Tlingit - Haida - Kwakiutl - Salish - Nootka - Makah - Chinook - Tillamook In the California region live seven tribes: Yorok - Hupa - Maiou - Yuki - Pomo - Miwok - Mono Five ethnic groups inhabit the Plateau area: Spokane - Coeur d’Alene - Cayuse - Nez Perce - Flathead There are also five IP groups living in the Great Basin area: Modoc - Shoshoni - Washo - Paiute - Ute The Southwest region houses ten groups: Navajo - Apache - Hopi - Zuñi - Mohave - Yuma - Pima - Papago - Pueblo - Karankara In the region of Mesoamerica live three ethnic tribes: Aztec - Ciboney - Taino There are 16 tribes living in the Great Plains region: Cree - Crow - Mandan - Arikara - Sioux - Iowa - Missouri - Arapaho - Kansa - Osage - Cheyenne - Quapaw - Kiowa - Apache - Comanche - Waco In the Northeast region live the most number of indigenous tribes, 19 to be exact: Ojibwa - Huron - Menomini Ojibwa - Saux Fox - Iroquis - Massachuset - Kickapoo - Potawatomi - Illinois - Miami - Erie - Pamunkey - Susquehanna - Delaware - Powhatan - Shawnee - Chickahominy - Tuscarora - Catawba Finally, in the Southeast region live 11 indigenous American tribes: Cherokee - Tuskegee - Creek - Chickasaw - Choctaw - Wichita - Caddo - Natchez - Alabama - Timukua - Calusa In this Reddit thread, several users notice that since the map is sourced from a textbook published in the United States (US), there are more tribes situated in the modern-day US. This means that other nations such as Canada and Mexico are underrepresented, and only have a few tribes listed on the map. A University of Nevada study in the mid-1970s indicated the “giants” were about six feet tall, and not up to 10 feet tall as had been claimed. What was left after that was evidence of a tribe separate from principal tribes whose Paiute descendants live here — perhaps a wandering, more aggressive but outnumbered band finally hunted down and killed or chased off. Anthropologists say the story, while somewhat tamer, is still fascinating. But they concede the old myth has more appeal and, no matter what they say, will probably persist. The mid-1970s study was conducted after a bundle of bones, marked “giant bones,” were found in a long-overlooked cabinet at the Nevada Historical Society building in Reno. The late Sheilagh Brooks, who chaired the anthropology department at UN-Las Vegas, analyzed the bones which apparently came from the Lovelock Cave, a treasure trove for scientists trying to reconstruct Nevada’s early history. Dr. Brooks said her investigation showed that some of the bones were from cows, not giants. The human bones appeared to be remains of Indians “maybe six feet tall — big, but not that big,” she said. The myth was written down in 1883 by Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, daughter of a Paiute Indian chief. She told of a strange, red-haired tribe of cannibals her ancestors drove into a cave and suffocated by lighting a fire at its entrance. She said the “people eaters” were so fierce they would leap into the air, snatch arrows whizzing over their heads, and shoot them back at their enemies. The Paiutes named the giants Si-Te-Cah, which translates to tule-eaters. The giants wove tules, a fibrous water plant, into rafts to navigate across what remained of Lake Lahontan, so the story goes. The Paiutes, a Native-American tribe indigenous to parts of Nevada, Utah and Arizona, described the Si-Te-Cah as a vicious, unapproachable people that killed and ate their captives, and told early settlers that after years of warfare all the tribes in the area joined together to rid themselves of the giants. The fleeing giants took refuge in Lovelock Cave and refused to leave despite demands that they come out and fight. So their pursuers filled the entrance to the cave with brush that was set on fire in a bid to force the giants to come out. The few that did emerge were promptly killed. The giants that remained inside the cavern were asphyxiated. John T. Reid, a Lovelock mining engineer, said Indians took him to the cave in 1886 and told him the tale of the red-haired cannibal giants. But when he entered the cave he found nothing but tons of bat guano. Reid was unsuccessful in getting an archaeological dig started immediately. But miners, realizing the value of guano as fertilizer, started hauling it out in 1911. They promptly turned up bones, baskets, weapons, tools, duck decoys, various other artifacts and what they described as a 6-foot-6 mummy. James H. Hart, one of the miners, wrote that the mummy, found in the north-central part of the cave about four feet down, had hair that was “distinctly red.” The discovery spurred an archaeological dig in 1912, followed by a second dig in 1924. Thousands of artifacts and about 60 average-height mummies were recovered. Not all the mummies were preserved. One of the best specimens reportedly was boiled and destroyed by a local fraternal lodge that wanted a skeleton for initiation purposes. More studies followed, including radio-carbon dating that showed the cave was occupied from about 2,000 BC to about 900 AD. Adrienne Mayor wrote about the Si-Te-Cah in her book, “Legends of the First Americans.” She suggested that the ‘giant’ interpretation of the skeletons from Lovelock Cave and other caves in Nevada was started by entrepreneurs setting up tourist displays. She also noted that hair pigment is not stable after death and that various factors such as temperature and soil conditions can turn very dark hair rusty red or orange. All that may be so. But try convincing readers who love a good tall tale. Basically every culture had watercraft of some sort. One that spring to mind that haven't been mentioned already are the Chumash boats, the tomol. They could go deep sea fishing for big sports fish like marlin in those. Also the Inca were more seafaring than people give them credit for. They visited the Galapagos for example, but didn't stay because there aren't any permanent fresh water sources. I also think there really is something to say about the "they never needed to be seafaring so they weren't" perspective. The Americas are incredibly rich in natural resources. For example, many Californians and northern-coast peoples never adopted agriculture even when their neighbors did because the coastline is just so rich in food. In addition, American agricultural practices tended to be much more sustainable ecologically than European or Asian ones, from the Andean terraces to Mesoamerican milpas and the pervasive Three Sisters method. Remember, European seafaring was primarily motivated by the need for more efficient trade or to secure access to resources. This same pressure simply didn't affect Native peoples -there simply wasn't the need to mobilize the resources and manpower for these types of operations. In addition, there were already efficient trade routes (look up the Aztec trading empire or the famous Incan chasquis for instance) and hunger was extremely rare. So why bother paying for a voyage off into the horizon likely to your death? The natives in the Caribbean had a robust dugout canoe culture, and Europeans remarked on the skill and proficiency of the natives at the time of contact. Because of the slower spread of people across the vast space of North and South America, people didn't show up in the Caribbean until around 6,000 years ago; the Taino / Arawak people showed up around 2500 years ago. What the Americas do not have is a densely islanded area with valuable trade that spurs additional maritime development and also allows the easy transfer of technology. Europe had the Mediterranean in general - much smaller and calmer than the oceans - and the Aegean specifically. The many small islands required more trade due to the limitations of goods on some of the islands, and also the discovery of metal deposits on some of the islands (especially copper on Cyprus). The Phonecians were instrumental in coming up with better sailing techniques in the Mediterranean and spreading it around. In Asia, the many islands of Indonesia that are easily visible from the mainland, plus the very large population carrying capacity and arise of different civilizations in India and China helped spur development and trade. The Austronesian people developed the first real ocean-going vessels with outriggers and sails, and then quickly started establishing trade routes into South Asia and the Arabian sea, spreading these ideas of better ship building and the use of sails. Given that the settlement of the Americas happened at least several thousand years later than the areas around the Levant or SE Asia (potentially Taiwan, where the austronesian expansion is predominately believed to start), it's not unusual that one of the peoples there didn't spark a similar revolution just yet. Map of North America [Codfish map], 1720 https://www.reddit.com/r/oldmaps/comments/6x0g83/map_of_north_america_codfish_map_1720/

A brilliant expose of how Antarctica is sealed off from the rest of the world by 'red tape'. Ben, Taboo Conspiracy, takes us on a guided tour through the rules, regulations, and red tape that make exploration of Antarctica virtually impossible for anyone. I wanted it to be short but I wanted this video to be comprehensive as possible and cover all of the issues surrounding the only closed “continent” known as Antarctica. Whether you’re a flat earther or a globe supporter, the Antarctica issue is fascinating.

Sorry Antarctica We're Closed Our Hidden Flat Earth This Area Admiral Byrd: “An Area As Big As The United States on the Other Side of the South Pole” According most flat earthers, there’s no such thing as the continent of Antarctica. In their imagination, Antarctica is not a continent, but a long ice wall enclosing the Earth. Without having anything to prove that assumption, they look anywhere for any quote they can mine and stumbled into this quote by Admiral Byrd “Strangely enough, there is left in the world today, an area as big as the United States, that’s never been seen by a human being. And that’s beyond the pole, on the other side of the south pole from Little America.” Flat earthers love to overimagine things and because of their lack of knowledge, Byrd’s statement is interpreted that there are lands beyond this ice wall and ‘the powers’ are hiding these lands from us. ‘The powers’ are secretly exploiting these lands for their own purpose and are guarding every inch of them. That’s a nice story and an uncritical person might even see it as reality. But if we take a good look at a map of Antarctica, and mark the location of Little America and the South Pole, it is not hard to see what Admiral Byrd had in mind. At Byrd’s time, the other side of Antarctica was unexplored. Everyone who set his feet on Antarctica began their journey from practically the same side of Antarctica as Byrd did: the Ross Ice Shelf. No one had done it from the other side. The other side of Antarctica was unexplored at that time. This is what Byrd was refering to. And taking ice shelves into account, the area of it is practically the same as the continental United States. 81 Government & Affiliate Documents that admit Flat Earth It's A PDF Download. https://www.terre-plate.org/library/CIA%20NASA%20Documents/81%20Government%20_%20Affiliate%20Documents%20that%20admit%20Flat%20Earth-converted.pdf If a scientific conspiracy theory is funny, that doesn’t mean it’s a joke. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_America_(exploration_base) Debunking the Flat Earth Ice Wall. Part 1 of 4 of the The Flat Earth Antarctica Conspiracy. This is the first of a 4 part series on the belief of flat earthers that Antarctica is a conspiracy in a variety of ways. We cover each point separately since this topic is so extensive because they've built up so many layers of conspiracy around this continent. This article will be debunking the ice wall flat earthers claim exist, and the other articles will be as follows: As we point out in our article, The Flat Earth Resurgence , there has been a huge rise in people who have actually rejected the sphere earth model completely and seem to truly believe the earth is flat! We point out that in order to be able to explain proven phenomenon we see every day in real life, flat earthers have to build more and more unproven and crazy theories on top of crazy theories until their idea looks more like a Rube Goldberg machine than a model of reality. What Flat Earthers Believe About Antarctica In my opinion, the most bizarre of their conspiracies is the one about Antarctica. They have built so many ideas on top of ideas that their beliefs about Antarctica have become so incredibly ludicrous, you couldn't make up the things they will tell you about this frozen continent. First of all, they do not believe Antarctica is a continent, per se, but a frozen 'ice rim' the circumference of the entire planet planet. Secondly, they believe there is no 24 hour sun on Antarctica during their summer months, and they believe no one can go to Antarctica, because if it were allowed, someone might find the ice wall and prove to the world the earth is flat (really!)! To keep the Rube Goldberg theme going, in order to prevent people from going and exploring for this ice rim, they believe the UN has a fleet of ships patrolling the entire circumference of the earth, preventing any ships from going there to find the ice wall. They also believe the Antarctic Treaty is proof of this, and there is a multinational agreement to keep anyone from going to Antarctica and finding the truth! Conveniently, this Treaty designed to hide a flat earth is published right on the internet for all to see and read. They believe this is all a conspiracy by the leaders of dozens of nations, the UN, shipping companies, airlines, private companies who deal with the government, and even satellite cable companies, to hide the real truth from you. They will even bring Admiral Byrd and Wikileaks into the mess to 'prove' their conspiracy! All of which we will show is utter nonsense later in the series. When asked the reason for the biggest conspiracy on the planet it usually illicits nonsensical answers such as "Well, they are hiding land from us!" or "There is nothing that would quench the exploratory spirit of the most curious creature on the planet by telling him the earth is a sphere!" or the religious reason of "They are hiding God from us", as if an omnipotent being would be able to accomplish anything and everything except making spheres, or somehow a flat plane with an impenetrable dome would naturally harbor more land or incite more of an exploratory spirit than the ability to go into the infinity of space would! Seriously, I could not even make this stuff up if I were to try. These are actual beliefs of the vast majority of flat earthers, and why I chose to make this series to debunk this nonsense and provide some sanity to this Antarctica conspiracy theory. The Ice Wall Debunked The entire start of this conspiracy is their belief in an ice wall. This belief is mainly because, as we point out in our article The Flat Earth Map is Actually a Projection Map of a Globe, despite having every GPS coordinate on nearly every point on the earth, satellite images of the entire earth, and having nearly every distance accurately mapped between every point on earth, flat earthers have not been able to use crowdsourcing of their tens of thousands of members, blockchain, the internet, and supercomputers to create an accurate map with even correct distances between points. It should be amazingly easy to map a planar earth to a planar surface, but so far, this feat has eluded them. So, instead of using modern technology to survey their fantasy world and create an accurate 'flat earth map' they have arbitrarily chosen to use a globe projection map with Antarctica depicted as an ice rim around the world, as shown in the image below. Somehow, inexplicably, flat earthers decided this depiction of Antarctica as an ice rim is reality. However, there is zero evidence of this ice wall, and plenty of evidence it is merely a continent present at the southern pole of the earth, including the fact that it has been circumnavigated multiple times, including This Successful Solo Navigation by Lisa Blair in 2017 and there is even an Annual Antarctic Cup Race complete with a 'racetrack' of electronic gates and lanes. Not to mention the fact it's been surveyed in many different ways. All of the circumnavigations and surveys, that have led to the depictions of Antarctica on a globe, point to the continent having a circumference of less than 15,000 miles, both as shown on the sailors' GPS devices, the length of time it took the circumnavigations to occur, and results of surveys. However, on the globe projection map that flat earthers use, the circumference of Antarctica must be somewhere between 60,000- 78,000 miles. Here's the math that you can do yourself to show this. I put in the coordinates for the very tip of Antarctica in South America to the topmost portion of land at the top of North America, to make as straight a line as possible on Google maps (Note that when you do this on Google maps, the line will be slightly curved. I wonder why) and got the coordinates of and for a total distance of just at 10,000 miles (10,000.23 mi to be exact). This is actually somewhat too short of a distance, since the center of the Arctic Circle would be higher than my coordinates, and the center of the Antarctic Circle would also be lower. But we'll give flat earthers this 'conservative' estimate to show the approximate circumference of the interior of the ice wall. So, we put in the formula of: C=2πr to get the total circumference of: 62831.85 miles. But we can add on even more distance using the distance between the actual coordinates. Google maps will not allow these coordinates to be put in to get directions, so I used TimeandDate.com which gives us the distance of 12,427 miles from North Pole to South Pole, which would give us the staggering number of 78083.81 miles of the earth's circumference. This would represent the exterior of the ice wall. I could do the calculations on Google maps to be more accurate, but you get the idea of the giant distances involved here, in determining the size of the ice rim. The distance is between 60,000 to 78,000 miles. This is a 4 -5 times larger than the 14,000-15,000 mile distance aerial surveys, satellite imagery, and circumnavigation have revealed. An error of 400-500%, or of approximately 45,000 miles! The Science Sphere Earthers Have Done on Antarctica While flat earthers are making memes and inventing conspiracies, sphere earthers are doing aerial and satellite surveys of Antarctica to create accurate maps for navigation and further exploration. Some surveys that have been done are: THE FALKLAND ISLANDS AND DEPENDENCIES AERIAL SURVEY EXPEDITION: carried out in 1956-1957. You can see many of the studies done from this expedition at the Cambridge University Website for the Scott Polar Research Institute The British Antarctic Survey: Where you can take your pick of one of the many types of maps they have created, such as topographic maps, geologic maps, digital maps for use in GPS devices and for pilots, and magnetic anomaly maps compiled from satellite and ground data by 22 different scientific organizations since 1957 The Soviets have done at least 35 Antarctic expeditions. You can see the abstract of research on this study entitled Soviet geological maps of the Prince Charles Mountains, East Antarctic Shield Antarctica Gamburtsev Project: Surveyed and discovered entire mountain ranges underneath the ice. This is the 1970-1971 Typewritten Report from the Antarctic Research Division of the Australian Government The Australian Government has an entire Website discussing their activities in Antarctica, including the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition There was a Prince Charles Mountains Expedition of Germany and Australia where they did extensive geodetic surveying and ice radar surveying There's even a McMurdo-Antarctica Lidar Project attempting to map the continent with lidar. You can even search the Australian Antarctic Data Center and the Cambridge Scott Polar Research Institute Database for specific information about the thousands of expeditions, surveys, and even get the satellite imagery that has been done on Antarctica. There is a mountain of information and evidence that flat earthers must completely ignore in order to maintain their ridiculous illusion And the Evidence from the Flat Earthers? No flat earther has done any aerial surveying or taken satellite imagery of this ice wall even though they believe their impenetrable dome is at least 200 miles in height and so could easily get a satellite or plane over it to get images, surveys, or lidar. None have Circumnavigated Antarctica Like Lisa Blair, attempted a Solo Crossing Like Henry Worsely tried to do, and it seems as though none have even bothered to 'survey' it in the comfort of an airliner by taking this Quantus Antarctic Tourist Flight to see for themselves that it is a continent and not an ice rim. It seems that none have figured out ANY way to get the slightest bit of evidence of this 'ice rim' or the edge of the world they claim is there. In fact, this promotional video for the Quantus flight Yes, the one entitled Flat Earth Hoax below) explains that they have NINETEEN different flight paths over the continent, and that they have many repeat customers for this tourist flight that flies over Antarctica for 4 to 5 HOURS. There is a huge amount of footage of Antarctica in this video, and certainly there are thousands of tourists with hours of video from this flight. At an average airspeed of 550 miles per hour, the flight would cover over 1000 miles in two hours of flying with over 100 miles of view in each direction. If you look at the flat earth map, at no point could that ice wall possibly be 1000 miles wide. If there were an ice rim around the earth, someone on that flight would have noticed. In fact, that flight would simply not be allowed if there were a massive worldwide cover up to hide a flat earth from us. I suspect some flat earther might argue that they are flying over the North Pole. However, the flight leaves from Australia and takes 12 hours out and back. There is no possibility such a great distance could be covered in 12 hours, let alone have 4 hours of flight time over the ice in the North Pole. A while back, there was a GoFundMe Campaign to get flat earthers to Antarctica to prove the flat earth, but It Was Canceled After a Negative Article About Flat Earth . Cancelled after a negative article? What? Sounds like true science believers who are dedicated to the truth, right? Every once in a while, they may put up a picture of an iceberg or ice floe and claim it's THE ice rim, but these images of a small chunk of ice could be taken anywhere in the world and are certainly not evidence of a continuous wall of ice 60,000 miles in circumference. In other words, they have zero evidence of this ice wall. The only thing they have are wild, speculative claims with no evidence to back them up. Here's one of the images they use to prove the existence of a 60,000 mile ice wall being guarded by a fleet of what would need to be 10's of thousands of armed ships. Interestingly enough, the actual image in the meme disproves their belief system! Too bad they did not bother to find the source of this image, and just liked the way it looked. It is an image from a blog called Our World Heritage. The ship in the meme above is the FS Polarstern, a private ship and not an armed UN gunship, contracted on the author's trip to Antarctica to take supplies to people at the Neumayer Station, a permanent research outpost on the ice shelf. I soundly Debunk Ice Wall Memes and provide more details of this image and the story behind it on that page. This image is simply a dishonest way to get gullible people to believe in the flat earth cult. Can they get any more ridiculous? Well, keep reading to Part 2: Debunking the Flat Earth Antarctic Treaty Conspiracy to find out how flat earthers have concocted an insane story about a fleet of armed UN ships preventing anyone from finding the ice wall! Debunking The Antarctic Treaty Conspiracy. Part 2 of 4: The Flat Earth Antarctica Conspiracy. Welcome to Part 2 of this 4 part series on Debunking the Flat Earth Antarctic Conspiracy. Since flat earthers have turned this topic into a massive Rube Goldberg machine of conspiracy on top of conspiracy, the necessity for a four part series became evident, in order to debunk each separate part of this whacky conspiracy. So, here are the sections: As you read in Debunking the Ice Wall , flat earthers believe the Antarctica is part of a huge, worldwide conspiracy theory to hide the existence of a flat earth. They believe that Anarctica is not a continent, per se, but a 60,000-78,000 mile in circumference ice wall that borders the entire planet and acting as a container for the earth’s waters, thereby holding them in and keeping ships from falling off the edge of the earth. We debunked the idea that there is an ice wall, providing tens of thousands of pieces of evidence from multiple countries of hundreds of expeditions that have provided us with the shape of the continent as seen on multiple maps. The data contributing to this have included, but are not limited to: Satellite observations Aerial surveys Lidar Ground level surveys Circumnavigation Against all reason, flat earthers reject this evidence, demanding that every scientific study, every satellite image, every account of scientists, and even the accounts of pilots and those on flights going from Sydney to Johannesburg visualizing Antarctica while doing so are simply lying and are part of a worldwide conspiracy involving millions of people who have all remained silent for almost 70 years now. The Antarctic Treaty is a Nefarious Conspiracy! Proof of this conspiracy, according to flat earthers, is the Antarctic Treaty. There really is one, and you can Read The Antarctic Treaty Here along with the Protocol for Environmental Protection portion and determine for yourself what it says. Flat earthers, however, who have obviously not read it, claim that it a multinational treaty preventing anyone from stepping foot on Antarctica, so that no one will find the ice wall! They believe it’s the only “closed continent”, and heavily guarded against any humans not in on the conspiracy! What it ACTUALLY does is to prevent anyone, including any governments, from, for instance: Declaring any of the land private property Doing mining operations Removing or damaging sensitive flora and fauna Building a housing tract or a business Setting up a nuclear missile site Using it as a waste dump or any number of things that would permanently harm the land or prevent it from being used freely by others for enjoyment In essence, it recognizes that Antarctica is a special place, worthy of conservation and protection, and that it should be preserved for its majestic natural properties rather than being exploited for its natural resources or turned into a nuclear waste dumping ground, for instance. Flat earthers, however, actually believe that no one can even GO there or even fly OVER it, despite the fact that: There is a Facebook group with thousands of members entitled "I've Been to Antarctica" Dozens of travel blogs report their experiences in Antarctica Close to 5 major cruise ship companies go there Many companies do private tours Thousands of scientific and private expeditions have gone there People have done solo expeditions Tourist flights land there, and the profile picture for this article has an image of a plane landing on Blue Ice Runway in Antarctica There is even a Quantas 'tourist flight' that spends about 5 hours flying over the continent simply for the sake of tourists being able to view it from the air In fact, this scientific study even states, "However, rapidly growing human activity is accelerating threats to biodiversity. " Another states, "With rapidly increasing human activity in Antarctica, terrestrial plant communities are at risk of damage or destruction." Rapidly increasing human activity? In a place no one is allowed to go or they will be stopped, or even killed? According to flat earthers, none of these reports of 'human activity' on Antarctica are real, but are just part of the giant ruse necessary to keep us brainwashed that Antarctica is really a continent! The flights don't exist, the cruises don't exist, none of the expeditions exist. They are all fake and engineered at high cost to keep us brainwashed and believing the earth is round when it's really flat! They will actually argue that images, like this one below of a boat of tourists in Antarctica, are just staged, are really done in the Arctic, and the participants are part of a CIA psy-op and worldwide conspiracy. And the Antarctic Treaty is proof of this conspiracy! Antarctic Treaty Protected Areas The Antarctic Treaty DOES, however, outline some special areas called Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions (ACBRs) that are off-limits to anyone without a permit, and permits have requirements such as being limited to people with certain qualifications doing scientific studies. Many parts of the world have special areas like this for various reasons, such as safety or protecting wildlife. Here's the map of the ACBR's. Even Yellowstone National Park has several of these areas in order to, for instance, prevent people from doing things like boiling themselves alive in hot springs, like a man did this year. Mexico has beaches that are completely off-limits to humans when tortoises are nesting, and Belize has caves that are off-limits in order to protect the precious archeological treasures inside in-situ. Anyone who has traveled can likely point to different areas of the world that do similar things for various different reasons. Special protected areas are not new, not limited to Antarctica, and are should not even incite the slightest bit of thoughts about conspiracy, especially since, as you can see on the map above, these areas comprise a less than 2% non-contiguous area of Antarctica. One would be hard pressed to argue (although they still will) that barring the world from less than a non-contiguous 2% of the continent would prevent anyone from finding their mythological ice wall, were they so inclined to find it. There other argument is that there are military bases there not, of course, for strategic purposes, but for the sole purpose of preventing anyone suspecting we live on a flat earth from finding the ice wall. Well, there are military bases in most of the geographically strategic places in the world as well. This hardly comprises evidence of a conspiracy any more than the US military having a base on Midway should cause someone to suspect they are hiding a magic portal to another realm there. Did Wikileaks Prove the Conspiracy? Flat earthers like to point to a Wikileaks mention of Antarctica to PROVE their conspiracy that you are not allowed to go there. In fact, they put a DATE on it when you'll again be able to explore Antarctica. It's in 2046! Well, they get it wrong again due to their lack of even 2 minutes of fact checking mixed with their propensity to repeat the claims of anything that supports their bias. Ironically, note the Wikileaks image of a dripping globe below. I would think that the dripping globe would hardly make flat earth proponents latch onto WikiLeaks for support of their conspiracy, but flat earthers aren't likely to see the irony. You Can Read the Wikileaks Document Here Yourself, and see that when they say there is no EXPLORATION until 2046, they are referring to RESOURCE exploration, such as mining. They are not referring to an inability to go there and look for the elusive ice rim, they are referring to your inability to claim the land as your own, bring heavy machinery in, and do some strip mining! Sounds like a nefarious plot, doesn’t it? What Wikileaks was 'leaking' is that there appears to be an effort by certain countries to change the Treaty, or violate it so that they can exploit Antarctica for its natural resources. Here is the exact quote from the WikiLeaks document above. Here is the Wikileaks quote that has been taken entirely out of context. "There's believed to be a great deal of resources in the area and exploration is banned until at least 2046, I believe, unless another provision is added to the treaty." Note how it says, "... exploration is banned", but has the qualifier of 'resources' in the same sentence. So, flat earthers are not even bothering to read the entire SENTENCE from Wikileaks before passing it around as evidence of a conspiracy to keep people from finding the ice wall. This is the level flat earthers fall to in their dishonesty, gullibility, and cognitive dissonance. A Fleet of Armed United Nations Ships Prevent Anyone From Going to Antarctica! Yes, flat earthers REALLY do believe that there is an entire fleet of UN warships that are in place to forcibly stop anyone from exploring Antarctica and finding the ice wall. Many flat earth threads will refer to Antarctica as the most heavily guarded place on the planet. Where they get this ridiculous idea is beyond me. The UN would literally have to have tens of thousands of boats to patrol the 60,000-78,000 miles of coastline just to prevent the odd person from exploring land that anyone can book a tour to, like the many people who have taken the Loftleidir Icelandic Boeing 757 to go see the last great wilderness of earth for themselves. Heck, you can experience Antarctica from the safety of a hot tub while sipping Champagne with your grandmother, if you wish. There is just literally no evidence at all of this fleet of tens of thousands of gunboats that would require something close to a hundred thousand sailors, maintenance yards all over the world, refueling stations, food suppliers, etc. If there is any evidence of this fleet or people with video of UN gunboats threatening them, well, no flat earther has ever shown it to anyone. Maybe they are just keeping this damning evidence that supports a massive conspiracy to themselves for the time being. But until then, we have to declare the dearth of evidence on this subject in the realm of a ridiculous wild claim on the part of flat earthers. Nothing in Wikileaks or in the Antarctic Treaty itself supports a conspiracy to hide an ice wall or provides money or resources for a fleet of UN Gunboats, and certainly no one has ever filmed armed UN boats turning them away from the coastline after funding an exploratory campaign. These are just more unfounded ridiculous claims made up simply to answer questions about why flat earthers don’t just go to Antarctica, find the ice wall, and prove to the world the earth is flat once and for all. Since they are incapable or unwilling to do any such thing, they invented a complex myth to keep them theorizing from their basements instead of doing on-site scientific research to prove or disprove their claims as actual scientists would be doing. Debunking the Flat Earth Admiral Byrd Conspiracy. Part 3 of 4: The Flat Earth Antarctica Conspiracy. Welcome to part 3 of this 4 part series on the Flat Earth Antarctica Conspiracy Theory. Here are the other parts in this 4 part series. And we'll have one article that is a compilation article if you prefer to read or link to all 4 parts at once: Flat earthers are so desperate to find evidence of this ice wall they have somehow latched onto Admiral Byrd as providing not only evidence of an ice wall and flat earth, but evidence there are lands BEYOND this ice wall the Antarctic Treaty is designed to hide! They claim part of the massive conspiracy to hide flat earth from us is because there is much more land to be explored, and that governments are secretly exploiting these lands and using the resources to make themselves rich! And Admiral Byrd is proof of this. But Admiral Byrd neither said nor implied any such thing. Flat earthers simply make ridiculous claims that are merely passed on and repeated like a game of telephone by people who are unable or unwilling to do their own research, or who take things out of context to either confirm their own bias or be dishonest. You can watch An Interview with Admiral Byrd here, and what he actually said, at 1:41 is, "Strangely enough, there is left in the world today, an area as big as the United States, that's never been seen by a human being. And that's beyond the pole, on the other side of the south pole from Little America [his base on Antarctica]". Flat earthers take this to mean that there is land BEYOND Antarctica, and modern day Americans who don't understand the context of the time might be excused from misunderstanding or being confused about that statement, however just a bit of fact checking would clarify what he meant. Byrd was referring TO Antarctica, as the vast majority had not been explored yet. At the time, Admiral Byrd was hugely popular, and people had followed his exploits in Antarctic and certainly knew that Little America was his base, which is why neither he nor the interviewers felt the need to explain what Little America was. But to many, it sounds like he said, "Middle America", and it makes it a bit confusing. However, what he meant by "The other side of the pole from Little America" is easily discerned when looking at this map of Antarctica with his Little America base on it. He was simply being specific as to the unexplored region of Antarctica that was on the opposite side of the South Pole from his base. No conspiracy, just specificity. Hilariously for flat earthers, who obviously have not watched the video themselves, later in the interview, Byrd uses the phrase, "The bottom of the world" many times. The time stamps are at approximately: The 'bottom of the world? How could a flat earther latch onto someone who talks about 'the bottom of the world' as someone who is talking about a flat earth? Antarctica being the bottom of the world would be much more consistent with the current model of a sphere than of a flat plane where Antarctica is an ice rim. Additionally, in the first part of the interview, he refers to Antarctica as "the size of the United States". He was actually pretty close, as you can see in the image below, to the size of the continent as we know it that is approximately 14,000-15,000 miles in circumference, and not an 'ice rim' that is the circumference of the entire world. If an explorer had found an ice rim so large, it circled the earth and was at least 60,000 miles long (as we go over in Part 1: Debunking the Flat Earth Ice Wall to show how we arrived at that figure), referring to such a find as "the size of the United States" would be patently underestimating the vast unimaginable size of the area, and would just not be how one would describe an ice rim that circled the world. Even more, the interviewer asks Byrd at 2:10, "Since you've been to both extremities of earth..." and Byrd merely answers the question without correcting the interviewer. What would "both extremities of the earth" mean on a flat earth? Even later, at approximately 5:30, the interviewer asks, tongue in cheek, "I've heard it said there are 7 continents in the world and the only one that has never been seen by a woman is Antarctica. Is that really true". Byrd answers by saying, "As far as I know, that's true." Even more interestingly is that an Admiral Byrd stamp was released in 1934, very much while Admiral Byrd was still alive, and the stamp features a globe with Antarctica at the bottom of the earth, right where he suggested it would be, and right where maps show it to be today. There is nothing to suggest that Byrd would have been dismayed or amused by this stamp. It was intended as a tribute to him, and there is no reason to believe that he thought otherwise about it. If anything, these show that Byrd is a sphere earther, talking about the bottom of the world, both extremities of the earth, a globe stamp in his honor, and the seven continents that we still know today. Certainly, it does not suggest a HIDDEN continent that, of course no woman would have stepped on either. Byrd also conducted long range reconnaissance missions by plane over Antarctica, mapping over a million square miles, giving us much of the shape of the continent as we know it today. Was Admiral Byrd a Friend or Foe? To add even more color to this conspiracy, there are flat earthers in another camp, who believe that Admiral Byrd is not telling us about the lands beyond Antarctica, but that he's part of the conspiracy to hide the ice wall from us. And his expeditions FOUND the ice wall and subsequently started this whole multinational conspiracy to cover up this truth from us! Their 'proof' of this is that Admiral Byrd was a freemason! Other evidence they cite is that in later expeditions, he was financed by the US Government, and this, too, means he was lying. On the expedition financed by the government, it was concluded 6 months early, and that is proof that they found something so important, so secret that they were forced to end the expedition. The truth is not so sexy or mysterious. The expedition was plagued with mechanical issues and incredibly harsh weather. So, which is it, is he a friend of flat earthers, talking about "lands beyond" Antarctica, and telling the world the earth is flat? Or is he a nefarious freemason illuminati who is lying in order to hide flat earth? Flat earthers are divided on the topic. But something about Admiral Byrd seems to incite conspiracy theories of one sort or another. There are conspiracies about him giving testimony of having seen UFO's by the UFO conspiracy folks, and hollow earth theorists claim he did a 'secret' flight over either the north or south pole (the sources are divided on this) in 1947, where he found the opening to the center of the earth and met people who lived there. This claim has been around for so long that as far back as 1961, The New York Times put out a challenge for anyone who had evidence to bring it forth for publication; and even The Hollow Earth Insider website did a long, well-researched piece that debunks this claim, believes it was actually a lie intended to discredit hollow earthers, and, again, offered a challenge to anyone with evidence to bring it forward. But instead of this Byrd flat earth conspiracy dying due to lack of evidence, flat earthers have revitalized it, probably because they are desperate to find something, anything, to back up their wild claims. Rather than providing evidence of flat earth, this conspiracy, along with the Antarctic Treaty Conspiracy just gives more weight to the bizarre mentality and desperation of flat earthers. In order to get scientific recognition of their flat world, they could go about commissioning a satellite, plane, boat, exploration party, or some such thing that the growing group of multiple tens of thousands of flat earthers could fund with a Kickstarter campaign. Instead, they avoid getting any real evidence, like doing an expedition to Antarctica, or even just sending up a satellite, and instead revitalize long-dead conspiracy theories by taking words of a man long-since dead, take them out of context, don't research anything, make wild claims, and expect you to believe in massive conspiracy theories of which there is no evidence. Unfortunately, it seems that there are many gullible people falling for this nonsense, and their cult seems to be growing by leaps and bounds. Yes, Flat Earthers, There Really Is 24 Hour Sunlight in Antarctica. Part 4 of 4: The Flat Earth Antarctica Conspiracy. Welcome to the 4th of this 4 part series on debunking a very long and complicated conspiracy theory about Antarctica that flat earthers have concocted. In this part, we'll discuss the very real belief by flat earthers that there is no 24 hour sun in Antarctica. This article started out as a single article about debunking this conspiracy, but because there are so many convoluted aspects to this conspiracy theory, it turned into a 4 part series in order that the conspiracy be debunked thoroughly such that flat earthers could not come back and have an objection to any part of the debunk and that, by the time the series is complete, any rational person would be able to see that there absolutely is no conspiracy theory about Antarctica. Where Does this Denial of 24 Hour Sunlight in Antarctica Come From? First of all, the question is why do flat earthers believe such a thing? Well, as you'll see, a [24 HHour Sunlight Sunlight in Antarctica is Impossible is Impossible on a FlaFEarth. There is simply no flat earth model possible-series) that can account for this known and provable phenomenon. Therefore they have a great need to deny anything that will prove their belief is impossible. However, as we'll also show, denying 24 hour sun in Antarctica is actually irrelevant, and simply having days with more than 12 hours of sunlight in the southern hemisphere is impossible anyway, so their denial of 24 hour daylight in Antarctica is pointless to maintain their delusional impossible belief system. It's Simple Logic to Believe There is 24 Hour Sun in Antarctica Until I started looking into this flat earth discussion, I had no idea that anyone even questioned such a well-established fact! It seems ridiculous on it's face and, upon further investigation, I found it to actually be as ridiculous as it sounds. So, first of all, just a small investigation would allow one to accurately predict that Antarctica would have 24 hour sunlight. Even flat earthers do not dispute there is 24 hour sunlight in the Arctic in their summer and 24 hours of darkness in their winter. They also do not dispute that the equator has 12 hours of sunlight every day all year. But, as with most flat earth concepts, things start to go haywire in the southern hemisphere because the Flat Earth Map is Actually a Globe Projection Map and, as such, the southern hemisphere is incredibly distorted. Things that are possible on a sphere due to it's symmetry become impossible on a flat model that does not have such symmetry, and so they are forced to build crazy explanations around these discrepancies. And this model of a flat earth sun shows that there is no possible way for the sun to light up Antarctica 24 hours a day, so they simply MUST reject that it really happens. In fact, I had one guy argue so circularly, that he showed me how it was impossible on this flat earth model, and how that 'debunked' that it actually existed in reality! We can show, through simple logic, that Antarctica SHOULD have 24 hour sunlight on December 21st, the southern hemipshere summer solstice. Note, the latitudes and lengths of sunlight are APPROXIMATE. It is not meant to be an exact model of the exact times of daylight at the exact latitudes (flat earthers focus on minor details and will reject an image such as this because it's 'a cartoon' and it's not exact to the minute). Instead, this is intended to be an approximation. A visual of how much daylight occurs in each of these approximate areas on earth. The big picture. An overall view of how sunlight WORKS on earth in reality. The length of daylight for these areas were taken from SunCalc.net and so far as I know, flat earthers have no argument with any of these times taken from these types of websites, such as this one or DateandTime.info except in regards to Antarctica. So, what time DO they think it is in Antarctica on December 21st? Most will just simply not answer that question even though it would seem perfectly logical for Antarctica to have 24 hour days at the peak of it's summer. Flat Earthers Don't Agree On This Either As with most of their ideas, flat earthers are divided on the subject (or simply ignorant of their topic), and flat earthers will sometimes claim that a map called the Gleason map is actually a map of flat earth, despite the fact the patent itself says it's a azimuthal equidistant projection map, but that is another topic for an article I'll do in the near future. The Gleason Map actually shows 24 hour sun in Antarctica on the winter solstice through a clever calculation key. Note that the white part in the center is what would actually be DARK on earth. Unfortunately, this would require the sun to have an oblong hole through the center to accomplish this, as you can see above. Obviously, this does not comport with reality, nor do they have an explanation as to how the sun could cause such a pattern. Evidence for a 24 Hour Sun in Antarctica We first came to know Antarctica had 24 hour sun by the anecdotes of the original explorers. We discuss the Admiral Byrd Antarctica Conspiracy Theory on that page, and it's in some of the writings of his company in which the midnight sun is discussed. Bob Young did a Handwritten Narrative of his expedition with Byrd in 1933-1935 and he mentions it several times. Since then, we have possibly thousands of references to it on travel blogs, people on expeditions, people doing research, and even in documentaries such as Antarctica: A Year on the Ice. There are also some nice time lapses of the 24 Hour sun in Antarctica, such as this one done at the Scott Base: Predictably, flat earthers have done debunk videos declaring every one of them 'fake' for various reasons they can never quite explain, even though the end of video actually shows he used ANOTHER camera to take a time lapse video of his camera taking the time lapse video for verification! It's amazing the amount of hate and anger by flat earthers in the comments section, who accuse the photographer of faking the video over and over, but provide zero evidence that he did. However, This Page on Metabunk adds the video above and many other time lapse videos from 24 webcams in the Antarctic, and goes into great detail to debunk the claims that these are faked. Basically, the argument from flat earthers is that the watchers of these videos cannot be 100% sure that they are not faked, and somehow that is proof that they ARE faked! No evidence required. Their bias confirmation is such that they seem to honestly believe that the fact that these videos exist is proof they are faked! Circular logic anyone? So, since this is a discussion of science, the next question would be what evidence do we have of a 24 hour sun in Antarctica. Well, just a few minutes of research shows that hundreds of studies have been done on the effects of 24 hour sunlight and 24 hour darkness in Antarctica. Here are just a few: Plasma melatonin in the Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) under continuous daylight in Antarctica- the study reads, "Although daylight is continuous during the Antarctic summer there was a marked daily cycle of light intensity" Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinically healthy subjects adapted to living in Antarctica- the study reads, " In addition, they were seen to show the BP and HR circadian rhythms to be perfectly synchronized to the 24-h cycle, despite the permanent solar light..." Human seasonal and circadian studies in Antarctica (Halley, 75°S)- and states, "At the British Antarctic Survey base of Halley, 75°S, the sun does not rise for 110d in the winter and does not set for 100d in summer." Longitudinal study on circadian rhythms of plasma hormone levels during Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. Hokkaido Journal of Medical Science 61(1): 121-133- and it reads, "Monthly mean plasma aldosterone level increased markedly in July, dark winter month and also in December, the month of midnight sun in Antarctica. I could literally go on and on showing the different studies that confirm this 24 hour sunlight and darkness phenomenon in the south pole that are perfectly symmetric to the north pole. But I would bore you with the length of the list, so I'll stop at just those few studies done by different research teams, and even from different countries. According to flat earthers, these are simply all lies and made up to simply hide the flat earth from us. They will not concede that any study is correct... and quite literally reject ALL scientific studies claiming that all scientists are just in on the conspiracy and are paid to fake these studies (unless one happens to have something they latch onto as 'evidence' of a flat earth. In that case, science is good!). Really, I could not make this up. If you cited 1000 studies on any particular subject, they will simply dismiss them with a laugh, tell you that you are brainwashed, and probably post a meme such as this one with no supporting evidence of how or why the study is wrong or faked. They just make blanket statements that outright reject anything that contradicts their belief system. The Globe Model Explains this Perfectly However, the globe model explains this phenomenon perfectly. It is not for nothing that the current scientific consensus is overwhelmingly on the side of the sphere model and not the flat earth model. Here is a depiction of the Sphere Earth Explanation for 24 Polar Sunlight. Now, which of these makes more sense to you? Complete denial of a phenomenon that has been soundly proven to exist This hand drawn key on a Globe Projection Map from the 1890's that requires the sun to have an oblong-shaped hole in it that we do not see in reality and that no flat earther in the over 100 years since it was created has made an actual 3d model of in over 100 years A fully formed 3d model that has been tested and honed for hundreds of years by scientists and researchers, that is undistorted, that GPS coordinates and Google maps that tens of thousands of people use everyday is based on, and that you can test with a toy globe and a flashlight to see if the model works properly? Flat earthers COULD just go there on one of the dozens of cruises and adventure tours that go there and find out for themselves what the sun is like in Antarctica on the longest days of the year in the southern hemipshere summer. But flat earthers, despite claiming that they want 'real science' and that everything should be observed to be proven, that they do not seem actually willing to do anything that would prove their contentions incorrect. They claim to be scientists, but will only believe or take as evidence that which confirms their bias. https://steemit.com/flatearth/@kerriknox/part-1-of-4-the-flat-earth-antarctica-conspiracy-debunking-the-ice-wall https://steemit.com/flatearth/@kerriknox/debunking-the-antarctic-treaty-part-2-of-4-the-flat-earth-antarctica-conspiracy https://steemit.com/flatearth/@kerriknox/debunking-the-flat-earth-admiral-byrd-conspiracy-part-3-of-4-the-flat-earth-antarctica-conspiracy https://steemit.com/science/@kerriknox/debunking-the-no-24-hour-sun-in-antarctica-claim-part-4-of-4-the-flat-earth-antarctica-conspiracy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_America_(exploration_base) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_expeditions https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroic_Age_of_Antarctic_Exploration Hitler's Frozen Base The fact that an opinion has been widely held is no evidence whatever that it is not utterly absurd. - Bertrand Russell, 1872-1970 A wise man ... proportions his belief to the evidence - David Hume, 1711-1776 In the late 1930's, the Nazi's showed an interest in Antarctica and sent a expedition to survey a part of it and claim it for Germany, the claim was not continued but it sowed the seeds for a whole range of fantasies about secret things that might be going on. What really did happen? Neuschwabenland A little known German expedition to Antarctica from the 17th of December 1938 to the 12th of April 1939 on the ship MS Schwabenland had the purpose of claiming an area now known as Dronning Maud Land mainly to protect the German whaling industry. This area however had been previously explored by Norway and was formally claimed by the Norwegians in January 1939 after the Germans had set sail. The Schwabenland was equipped with a steam catapult and two Dornier Wal flying boats which were used to photographically survey 600,000 square kilometres. About a dozen aluminium flags were dropped from the aircraft at turning points of flight polygons and others were left by foot expeditions, none of these have ever been recovered. The land surveyed was claimed by Germany in August 1939 as "Neuschwabenland" named from the ship. The outbreak of war prevented two further planned expeditions and the possible building of a base, though most probably to the other side of Antarctica in the Pacific sector away from the Norwegian claim, the claim was abandoned in 1945. There is no evidence of any further German activity in Antarctica during World War 2. U-530 and U-977 On the morning of the 10th of July 1945, the German U-boat U-530 arrived at the Argentine naval base at Mar del Plata near Buenos Aires, two months after the German surrender and the end of the war in Europe on the 8th of May 1945. Rumours spread that it had brought Hitler, Eva Braun, Martin Bormann and others and had landed them on the coast of Patagonia or Antarctica before reaching Mar del Plata. A week later a Hungarian exile in Argentina, Ladislas Szabo wrote a detailed account in a local newspaper of how Hitler and his entourage had supposedly escaped Germany. The story quickly spread worldwide and versions of it appeared in other newspapers in many countries. On the 17th of August, another U boat, U-977 also arrived at Mar del Plata, further fuelling speculation. The commanders of these U-boats and their crews were arrested and interrogated by naval personnel from Argentina, the USA and the UK, they all concluded that the arrivals were innocuous and the crews were released. Two years later in 1947, Szabo published a book "Hitler is Alive" where he claimed these two U-boats had taken fleeing senior Nazis to Antarctica as part of a submarine convoy, the commander of U-977 in particular, Heinz Schaeffer denied this but the rumour still spread. In another version of the story, it is Hitler's ashes that were taken to Antarctica and placed in a special ice-cave along with Nazi treasure. Szabo claimed a Nazi Antarctic base called "New Berchetesgaden" had been built in 1938-39, this idea has been taken up by several authors over the years often building on earlier embellishments with tales becoming ever more fantastical as time went on. The submarine convoy and the "New Berchetesgaden" base both first appear when described by Szabo, there is no reference to either before his publications, subsequent publications refer to what he initially described and there has never been any evidence of either. Secret British Wartime operations While the Germans were not active in Antarctica during the war, the British were. Great Britain had claimed the sector of Antarctica between 20°W and 80°W and to the South Pole in 1908, Argentina claimed pretty much the same section from the mid 1920's and so did Chile in 1940, Argentina and Chile were both friendly with Germany. From February 1944 Great Britain occupied the region of their claim to rebut the competing claims from Argentina and Chile under the guise of obtaining information about German shipping raiders and U-boats in the region. A number of permanently manned bases were established to this end each with a handful of personnel under Operation Tabarin. Much scientific data was collected during this time and after the war, work continued as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey which later became the British Antarctic Survey. Operations Highjump and Windmill Operation Highjump 1946-47 and Operation Windmill 1947-48 (the Antarctic summer seasons) were United States Navy operations with Highjump being the largest ever group to go to Antarctica consisting of 4,700 men, 13 ships and 33 aircraft. The main purpose was to prepare for and practice techniques for cold weather warfare in polar conditions while being diplomatically far away from the Arctic and Russia. It was primarily a military exercise with a number of other important objectives such as establishing a research station, investigating further potential base sites, extending the sovereignty of the Unites States to an extensive region of the continent, and surveying the electromagnetic, geological, hydrographical and other scientifically important aspects of the physical environment. Operation Windmill was a follow-up much smaller exercise the following year, an important part of which was to obtain ground references for the 70,000 aerial photographs taken during Highjump the previous year. Helicopters were used extensively, hence the name Windmill being given to the operation. Nuclear Explosions In August and September 1958, three nuclear explosions were detonated by the United States as part of Operation Argus over the South Atlantic between 38.5° and 49.5° south between 2,280 and 3,500km north of Antarctica to the southwest of South Africa. These were high altitude bursts and as might be expected at the time at the height of the Cold War were shrouded in secrecy, though they were reported soon afterwards in 1961. Contortions of the Truth and Invented Narratives As we have seen above, the evidence-free stories about a Nazi Base in Antarctica began within a week of a submarine turning up somewhere unexpected shortly after the Nazi surrender in 1945. The items I outline above are factual, though they have been used repeatedly as a scaffold to support all manner of fantasies that may or may not fit together. There are a number of narratives from several authors which follow similar patterns with some variations. The basic story is that a German base in Antarctica was established just before the war by the Schwabenland, this was expanded during the war being regularly supplied by submarine deliveries, it was used to develop sophisticated secret weapons. This base was spied on by the British who attempted unsuccessfully to destroy it in an SAS raid in 1945. Operation Highjump was sent to attack the base, though they were repulsed by secret weapons (flying saucers are often mentioned), then eventually the base was destroyed by nuclear bombs in 1958. By the time of its eventual destruction the base is often described as being populated by hundreds or even thousands of people and defended by a range of sophisticated weaponry including the flying saucers. Of course all of the stories claim that there has been suppression of facts and evidence by the British, Americans and anyone else you care to name, the lack of evidence is therefore presented implicitly as evidence. While a lack of evidence makes something much less likely, the absence of evidence is not the same as the evidence of absence. What follows is a short account of why the claims of a secret Nazi base are not only baseless (did you see what I did there?) but ridiculous. For a more in depth explanation and discussion, see: Summerhayes and Beeching, (2007) Polar Record 43 (224): 1-21. Hitler's Antarctic Base: The Myth and the Reality download here The Secret Nazi Antarctic Base Different authors claim different building times and locations of the supposed Nazi base, sometimes it is described as being in a warm ice-free oasis with lakes, sometimes pictures of other areas are misrepresented or just plain faked. While there are ice-free or relatively ice-free areas in Antarctica, they are not warm, the lack of ice is due to the prevailing winds and low snow deposition, not melting. The supposed warm ice-free caves under the ice/ground and source of geothermal energy to supply the base do not exist in Dronning-Maud Land, while there is geothermal and even volcanic activity in other parts of Antarctica, this area is particularly geothermally quiet. Time and logistics. The base described as first built in 1939 is usually described as being about 250km inland across a previously unexplored and unmapped, crevassed and sloping ice shelf. The ship Schwabenland was in the area for about a month. Previous Antarctic bases that had been established by Scott, Shackleton, Amundsen and others took at least two weeks to construct the base buildings. The Germans were inexperienced in such things and transport across 250km of uncharted ice field would have been difficult and time consuming even for the experienced. The Dornier aircraft had a payload equivalent of about 10 people and being flying boats were unable to land and take off safely on a glacier or ice cap so could not have been used for transport. There was simply not enough time or the resources to build a base so far inland in such a short space of time even to house just a dozen or so men as had happened previously let alone the hundreds imagined by authors who described the base. There have now been well over 1,000 scientists who have visited the area of Newschwabenland, several scientific bases have been established there since the 1950's, the whole area has been mapped by satellite and considerable air traffic has criss-crossed the area, none of this has led to the reporting of even the slightest evidence of a wartime Nazi base. As it was supposedly built in an ice-free oasis, it would not have been buried by snow. British Operation Tabarin There is a claim that the British set up a base called Maudheim-1 (there are no records) in Dronning Maud Land during the war to observe the apparent Nazi base, this was supposedly attacked by the Nazis in July 1945 followed by SAS led (failed) retaliatory attacks from October to December that year. While Operation Tabarin was a military led wartime mission and secret at the time, all records are in the public domain and no base was ever built in Dronning Maud Land, which as it is in the Norwegian claimed sector is as expected. The main purpose of Operation Tabarin was to establish a British scientific presence in the British claimed sector where all of the wartime bases were built. These bases were all tiny with a compliment of between 4 and 9 men. There was no SAS presence in Antarctica during the war. There were three de-mobbed ex-SAS men in the Falkland Islands in 1945-46 after the war who became involved in the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, the civilian development of Operation Tabarin seeing the possibility for a civilian adventure in Antarctica. The SAS had been disbanded in October 1945 and would not be reformed until 1948. A number of bases were established in and around the Antarctic Peninsula area from February 1944, each was very small and they were frequently visited by shipping during the summer months with personnel being changed over or moved to other locations. They would also often be closed down and another opened as more or less advantageous places to build a base were discovered by trial and error. This perfectly normal and explicable behaviour has been suggested as being somehow significant or mysterious, it isn't. U-530 and U-977 Did these U-boats visit Antarctica before turning up in Argentina two months after the end of the war in Europe? Interrogation reports of the crews of these two submarines showed that U-530 was off New York when the news reached them of the German capitulation on the 8th of May 1945, while U-977 was off the coast of Norway. U-977 put 16 men ashore who chose to go near Bergen, and then the rest of the crew (now reduced from the normal number) made their way to German-friendly Argentina. Both boats had to travel quite slowly to conserve fuel, they travelled on the surface at night and below the surface during the day to avoid capture, this slowed them down further. The time taken for them to reach Argentina is exactly within the travelling time and speeds they could make during their separate journeys. Embellished claims were made that the U-530 that turned up in Argentina was in fact a much faster and larger boat than the "real" U-530, as usual without any evidence, even to the point where the supposed performance was significantly beyond any U boat in service. June and July when the submarines were claimed to be in Antarctica are the depths of winter there. Winter storms, 24 hour darkness and a formidable skirt of seasonal sea-ice 1-2m thick before the continent is even reached prevent any shipping operating in the winter even today, let alone small 1940's submarines without any ice strengthening. Satellite data shows that this sea-ice in the Dronning-Maud Land region extends from the coast by about 500km in May and June and 1,665km in July. Then there is the presence of huge ice-bergs, the difficulties of under-ice navigation and a 250km crevasse strewn inland journey largely in the dark with winter temperatures of down to -50°C once the submarines had landed. There is no evidence whatsoever of a convoy of submarines that these two boats were supposedly part of, going to Antarctica or elsewhere. Operation Highjump It is claimed by several authors with no supporting evidence that the purpose of Operation Highjump (1946-47) was to destroy the supposed Nazi base in Dronning-Maud Land. Highjump was primarily a military rather scientific expedition, one of a number at the time designed to prepare for potential cold weather warfare in the Arctic, while being diplomatically far enough away from the Arctic and Russia. It was widely written about in the press at the time and accompanied by 11 journalists rather than being secret as was the British Operation Tabarin. Books published shortly afterwards were written by people on the expedition and an official report released later in 1947. Though classified as confidential and not made available to the general public, it was never classified as secret, there was nothing in the official report that was substantially different to the report about Operation Highjump in a National Geographic magazine issue in 1947. Operation Highjump was centered on Little America IV, a new base that was built as part of the activities. This was on the Ross Ice Shelf on the opposite part of the continent to Dronning-Maud Land which was at the extreme limit of the planned exploration area. The ships didn't leave the USA until late in the season, December the 2nd 1946, and arrived late to the Ross Sea after meeting a 1000km wide belt of pack ice. They unloaded supplies and materials for the Little America IV base on the 15th of January 1947 and left again as winter began to arrive on the 23rd of February 1947 to avoid damage to the ships that didn't have ice strengthening. They did not leave as claimed in some more fantastical descriptions because they were chased off by "secret weapons" or "flying saucers" from the Nazi base on the other side of the continent. A short summer season is usual in the Ross Sea region due to variable sea-ice and the relatively unpredictable advent of the Austral winter, the whole operation got off to a late start and the weather-forced early end was not unanticipated. Activities of all kinds in Antarctica are primarily dependent on the weather and sea-ice conditions rather than strict dates on the calendar. It was intended to last longer than it did, but still only weeks rather than many months as sometimes claimed. Atom Bombs The invented narrative says that in 1958, 3 nuclear bombs were used to destroy the Nazi base in Dronning-Maud Land. The reality is that they were high altitude test explosions for a particular purpose of potentially interfering with radar, radio and electronics of satellites and missiles. They were exploded between 2,280 and 3,500km north of Antarctica. Antarctica is a much studied environment in part because it is clean with virtually no pollution. Ice cores taken show peaks of radioactive fallout from 1950's and 60's nuclear tests thousands of km away in chronological order as they are trapped within seasonal snowfall and accumulation and so recorded. Nuclear explosions directly over Dronning-Maud Land in 1958 would show dramatic peaks of radio isotopes if they happened, no such evidence has ever been found in any ice cores taken. 1958 was part of the International Geophysical Year when there was great international co-operation to study the polar regions including the establishment of many temporary and permanent scientific bases. At this time there were Belgian, British, Japanese and Norwegian scientists living on newly established bases in the area, nuclear explosions would have been noticed and reported. Conclusions A sledge hammer to crack a nut maybe? Any sensible minded person wouldn't give the Nazi Antarctic base fantasy the time of day. The time it has taken me to write this page or for Messers. Summerhayes and Beeching to research and write their excellent paper debunking the ideas formally is arguably beyond what the effort is worth. After all, anyone who might consider such things as true is probably not going to bother reading a detailed analysis about why they can't possibly be so. Admiral Byrd and his Trip to Antarctica and Testing the Firmament. Something is found in Antarctica, most likely the edge of the dome, then the area is shut down and kept by various countries around the world; the treaty of which has never been violated. The next event to occur is “operation fishbowl project Dominic” (1962), translated it reads fishbowl of the Lord, a very peculiar name wouldn’t you say? During this operation, both the United States and the Soviet Union launch nuke after nuke straight up into the sky. Why? Many others in the truth community believe they were testing the boundaries of the firmament. Here’s a quote from Dr. John Mack, Dept. of Defense during operation fishbowl, “Nothing has or ever will penetrate the glass dome”. If you found out you lived inside of an enclo

A Strangers Guide to the #FlatEarth | A comprehensive beginners course that thoroughly explains the answers to 21 of the most frequently asked questions about flat earth. Journey through the list from beginning to end while all the "loose ends" are tied up by the time it's over. Share with you friends, family and loved ones. The #earth is most definitely #flat and it is important for us to understand. 21 Questions: 01. Where’s the edge? 02. Where does the sun go if the #earth is flat? 03. What’s underneath the #flatearth ? 04. What about ships & boats disappearing over the horizon? 05. What about all the pictures of the #earth ? 06. Why are all the other planets round? 07. What about satellites and GPS? 08. Is outer space even real? 09. How is circumnavigation possible on flat earth? 10. How come the moon is upside down in the southern hemisphere? 11. What about seasons? 12. What about gravity? 13. What about the Coriolis Effect? 14. Why can’t I see infinitely far? 15. Is the #flatearth a religious thing? 16. Is the #flatearthsociety behind the resurgence of the #flatearth? 17. Are all scientists, pilots and members of the government in on it? 18. #NASA isn’t the only space agency. Are all the others in on it? 19. Well then who’s responsible for this deception? 20. Why the lie? 21. What’s it mean if the #earth is flat?

Proving Stranger's Guide And Course Flat Earth A comprehensive beginners course that thoroughly explains the answers to 21 of the most frequently asked questions about flat earth. Journey through the list from beginning to end while all the "loose ends" are tied up by the time it's over. Share with you friends, family and loved ones. The #earth is most definitely #flat and it is important for us to understand. 21 Questions: 01. Where’s the edge? 02. Where does the sun go if the #earth is flat? 03. What’s underneath the #flatearth ? 04. What about ships & boats disappearing over the horizon? 05. What about all the pictures of the #earth ? 06. Why are all the other planets round? 07. What about satellites and GPS? 08. Is outer space even real? 09. How is circumnavigation possible on flat earth? 10. How come the moon is upside down in the southern hemisphere? 11. What about seasons? 12. What about gravity? 13. What about the Coriolis Effect? 14. Why can’t I see infinitely far? 15. Is the #flatearth a religious thing? 16. Is the #flatearthsociety behind the resurgence of the #flatearth? 17. Are all scientists, pilots and members of the government in on it? 18. #NASA isn’t the only space agency. Are all the others in on it? 19. Well then who’s responsible for this deception? 20. Why the lie? 21. What’s it mean if the #earth is flat? So where's the edge? who's to say that there is an edge and why assume there is one? is it because when we are introduced to the idea of a flat earth it's always depicted like this? in the currently most accepted model Antarctica is not a continent, but a 360 degree landmass made up of ice that holds the oceans within. when we look at a Gleason's map from 1892 that states at the top that it's scientifically and practically correct as is we see this Antarctic ice rim. the Gleason's map is basically an azimuthal equidistant projection which can be traced back to the year 1000. the AE map is also an official map of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the official logo for the United Nations. the oldest known globe in the world is from 1492 this is something you need to keep in mind because many people argue that the azimuthal equidistant map is just a flattened out version of the globe when in fact the globe is just a rounded version of this true world flat map. if the flat map came first and it has the ability to convert into a globe without any problems whatsoever then that should tell you a little bit about how this globe deception was achieved. now back to if there is an edge or not. there is no proof that there is an edge past the Antarctic ice wall, but it is speculated by many that perhaps the plane that we live on is either extremely expensive or it's possibly endless. in these two scenarios it would be logically assumed that more land as being hidden from the general public in a 1954 interview with Admiral Richard E bird, an American naval officer who specialized in exploration, he had this to say: "but strangely enough left in the world today is an area as big as the United States that's never been seen by human being and that's beyond the pole on the other side of the South Pole from Middle America and I think it's quite astonishing that it should be an area as big as that unexplored." implying that there is more land past Antarctica. if that uninhabited land was on a globe it would be in the Indian Ocean. a recent discovery of an old Buddhist map in a newspaper from 1907 seems to support the idea of a vast plain with much more land. Where does the Sun go if the earth is flat? well the Sun neither rises nor sets, but travels in a clockwise circuit from east to west and only appears to rise and set due to perspective. the Sun disappears at the vanishing point of human perspective on the horizon where the ground meets the sky and since the sun is not 93 million miles away I repeat NOT 93 million miles away, but much closer and smaller the light emanating from the Sun only illuminates about half of the flat plane at once as it makes its daily journey. What's underneath the flat earth? this is obviously an unanswerable question since the assumed edge has never been known to be reached, but many people suppose that whether the earth is round or flat that either way it still must be floating in the middle of outer space, but the idea of outer space goes out the window with the round earth theory. many religious text support an immovable earth that has its foundations on which it is laid and its pillars by which it is supported. we simply don't know, but we do know that the earth is obviously fixed in place as we can tell by our everyday experience of non movement. what we see in the skies above are illuminated objects making circles around us just as it appears. whatever this place maybe it's the center of all we survey. some say that the earth is the floor of the universe. in the ancient Hebrew conception of the universe we are surrounded by the waters above and the waters below known as the great deep. the deepest hole ever drilled into the earth was a total of about seven and a half miles. the very core of the earth is nothing more than wild speculation if not another malicious lie. so what's under the earth? that remains a mystery to us all, but another thing that you can research is what's inside the earth. multi-billion dollar deep underground military bases known as dumbs D.U.M.B's. What about ships and boats disappearing over the horizon? this is also due to human perspective. they don't go over the horizon. they go into the horizon, moving beyond the limit of our vision and passed the vanishing point, but the ships and boats are easily brought back into view with a pair of binoculars a telescope and any camera with a good zoom lens. a great question to ask yourself is why can't we see noticeable curvature from 120,000 feet up, but many people claim that the supposed curvature can be seen from the ground by watching boats? it doesn't make sense. What about all the pictures of the earth? they are all clearly computer-generated images they claim this picture from apollo 17 in 1972 Is real and they also claim that the 2015 epic earth picture is real, but NASA employee Robert Simmon gave us a glimpse of how they do it when he shared his experience of creating the blue marble 2.0 in 2002. he is now called mr. blue marble. he was interviewed and on record stating "the last time anyone took a photograph from above low Earth orbit that showed an entire hemisphere one side of the globe was in 1972 during Apollo 17 NASA's Earth observing system EOS satellites were designed to give a check-up of Earth's health by 2002 we finally had enough data to make a snapshot of the entire Earth so we did." in 2002, blue marble 2.0. NASA's Rob Simmon made this. Simmon's job is... it's primarily taking data and making pictures out of it. that's what this is. a composite of data sets from several different instruments translated into a picture. so we actually had to take clouds and out. stashed the clouds for later went on to the ocean that came from an instrument that measures phytoplankton in the sea. where it was low, I color it dark blue because they're low mostly in mid oceans and then where it's a little bit higher, it was like a little bit brighter green, then add the clouds back in. there is a small problem with it because there's a very slight gap in between each orbit so some of those are painted on. it is photoshopped but it has to be. then there was another layer to sort of simulate the atmosphere and then there's this little bright spot, it's called the specular highlight. so it's the reflection of sunlight off of water. those are the pieces, but you can't just slap them all together just didn't look realistic it looks kind of flat or the clouds are sort of to see through so i just hit command + Z a lot. there's artistry to creating the world. what I imagined it to be. unfortunately i'm not an astronaut. I've never been to space, but I've looked at these images over and over again trying to sort of get the essence of it. It is photoshopped but it has to be. it is photoshopped but it has to be. it is photoshopped but it has to be. it is photoshopped but it has to be. Why are all the other planets around then? when you compare amateur footage done with professional grade cameras and compare it to NASA's official images of planets and stars, it's clear that NASA images are all computer-generated. no different than the photos of Earth. what have become known as planets are round lights that seem to be set over the flat earth. the so-called planets and stars are not what we have been told they are and comparing luminous objects that you see in the sky to the earth under your feet is very ineffective for actually proving the supposed rotundity of the earth. since there are no actual photographs of the earth and motion has never been experienced or proven, it would seem more logical for one to assume that we are on a flat motionless plain and everything we see in the heavens revolves around us. What about satellites and GPS? as crazy as it may sound, satellites are a hoax. have you ever wondered why there are never any damaged or fallen satellites? and why there are no satellite malfunctions due to constant heating and cooling? it's weird they don't melt in the thermosphere that's over 2,000 degrees. I find myself looking at the moon and wondering why we never see satellites pass by the moon. did you know there are thousands of miles of fiber optic cables under the seabed that supplies 90% of the Earth's communication? internet, phones, etc. and GPS works off of cell phone towers. it's called triangulation. haven't you seen those really tall towers and wondered what they are? satellite TV is just enhanced radio using ground-based towers it's all ground-based just like the old TV antenna. science fiction author arthur c. clarke proposed the idea of geostationary satellites in 1945 in a magazine called wireless world and twenty years later in 1965 they claim to have successfully launched the first commercial geostationary communication satellite. today there are said to be thousands, but the odd thing is that trying to prove it only leaves you fruitless. Is outer space even real? yes and no. what you see in the sky as far as stars and wandering stars also known as planets are there. how could we deny them? we don't know what they actually are, but they are there. now what we are told about outer space and what it is is not true at all. everything we believe about so-called outer space is due mostly to Hollywood movies and other media including children's cartoons. of course NASA propaganda is the biggest culprit. as we have already gone over there are no pictures of Earth and even images of all the other so-called planets are computer generated. NASA has gone on record numerous times stating that humans can't get past low Earth orbit. NASA's next spacecraft already being built and tested across America will do those things and more. this is the spacecraft that's going to take humans to explore the solar system it's the next big step for NASA and exploration. called the Orion multi-purpose crew vehicle or MPCV this next generation spacecraft will enable America to explore beyond low-earth orbit. as we get further away from earth will pass through the Van Allen belts. an area of dangerous radiation but orion has protection. shielding will be put to the test as the vehicle cuts through the waves of radiation. sensors aboard will record radiation levels for scientists to study. we must solve these challenges before we send people through this region of space. plan that NASA has is to build a rocket called SLS which is a heavy lift rocket. it's something that is much bigger than what we have today and it will be able to launch the Orion capsule with humans on board as well as Landers or other components to get to destinations beyond Earth orbit. right now we only can fly in Earth orbit. that's the farther so we can go and this new system that we're building is going to allow us to go beyond and hopefully take humans into the solar system to explore. so the moon, Mars, asteroids, there's a lot of destinations that we could go to and we're building these building block components in order to allow us to do that eventually. and unlike the previous program, we are setting a course with specific and achievable milestones. early in the next decade a set of crude flights will test and prove the systems required for exploration beyond low Earth orbit. low Earth orbit is supposedly between 99 and 1,200 miles away. the funny thing is that they say the moon is over 200,000 miles away. how did we make it so far in the 1960's and 1970's if we can't do it today? also the International Space Station, just like everything else brought to us by NASA, is a fake free masonic hoax completely fabricated and done with special effects, models, pools, zero g planes and various other camera tricks. How is circumnavigation possible on a flat earth? very easily. you can travel east and west directions to ultimately end up right back where you started. the face of the earth looks similar to that of a clock. in fact, clocks were most likely designed after the true appearance of our world. if you follow a compass east for long enough you'll make a full circuit. same thing if you travel west long long enough. as we've already gone over, the flat earth map that was around before globes were easily converts to a globe. so everything you believe you are doing on a globe is actually taking place on a flat earth. How come the moon is upside down in the southern hemisphere? this is another very simple explanation. when somebody is in the northern part of the earth. or on the northern part of the earth, they see the moon from this angle. when somebody is on the southern part of the earth the moon looks like this. they're looking at it from this angle. they see it from the opposite angle. that's all it is. imagine you tape a picture of the moon in the center of your living room. depending on where you are in the room the moon will be seen differently. when pondering this question, keep in mind that the face of the moon never changes. on a spherical earth we'd expect to see other sides, but we never have. What about the seasons? the Sun is close and small and it circles around and above the flat earth in a spiral pattern. on the tropic of cancer in the northern summer months and then down in the tropic of capricorn in the northern winter months. so when the Sun is further away from the North Pole, the center of the flat earth, it's winter in the north and summer in the south. since the sun is smaller than we are told and closer it makes much more sense that we experience seasons in the first place. if the Sun was 93 million miles away and had a radius of over 400,000 miles we would hardly experience temperature fluctuation as we do. What about gravity? gravity is necessary in order for a spinning ball earth to work. people readily believe that you can't fall off of a spinning ball that's darting through outer space at speeds that you can't even comprehend, yet they will deny how much easier it is to stay on a flat surface that doesn't move. gravity is a scapegoat for all that cannot be explained and it has never been proven. the reason why things fall or float is because of density and buoyancy. if something is heavier than air it falls. if it's lighter than air it floats. very straightforward. your phone is denser than the air. therefore it falls when you drop it. everything works because of density no need to factor in imaginary components. quote "the law of gravitation is said by the advocates of the Newtonian system of astronomy to be the greatest discovery of science and the foundation of the whole of modern astronomy. if therefore it can be shown that gravitation is a pure assumption and an imagination of the mind only, that it has no existence outside of the brains of its expanders and advocates, the whole of the hypotheses of this modern so-called science fall to the ground as flat as the surface of the ocean and this most exact of all Sciences, this wonderful feet of the intellect, becomes at once the most ridiculous superstition and the most gigantic imposture to which ignorance and credulity could ever be exposed. Thomas Winship, zetetic cosmogony What about the Coriolis effect? they say that the Coriolis effect is a result of the earth spinning and is responsible for the deflection of an object moving above the earth, rightward in the northern hemisphere and leftward in the southern hemisphere. the problem is that things like hurricanes and water in the sink aren't always predictable and have been known to spin both ways in either hemisphere. also another contradiction that proves the Coriolis effect false is the fact that no flying machine above the earth has to account for it. if a bullet that travels 1,700 miles per hour has to account for the effect than an airplane traveling at 550 miles per hour would definitely have to account for the effect. when you look for the answer you'll find that we are told that since the atmosphere moves with the spin of the earth, planes aren't affected. so why would bullets be, especially when they go much faster than common airplanes? Why can't I see infinitely far? this is for the people that wonder why they can't see certain things that they believe they should be able to see if the earth was flat. I've been asked on numerous occasions "why can't I see Mount Everest from anywhere on earth?" I've also been asked "why can't I see spain from the east coast of America?" well, besides dirt, dust, dew, rain, fog, smog, smoke, clouds, mist, haze, snow, etc, your vision is limited by the vanishing point of your perception. check your weather app on your phone and notice the visibility in your area. Is the flat earth a religious thing? yes and no. i say this because, i myself, am not religious.I'd rather not have faith in something, but know the facts to the best of my ability and the facts are that the curvature and motion of the earth have never been proven. the Bible without any doubt whatsoever supports an earth that's fixed in place The Book of Enoch which is biblically endorsed and most likely belongs in the Bible describes the flat stationary enclosed earth in great detail. many religions and civilizations preceding Judaism and Christianity support a flat and stationary earth such as the Babylonians, the Egyptians the Mayans, the Norse, the Hindus, etc. this fantastic spinning globe earth is very new to the people of the world, yet most of us carry on as if the theory is unquestionable and we've been conditioned to laugh when the flat earth is brought up. whether you are religious or not, you can see the flat earth for yourself. Is the flat earth society behind the resurgence of the flat earth? no. the flat earth society is designed as a containment unit. gatekeepers that tell the truth about some stuff. but then lie about other things in order to make it appear ridiculous or steer you in the wrong direction. for instance this is what F.E.S has to say about gravity "in the Flat Earth model gravity rather than being a force is the upward acceleration of the flat earth. the earth always accelerates upward at one g which is equivalent to the gravitational acceleration in the round earth model. like the force of gravity, the Earth's acceleration causes several commonly observed phenomenon in our daily lives. if that isn't the biggest turnoff I don't know what is. the flat earth argument has never died. it only died down. real flat earthers have always been among us, but it wasn't until late 2014 early 2015 when Eric dubay started making a lot of noise about the flat earth conspiracy and got people like myself on board. it took me 10 months of research before finally accepting the truth about where we live. thanks to the many great flat earth researchers, content creators and activists since then, more and more people are waking up to the massive deception every day. Are all scientists, pilots and members of the government in on it? No most scientists, pilots and members of the government's have been indoctrinated just as the rest of us have. when they work at their everyday job, they go about it as if the earth is most certainly spherical. if indeed some of these people did know the earth is flat, they most likely wouldn't even speak out about it in fear of losing their job or ruining their reputation. the average scientist goes about everything they do with the spherical earth already factored in. for mainstream science, questioning our current model is a huge no-no. for pilots, computers do most of their work. not to take away from what they do because i personally appreciate it and also pilots often switch out and stops making it difficult to understand the real lay out of Earth's landmasses. as far as government members and politicians go besides high-ranking officials at NASA which isn't government at all, it's safe to assume that they are not in the know and they are not knowingly perpetrating this lie. very few people compared to the population of the world are enlightened to the flat earth. NASA isn't the only space agency, are the others in on it too? the answer is yes here's a short clip on what you need to know. the vector. NASA's official logo. if you've ever looked at NASA's official logo both their official insignia and their official seal, you'll see that most prominent object in the in the seal is a a red swishing object. they call that the chevron or the vector. if you ask NASA public affairs office why this symbology is featured so heavily in their insignia and seal they'll give you what really amounts to the standard facile cover story for the unilluminated. They'll tell you that that is a representation of a hypersonic wing design from the 1950's which was the time the logo was created. not exactly the case. someone might want to ask the russian federal space agency, roscosmos that was formed in 1992, why they chose that same logo and while you're at it you can go ask the Chinese,who formed their space agency in 1996, why in the world they're using the hypersonic wing design from the nineteen fifties as their official logo. then you can ask the Japanese and South Koreans, Taiwanese, malaysia, mexico, Iran.all of these countries even bulgaria. they all utilize the vector symbology in the space agency logos for their international space agencies. it gets even deeper. you can go look at the individual manned program patches for NASA of the Mercury program for example. blatant use of covert symbology in every logo dealing with the Mercury program. we will see what looks like a number seven in their logo and again, NASA's official story is that they put this number seven there so that they could pay homage to the original seven mercury astronauts, kind of forgetting the fact that only six mercury astronauts actually flew into space. because number seven never never did. he had a heart problem so he didn't get to go up so there were only six mercury astronauts. yes there's a seven in every single logo that's in the official mission and say for official program insignia for mercury as well as the six individual mission patches carry this member and it carries on to the space shuttle program if you look at the Apollo program the Apollo logo has a big letter and that's what they want you to but it's not again that's just the simple way of explaining away the inclusion of this vector symbology and the local if you go to the space shuttle program the original space shuttle sts program patch is a triangular patch that again hides the use of the shamrock vector symbology and that also goes for many of the sts specific mission patches every single one of the International Space Station expedition patches carry the vector symbology the russian air space station use the vector symbology that was there there official logo you can even go deeper and look at military industrial complex companies look at the logo on a company like Lockheed Martin two vectors the XPrize logo ames research labs US Space Command we get into the military realm the United States base commander official logo is the vector symbol and when you look at the military's individual space specific programs all of them all of them deal with vector symbology and their official insignia and the question really becomes who or what are these people paying homage to let's look at nasa's earth rise now let's look at Jaxa's Earthrise. do you believe this is real Who's responsible for this deception? you will find that the Jesuits and the Vatican have been intimately involved in all things space, including owning the earliest telescopes and to this day the largest owners of observatories and telescopes in the world. the society of Jesuits have been actively spreading the heliocentric theory for 500 years while trying to bury thousands of years of Flat Earth cosmology. the Jesuits are rulers of all powers that we are aware of and have been ruthless in their pursuit of world domination for centuries. no matter who is killed or what has to be done to establish a one world order out of chaos. they rule over or are deeply partnered with people like the Rothschilds and many other international banksters, secret societies, especially the Freemasons as well as zionist jews and especially zionist jews in seats of power. they rule over all the alphabet agencies and government think tanks including the NSA, CIA, FBI, Mossad, KGB, roundtable, committee of 300, Tavistock Institute, Lucis trust publishing, bilderberg group and the Council of Foreign Relations including representative government and legislation like the US presidency Congress and the Supreme Court. the jesuits order is said to have been established by Jews, again showing that the Jews are behind some of the biggest hoaxes in history, including the Holocaust. Freemasons are also spread out all over the world to further the different agendas that serve this Illuminati elite. Why the lie? their desire is to convince us that we are only one of a septillion other planets flying through infinite space. a septillion? where do they get these numbers? a septillion has 24 zeros. they want us to think that we are nothing more than a cosmic accident caused by a big *** that took place 14 billion years ago. again where do they get these numbers? how one could draw that conclusion is unknown. they want us not to understand our origin and go on believing that life is meaningless. they want us to believe that alien life is real and that they created us. look no further than ancient aliens for the propaganda. not to mention countless shows and movies they program us with. this isn't just about flat earth vs. round earth. it's much bigger than that. whatever they plan on doing needed the spherical earth groundwork laid before they could proceed. they may either shock us with a fake alien invasion or a disclosure of the beings that have always been among us passed off as life from distant galaxies. who knows? another reason to turn the earth into a ball is to hide extra land. if this is a vast plain and there are places past Antarctica with more oceans and more land masses, then an easy way to get rid of them is to wrap our part of this plain around a ball and make it seem as if there is nothing else and everything has already been discovered. the globe is full fledged slavery for inquiring minds. "I like to be an explorer like the great Magellan." "oh! you're too late. there's really nothing left to explore." What does it mean if the earth is flat? it means that the origin of man is deliberately being covered up from us. man woman child you are being deceived on a massive scale. flat earth, enclosed flat earth, expansive plane flat earth or even infinite plane flat earth with an infinite ceiling barrier or possibly another plane of existence above us and below us. it means that this place was created. that you were designed. you were crafted. you are special and with purpose. a purpose being hidden from you on purpose. we are supposed to know our world and our reason for being. we've been swallowed whole by this economic fiat money system that controls absolutely everything and rules this manufactured reality. most of us know that we are slaves and it's no wonder we desire to escape through movies, TV shows and video games that happen to also further our programming and mental conditioning. we were never meant to live like this and knowledge of our flat earth is a step in the right direction. it's something that can't be taken from us it's the fuel that we need to let these *** know that we won't go down in ignorance. we will not willingly accept their one world authority that wants to rule over all mind and all matter. embrace this flat world of ours and free your mind from the globalist mind control. it's time that we stand up for ourselves and our beautiful earth. all I want to know is who's coming with me? space may be the final frontier, but it's made in a hollywood basement. have you ever dreamed of going up to outer space or maybe meeting other beings from another place? have you ever wondered what it's like on other planets then you watch a science show and come to believe you understand it? you feel empowered by the knowledge and you feel enlightened listening to bill nye and neil degrasse tyson. but then you wake up and you start to see the obvious. life is just a lie and this whole world and what we thought it was. NASA's missions to the moon were never completed. they just filmed them in a room and people believe it. I used to wonder what it's like to be an astronaut, now when I see them acting I can't help but to laugh a lot. they give us cartoons and then claim that we live on the ball, but it's flat and it's not moving or spinning at all. why you lying to us, man? that's something that we want to know after that you're going to have to pack up all your stuff and go. space may be the final frontier, but it's made in a hollywood basement. history has been rewritten by winners of wars - the jesuit order, khazars, Freemasons and more. they pulled the veil over our eyes and it's time to awaken. through organized indoctrination our minds have been taken. it's time we take our power back and we rescue our people. the Vatican and the bankers are like resident evil. they may have had the greatest plan that was ever concocted, but Illuminati never thought that they'd ever be spotted. their manufacturing reality all in our heads. they tell us if the earth is flat we'll fall off the edge, but if it is the spinning ball we won't fall off and then and gravity is our imaginary magic friend. why is water always flat when unmanipulated? why are pictures of the earth computer-generated? why you lying to us, man? that's something that we want to know. after that you're going to have to pack up all your stuff and go. space may be the final frontier, but it's made in a hollywood basement Dear NASA, it's coming 100% crystal clear that you and the other space programs that are in operation are connected and are deceiving the entire world. More and more people are waking up every single day and we are now able to see right through you, but what we really want to know is why are you lying? sincerely, Me and the great people of this earth CATEGORY: GRAVITY Air Density vs Object’s Weight At a lower altitude, the air is denser, and objects weigh more. On the other hand, at a higher altitude, the air is less dense, and objects weigh less. Flat-Earthers deny gravity and invented the “explanation” that an object falls only because it is denser than the air surrounding it. But if it were true, objects should weigh more at a higher altitude where the air is less dense. But they weigh less instead, disproving flat-Earthers’ density theory. Gravitational Acceleration in Archimedes’ Formula Archimedes’ principle states that the upward buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. Today we usually use B = -ρgV to calculate the buoyant force, where ρ is the fluid’s density, g is the gravitational acceleration, and V is the volume of the displaced fluid. Archimedes discovered buoyancy earlier than Newton discovered gravity, and flat-Earthers dispute the presence of g in the buoyancy formula. In reality, buoyancy depends on the weight of the fluid, and the distinction between weight and mass only occurred after Newton. Archimedes’ principle still applies, only that we now have a better understanding of what weight is. Newton discovered that the weight of a body on Earth’s surface is caused by gravity exerted by Earth’s mass on the body. Because the strength of Earth’s gravity varies, the weight of an object also depends on its location on Earth. Due to this fact, Newton separated weight into mass and gravitational acceleration. Mass is an intrinsic property of a body whose magnitude is constant despite being affected by the varying strength of Earth’s gravity. In Archimedes’ time, we only knew about weight, we have not yet discovered that weight is actually caused by gravity, and we did not know that weight varies depending on the location. Because the weight of an object can vary, then the magnitude of buoyancy also varies. The existence of g in the buoyancy formula is there to account for the difference. Isaac Newton and the Falling Apple The fall of an apple inspired Isaac Newton to understand that the same force that brought the apple falling toward the ground also keeps the Moon in motion around Earth. However, his work involved much more than just observing the falling apple. Flat-Earthers downplay Newton’s contribution as if it was only about the falling Apple and use the episode as a means of ridicule. In reality, Newton’s works were much more than that. Newton wrote the “Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica” to explain gravity, mechanics, and other topics. It consists of three books, with the following contents: Book 1: motion without resisting medium, infinitesimal calculus, Kepler’s second law, circular motion, orbital path, inverse-square law, eccentric orbit, three-body problem, shell theorem. Book 2: motion through resisting medium, resistance vs. velocity, hydrostatics, compressible fluids, derivation of Boyle’s law, the air resistance of pendulums, speed of waves, speed of sound. Book 3: universal gravitation, the orbital motion of the Moon, the orbital motion of the satellites of Jupiter, the motion of comets, tides, the precession of the equinoxes, heliocentrism. To formulate the law of gravity, Newton has to invent calculus in the first place. It is an entire field in mathematics and used in other branches of science, not just physics and mathematics. Variation of Earth’s Gravitational Acceleration The acceleration of free-falling objects on Earth varies. It depends on various factors. The figure of 9.8 m/s² is just a nominal value to use if the actual local value is unknown or unimportant. These variations can only be explained using the law of gravity and that the Earth is a rotating sphere. Flat-Earthers claim that science tells us that Earth’s gravitational acceleration is always 9.8 m/s² everywhere on Earth, and they use it as “evidence” Earth is flat and stationary. But, in reality, Earth’s gravitational acceleration does indeed vary in different locations. The value of 9.8 m/s² is only an approximation. It is very close to the actual value everywhere on Earth, and close enough for most practical applications. The real value does differ by about 0.5%. An object at the poles will weight approximately 0.5% more than at the Equator. The various factors that determine the magnitude of Earth’s gravity: Latitude. The equator is farther away from the center of the Earth than the poles. The equator is also getting the highest centrifugal acceleration due to Earth’s rotation. Altitude. Greater altitude means greater distance from Earth’s center of gravity, and therefore causes a weaker gravity. Depth. If we go deeper below Earth’s surface, gravity becomes weaker because the mass above us will pull us upward instead of down. Local topography & geology. Denser rocks under the ground below us will cause a stronger gravity. Taking a scale to another location will no longer result in the correct measurement and will require recalibration. These gravity variations can only adequately be explained using the law of gravity and that Earth is a rotating sphere. What We Feel as “Weight” is the Force of Gravity The weight of an object is the force exerted on the object by gravity. The gravitational force exerted by the Earth on an object is what we feel as the ‘weight’ of the object. Many flat-Earthers fail to understand that the gravitational force is just another name for ‘weight’. Much misinformation in flat Earth communities arises from this misunderstanding. One of the most common misconceptions found in the flat Earth community is that if gravity is so strong that it can make ocean water stick on Earth, it should affect objects that weigh less, like feathers & dandelions, with a far stronger force. What we experience as the weight of an object is, in reality, the force of gravity itself, which is exerted by Earth’s mass on the object. The more massive an object, then the greater is its weight, or in other words, the greater the gravitational force exerted by the Earth on the object. And as a result, it would require more force to lift the object. Force Vectors Many misinformation within flat-Earth communities is present only because of their lack of understanding on how forces work on an object. A force is described by a vector. It has magnitude and direction. A single object can be affected by more than one force at the same time. These forces can be added together, resulting in what we call the ‘resultant’. The object will move according to the magnitude and direction of the resultant. Forces can cancel each other out and results in a zero resultant. But it does not mean these forces don’t exist. An insignificant force can be omitted in a calculation for simplification. But it doesn’t mean the force does not exist. A force might have the opposite direction from the resultant. But it doesn’t mean the force does not exist. This basic knowledge on how forces and vectors work can be used to answer these kinds of misconceptions: “Helium balloon move upward. So, gravity does not exist.” “Satellites are not falling to the Earth. So, gravity does not exist.” “A feather can fly away because of wind. So, gravity does not exist.” “Throwing a ball does not require us to account for the Coriolis effect. So, the Coriolis effect does not exist.” Other similar misinformation can be found within the flat-Earth community and can be quickly answered using this basic knowledge of physics. Newton’s Cannonball Newton’s cannonball was a thought experiment Isaac Newton used to explain the principle of orbital motion. It was the first explanation of an orbit and still the easiest to understand. Newton visualizes a cannon on top of a very tall mountain where the air resistance is no longer a factor. As more charge is used with each cannon shot, the speed of the cannonball will be greater, and the cannonball will hit the ground farther and farther. Finally, at a certain speed, it will not hit the ground at all. It will fall toward the spherical Earth just as fast as the Earth curves away from it. In the absence of drag from the atmosphere, it will continue forever in orbit around the Earth. Hill Sphere The Moon orbits the Earth —not the Sun— because the Moon lies well within Earth’s Hill sphere. Hill sphere is the region around Earth where Earth —instead of the Sun— dominates the attraction of satellites. Flat-Earthers noticed the Sun exerts a stronger pull to the Moon than Earth does to the Moon. They incorrectly concluded that according to science, the Moon should orbit the Sun, then proceeded to use it to discredit science. In reality, they did not account for the centrifugal acceleration resulting from the motion around the Sun, which is one of the factors that determines Earth’s Hill sphere. The Moon is affected by the Sun’s and Earth’s gravity and the centrifugal acceleration from the motion of the Earth-Moon system around the Sun. A satellite tends to orbit Earth —not the Sun— if Earth’s gravity + the centrifugal acceleration is greater than the Sun’s gravity. The satellite’s distance from Earth determines that. The farther it is from the Earth, the stronger the attraction the Sun exerts to the satellite. The region where Earth’s gravity + the centrifugal acceleration is greater than the Sun’s gravity is called the Hill sphere of Earth. Earth’s Hill sphere is ~1500000 km. The Moon is 384400 km away, well within Earth’s Hill sphere. Therefore, the Moon orbits Earth, not the Sun. Calculations The Moon’s case: Sun’s distance = 1 AU Moon’s distance = 406700 km (the farthest point from Earth) Sun’s gravitational acceleration = G * solar mass / (AU-406700 km)^2 = 0.00596433161 m / s² Earth’s gravitational acceleration = (G * earth mass) / ((406700 km)^2) = 0.00240977603 m / s² Centrifugal acceleration = ((G * solar mass) / (AU^3)) * (AU – (406700 km)) = 0.00591581945 m / s² Total acceleration away from the Sun = 0.00240977603 m / s² + 0.00591581945 m / s² = 0.00832559548 m / s² Because Sun’s gravitational acceleration is less than the total acceleration away from the Sun, then it is possible for the Moon to orbit Earth. The case of an object at the edge of Earth’s Hill sphere: Sun’s distance = 1 AU Object’s distance = 1500000 km Sun’s gravitational acceleration = G * solar mass / (AU-1500000 km)^2 = 0.00605271739m / s² Earth’s gravitational acceleration = (G * earth mass) / ((1500000 km)^2) = 0.00017715055 m / s² Centrifugal acceleration = ((G * solar mass) / (AU^3)) * (AU – (1500000 km)) = 0.00587246725 m / s² Total acceleration away from the Sun = 0.00017715055 m / s² + 0.00587246725 m / s² = 0.0060496178 m / s² The sun’s gravitational acceleration is about the same as the total acceleration away from the Sun. It will not be possible for an object here to have a stable orbit around Earth, nor around the Sun. But it is possible to have a stable orbit around this point at the edge of Earth’s Hill sphere, which is called the Lagrangian point L1. Elegance Our understanding of gravity explains a phenomenon clearly and directly. It is one idea, easy to understand, explains so many phenomena, can account for a large amount of data, and answers many questions. In other words, we can say that gravity is elegant. In contrast, each of the different concepts in the flat Earth model requires a separate explanation and often in conflict with each other. We can say it is ugly. It is why flat-Earthers cannot accept that a single idea of gravity can explain so many phenomena. In the beginning, Newton brought up the idea that everyday things falling down and the motion of planets are actually caused by the same phenomenon that he called gravity. In time, we also know gravity can also explain so many other things and led us to understand things we previously don’t know. On the other hand, flat-Earthers are so used to inventing new “explanations” for every different phenomenon, which often in conflict with each other. They think that gravity can explain so many things is ridiculous and impossible, and that scientists are just making that up. Flat-Earthers often mention the many things that are explained by gravity to ridicule our position. In reality, gravity can, in fact, explain these things consistently. There is nothing ridiculous about that. What is Gravity In a StarTalk episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson was given the question “what is gravity?” He quipped “we have no idea” before elaborating more. Flat-Earthers quoted it out of context to discredit Neil and gravity, completely disregarding what Neil explained afterward. In reality, Neil did provide a very comprehensive answer to the question “what is gravity” but flat-Earthers only gave an emphasis to the “we have no idea” part of his answer, and skipped the rest of his answer. You were meant to ask the question in life. So, to say what is it, I think Einstein, in an Einsteinian answer, we’d say gravity is the curvature of space and time. And that an object will follow the curvature of spacetime, and we interpret that as a force of gravity. That’s probably the best answer I can give to a “what is gravity” question, or why is there a gravity. That’s the best I can do. I think that’s a good start. And I can also say that Einstein noted that matter tells space how to curve, space tells matter how to move. Yeah, so, matter and energy will curve the fabric of space. It is the curvature that tells other matter how to move in a curvature of space itself. And so Einstein juxtaposes those in a poetic phrase where he said matter tells space how to curve, space tells matter how to move. It’s beautiful. Pressure Difference Without a Barrier Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases. A pressure difference can occur without a barrier. Other factors, like gravity, can cause a pressure difference. Flat-Earthers claim a pressure difference cannot possibly occur without a barrier, like Earth’s atmosphere next to the vacuum of space. In reality, it is not difficult to demonstrate that a pressure difference can exist without a barrier. Many smartphones and smartwatches are equipped with a pressure sensor that we can use to measure the pressure difference. These devices can easily measure the pressure difference between upstairs and downstairs in a two-story house. Some can even tell the pressure difference when we put it on a table and the floor. There is no barrier involved, yet there is a pressure difference, proving that a pressure difference can exist without a barrier. The pressure gradient of Earth’s atmosphere is well known. We use it to measure altitude. Our smartphones & smartwatches use it to measure our vertical movements for health monitoring purposes. Density Tower A density tower is formed by layering immiscible liquids of different densities on top of each other. It is possible because Earth’s gravitational acceleration pulls denser fluid particles stronger and displace less dense ones upward. Flat-Earthers claim that the possibility to have density towers disproves gravity. In reality, a density tower cannot form without the presence of acceleration, like Earth’s gravitational acceleration. In a zero-G plane, the container is accelerated downward by the same amount as the liquids inside it, and therefore the liquids are not accelerated relative to the container. By nullifying Earth’s gravitational acceleration using a zero-G plane, a density tower will not form. On Earth’s surface, everything is accelerated downward by Earth’s gravitational acceleration. It is possible to add another acceleration in addition to Earth’s gravitational acceleration already affecting the liquids. Adding these two accelerations together can result in a net acceleration which is not straight downward, and the shape of a density tower will reflect that. Putting a density tower on a centrifuge will accelerate it away from the center, and it will change the direction of the density tower. Placing a density tower inside an accelerating car will also add acceleration to the system and affect the density tower’s direction. Repulsive Force Gravity does not possess repulsive force like magnetism. These are two different phenomena with different characteristics. Flat-Earthers use the lack of a repulsive force in gravity to deny its existence. In reality, there is no requirement for an attractive force to have a repulsive force. Gravity does not act like magnetism, and the fact does not disprove gravity. Flat-Earthers observe that magnets have both attractive and repulsive forces, and conclude that if a force is attractive, there must be the corresponding repulsive force. They use this invention of “scientific law” to reject gravity, which does not possess a repulsive force. However, there are adhesion and cohesion, which both are attractive forces that do not have the repulsive force, just like gravity. The score is now 3-1 for the phenomena that do not have repulsive force, and by the same “reasoning,” they should start questioning if magnets exist. Some of them use Newton’s third law to justify the requirement for an attractive force to have repulsive force. In reality, the action and reaction pairs in Newton’s third law affect two different objects. If two objects are attracted to each other by gravity, then two equal forces affect both the objects by the same amount but having the opposite direction. Gravity does not violate Newton’s third law. Others use the law of the conservation of energy to justify that a repulsive force must exist. However, the law of conservation of energy applies to energy, not force. There is no such thing as the law of conservation of force. In gravity, we have gravitational potential energy. A simple example of this is the pendulum. At the highest position, the weight has a maximum height and therefore having the maximum gravitational potential energy. As it falls lower, it converts the energy to accelerate the weight, turning it into the kinetic energy. As it goes back higher again, it converts the kinetic energy back again and turning it into gravitational potential energy. Again, gravity does not violate the law of conservation of energy. Weightlessness, Free Fall, and Microgravity In orbit, objects are weightless because both the objects and the spacecraft have the same speed and direction, and both are affected by the same gravitational influence. We use the spacecraft as the frame of reference. Because the objects are not in motion relative to the spacecraft, they appear to float. In Earth orbit, the objects are still affected by Earth’s gravity, but yet they float. Flat-Earthers use it to disprove spaceflight. In reality, the objects float because we are using the spacecraft as the frame of reference, which is also moving by the same amount and is affected by the same gravity as the objects themselves. If the thrusters of the rocket are activated, the rocket is affected by a force that does not directly affect the astronaut. So, the astronaut will feel being pushed toward the back of the spacecraft by the same amount it is accelerated forward. On the lunar surface, the astronaut does not float because he is not in orbit. He lacks the speed to go against lunar gravity. The gravity of the Moon pulls him toward the surface just like on Earth, only one-sixth as strong.

Taboo Conspiracy and Other Video's Removed by ? Those channels have since been silenced by ? the other censor's and Nazis at Alphabet. lot's of people have provides time and time again, the very best proofs of our flat world, tests and experiments that completely debunk the heliocentric fantasy, and is also personally responsible for exposing the fakery in every supposed 24/7 sun in Antarctica video. He has certainly opened hundreds of thousands of people’s eyes to our false reality and for that, I’m proud to share his work here at new world order year zero. 81 Government & Affiliate Documents that admit Flat Earth It's A PDF Download. https://www.terre-plate.org/library/CIA%20NASA%20Documents/81%20Government%20_%20Affiliate%20Documents%20that%20admit%20Flat%20Earth-converted.pdf If a scientific conspiracy theory is funny, that doesn’t mean it’s a joke Why are flat Earth truthers having such a huge year online? If you feel like flat Earth theory has gotten unaccountably popular recently, you’re right. According to Google Trends, search interest in the flat Earth conspiracy theory has already had several distinct peaks in the last year. (“The last year” was 2017, not 1519, just to be clear.) It’s funny, weird, and while it’s certainly not at the top of our list of problems as a society, it’s not entirely innocent either. Interest surged in February and March, then again in May, then again in August and September. These jumps are mostly tied to a couple of strange outbursts by celebrities, notably 2010’s favorite cheeseball rapper and Gossip Girl backing vocalist B.o.B. and Boston Celtics point guard Kyrie Irving. But interest in the topic has been climbing steadily since late 2014, shortly after a faction of Daniel Shenton’s “Flat Earth Society” broke away to create its own website and forum. The FAQ page for Flat Earth Society is the third Google search result for “flat Earth,” and encourages people to distrust science completely, as the best way to experience reality is “by relying on one’s own senses to discern the true nature of the world around us.” News outlets contribute, too, because explainers about the flat Earth conspiracy do incredible traffic. They’re capitalizing on a basic human interest in mysteries and the strange behavior of others, and they’re also wading into an online environment where it’s impossible to differentiate a joke from a deeply held belief. That’s a recipe for one viral hit, then another. It’s been a huge, thrilling year for flat Earth truthers. The Flat Earth Society’s site — which posits that the idea of a round Earth is somehow related to the faking of the Moon landing — is remarkably well-designed and professional-looking, eliminating some of the old hallmarks of disinformation on the internet. The ease of creating a website as clean as this one is a problem that has been well-documented by information scientists. As recently as five years ago, high schools were teaching that you could identify a disreputable source by its cheap-looking site, bad design, and messy URL. That no longer holds. Digital newsrooms churn out coverage of flat Earth truthers using tools that make it easy to find stories bubbling up from the depths of Reddit. Here’s how it works: conspiracy theories get people fired up enough to comment promiscuously, bringing them to the front of Reddit where journalists see them, says The Verge’s editorial director Helen Havlak. When a reporter writes an explainer of a new oddball conspiracy theory, the sharing and hate commenting that drove the theory to the top of Reddit reoccurs on Facebook. And, if the post is coming from a generally reputable outlet or involves a celebrity (e.g., B.o.B. or Kyrie Irving) or a major news event (e.g., a presidential election), it can also get a boost into the Top Stories slot on Google News. “Newsrooms watch each other’s highest-performing stories,” Havlak says. It’s common practice to use a tool that lets newsrooms make lists of their competitors and monitor the popularity of their posts (on services like Crowd Tangle, for example) to see what’s doing well for other outlets, and what might be a sure traffic bet if they could find a fresh angle or a reason to weigh in. “People see all the traffic to be had, and look for the next thing trickling up from Reddit,” she says. “Cycle repeats.” Flat Earthers have received extensive coverage from platforms as diverse and prestigious as Vice, The Atlantic, Sports Illustrated, The Guardian, and Mic. Obviously none of these outlets indulge flat Earth theory as plausible, or even remotely rational — but they do contribute to its ongoing popularity by feeding the appetite for these stories. Using CrowdTangle, we can comb through months of posts on the Facebook pages for major science and news outlets. The interface is simple, and shows how many likes, comments, and shares each post gets above or below that page’s usual number. Unsurprisingly, flat Earth conspiracy articles far outperform the average for these pages: LiveScience’s “Is Earth Flat? A Guide to the Ultimate Conspiracy Theory” received about 11 times the Facebook engagement (likes, comments, and shares) as the average LiveScience post. CNET’s “This is what flat-earthers on social media really believe” was about 16 times as popular as the average post on that page. Last year, Mic’s fledgling tech and science vertical The Future is Now posted the same flat Earther explainer, titled “There is a Massive Conspiracy to Hide the Fact That the Earth is Flat,” twice in the same month, for a total of over 1,000 shares, at a time when that page was averaging closer to 30 shares per post. Though I used these Facebook statistics as an approximation for how well flat Earth posts did in comparison to other posts on various news sites, Havlak says the majority of traffic on posts The Verge has published about other conspiracy theories — including two posts that I wrote, about the One Direction Babygate theory and the “Ted Cruz is the Zodiac Killer” theory — came from Google. The Top Stories box is crucial, and Google is still most people’s first go-to when their curiosity is piqued. An admin of the Flat Earth Society site also wrote a personal thank you note to Yahoo! News in January, writing, “Every article like this spreads our message to more unaware minds.” Not everyone who’s reading or sharing these posts can possibly be believers in flat Earth. I asked Joseph Uscinski, a political science professor at the University of Miami who recently co-authored a history of American conspiracy theories, why people who don’t believe in the flat Earth theory would waste their time reading about it. Reading about a conspiracy theory is “not unlike [watching] an M. Night Shyamalan movie in the theater,” he says. These theories “posit alternative realities full of schemes and skullduggery… Did secret agents plant explosives in the Twin Towers to fake a terror attack? Did the Mafia undertake a hit against President Kennedy? Do interdimensional lizards secretly interbreed with humans while running the planet? Even if one is not convinced, there is plenty of entertainment there.” Also, the feeling of reading about a conspiracy theory is kind of like the sensation of watching Mr. Robot, says Mark Fenster, an expert in government transparency at the University of Florida law school and author of Conspiracy Theories: Secrets and Power in American Culture. That show, and the thrillers and mystery novels that preceded it, play with the idea that “you have a certain set of understandings and beliefs that you are taught and that you believe are true, but in fact, if you actually look closely at them and understand the truth of the matter, those beliefs are proven to be false. That is — in a fictional universe — extremely enticing and extremely exciting. It can be a source of fun.” As for people who actually believe in flat Earth theory, Fenster says, you can’t really change their minds with photographic evidence or mathematical proof of a round Earth. To believe in a theory like this one, you have to go way, way past the normal threshold for questioning expertise and “hierarchies of intellectual knowledge.” It’s fun for us to have our perceptions pulled apart in fictional thrillers and mysteries, but we consider a narrative satisfying only when it also offers a way to put things back together. People who believe in flat Earth have already decided that the world around them can’t possibly be what it seems, and so a conspiracy theory becomes “a nice way of efficiently explaining what would otherwise be a confounding world,” Fenster says. The flat Earth theory is spreading online, and it’s hard to tell where the joke begins or ends. We can prove that hundreds of thousands of people are aware of an obscure belief that they weren’t before, but we can’t prove whether this has actually converted a substantial number of them to the cause. The United States has been “crazy with conspiracy theories” since before the Revolutionary War, Fenster says; the percentage of Americans who believe in some conspiracy or another around the JFK assassination has hovered between 60 and 80 percent for the last 50 years. But, “there are fun and games with conspiracy theorizing,” he says. “We don’t really believe them, but we know a lot about them, but maybe we do believe them a little, but we’re actually just sort of joking and playing. People are doing that winking thing on Reddit. You can do these fun and games and never really be called on it.” It’s true that the theory is so absurd as to be kind of funny, and it’s fair to say that people who believe in it aren’t directly endangering anyone’s lives. That’s one explanation as to why people might click on a flat Earth thread even though they would never share an anti-vaccine meme or a joke about AIDS being a hoax. Still, there’s something unnerving about cultivating an online environment in which none of our actions are sincere: a click is an ironic click; a share is a hate-share; a comment is tongue-in-cheek, play-acting, or just “lol.” There are hundreds of memes making fun of flat Earth by feigning a devout belief in it, and a lot of them are pretty entertaining. Know Your Meme even counts “Flat Earth” as a genre of meme, and provides a helpful timeline of its spread, mainly across Reddit. Know Your Meme editor Matt Schimkowitz told me there’s a rhythm to the growth of theories like flat Earth. They’ll show up on 4chan and Reddit and believers will start out as the subject of ridicule. Their belief will become a joke that’s repeated faux-sincerely and increasingly emphatically by people who consider everything they say to be “ironic.” That’s where memes come in, and in this case they represent a style of mockery that looks an awful lot like agreement. “From there it can kind of spiral,” he says. “It can attract people who are looking to believe in these kinds of things, looking for things to confirm what they believe — like the government’s out to get them, scientists are lying to us, that sort of deal. What starts as an ironic thing eventually reaches people who are willing to go along with it. From there you have sort of full-blown conspiracy theories. It reaches a new level.” “You can turn people into something different just through irony,” he says. He noticed this trend in the wake of the 2016 election and in countless excavations of the online dens of the alt-right, where people would start out saying they were just joking about racism or anti-Semitism. But engaging with that type of humor for long enough could eventually radicalize them. He says he sees the same process happen with conspiracy theories. If you can get people to ironically question systems like NASA and the federal government and the scientific process in general, you can sometimes get them to question those things for real. Schimkowitz understands that flat Earth trutherism isn’t as immediately dangerous as climate change denialism or the anti-vaccine backlash, but that doesn’t mean it’s totally harmless. “I think it is important to maintain a level of concern about [conspiracy theorists],” he says. “They do things that harm society as a whole, like negate or dilute scientific reason. That’s something that’s having profound impact on everyone. Looking at climate change denialism, that comes from just doubting the idea of expertise as a whole. Conspiracy theorists attack expertise.” Though Schimkowitz is speaking only to his experience with conspiracy theories on 4chan and Reddit, sociologist Ted Goertzel, who specializes in researching scientific conspiracy theories at Rutgers, told me almost the exact same thing. The basic goal of a conspiracy theorist, he says, isn’t usually to prove that one specific theory is true or false, but “to prove that nothing is provable, that all assertions are arbitrary.” He, too, sees an obvious case study in the recent election cycle, arguing that this is the type of thinking that leads people to believe that absolutely everything is “arbitrary and manipulative,” and that anything they don’t agree with is “fake news.” Both Goertzel and Schimkowitz brought up the Pizzagate controversy of last year, in which a Reddit conspiracy theory that started as a joke resulted in a man showing up at a Washington, DC pizza shop with a gun, intending to release prisoners being held there by Hillary Clinton. Real people’s lives were put in danger by an idea delivered in a context that treats sincere arguments and jokes exactly the same — like faceless, morally neutral, almost random series of words for which no one is accountable. “That is one of the great problems of the internet right now,” Schimkowitz says. “It’s hard to tell the difference between a joke and sincerity. In terms of judging where the joke begins and ends, it’s almost impossible to tell at this point.” In September, Kyrie Irving told Boston radio host Rich Shertenlieb he was just kidding about being a flat Earther. He just wanted to have an “open conversation” and prove a point: “[If] I believe that the world is flat, and you believe that the world is round, does that knock my intellectual capacity, or the fact that I can think different things than you can?” It’s hard to call him on it. He’s just joking. A Must See Video What On Earth Happened Parts (14) All 13 Parts Together Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. 0:00 - Part One: "Turning Inwards" 7:19 - Part Two: "Of Maps and Magicians" 34:40 - Part Three: "Flattening the Curve" 57:16 - Part Four: "Vanishing Points & the Old Clock" 1:21:34 - Part Five: "The Red Shield" 1:47:28 - Part Six: "Infiltration Instead of Invasion" 2:11:36 - Part Seven: "Eyes Wide Open" 3:01:55 - Part Eight: "The Looking Glass" 3:59:06 - Part Nine: "Panic" 4:37:30 - Part Ten: "The Energetic Earth" 5:24:53 - Part Eleven: "The Bumblebee & the Hexagon" 6:07:37 - Part Twelve: "Stranger than Fiction" 7:04:43 - Part Thirteen: "Down the Rabbit Hole" A Must See Video Everyone - All 13 Parts - What On Earth Happened ? (1) Turning Inwards (2) Of Maps and Magicians (3) Flattening the Curve (4) Vanishing Points and The Old Clock (5) The Red Shield (6) Infiltration Instead of Invasion (7) Eyes Wide Open (8) The Looking Glass (9) Panic ! (10) The Energetic Earth (11) The Bumblebee and The Hexagon (12) Stranger Than Fiction (13) Down The Rabbit Hole (14) All 13 Parts Together - Nice Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. A Must See Video Everyone - All 14 Parts - What On Earth Happened ? – Links Below ! https://rumble.com/v27xg2j-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-1turning-inwards.html https://rumble.com/v27xjm4-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-2ofmapsandmagicians.html https://rumble.com/v27xnav-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-3flattening-thecurve.html https://rumble.com/v27xqt0-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-4vanishing-pointsand-the-oldc.html https://rumble.com/v27xv72-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-5thered-shield.html https://rumble.com/v27y144-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-6infiltrationinstead-ofinvasi.html https://rumble.com/v27y5mw-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-7eyes-wide-open.html https://rumble.com/v27y9ri-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-8thelooking-glass.html https://rumble.com/v27yfhm-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-9panic-a-must-see-video.html https://rumble.com/v27yjdm-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-10theenergetic-earth.html https://rumble.com/v27ymp1-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-11the-bumblebee-and-thehexago.html https://rumble.com/v27yswn-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-12stranger-than-fiction.html https://rumble.com/v27ziz7-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-13down-therabbit-hole.html https://rumble.com/v2b2zqq-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-14-all-13-parts-together-woeh.html Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. 00:00:00 - Episode 1: Questioning His-story 00:13:25 - Episode 2: A Lens Into The Past 00:38:28 - Episode 3: Inheritors Of Mud & Magnificence 01:19:19 - Episode 4: Back To The Future 02:15:38 - Episode 5: The Whispering Of The Water 03:27:28 - Episode 6: Offerus And The Alchemist 04:31:57 - Episode 7: The Known World The Lost History of Earth (Ewaranon) W0W - A Must See Video Lost Earth Episode 1: Questioning His-story Episode 2: A Lens Into The Past Episode 3: Inheritors Of Mud & Magnificence Episode 4: Back To The Future Episode 5: The Whispering Of The Water Episode 6: Offer us And The Alchemist Episode 7: The Known World Episode 8: All 7 Parts History Of A Lost Earth Maybe the History we've been told is a lie! Were some ancient buildings built by a different race and their true history was covered up? Did ancient peoples have advanced forms of technology that have now been forgotten? Was the massive kingdom of Tartaria visible on ancient maps much more advanced than we realize? This sub is an open forum for collaborative discussion of all topics "Tartaria" related, including Mud Flood, Tesla, AntiquiTech, Free Energy, Conspiracies, Hidden History, etc. I wonder if this video has been posted here before? If yes, then i am not sorry for posting it again, because its just one helluva epic video. If not, I highly recommend watching it if you are interested in perhaps how Tartarian technology worked. Its made by a guy who calls himself Ewaranon. Its put well together with a lot of great evidence, theories and findings of multiple topics. Its a long watch, I agree.....but its divided into several chapters. I recommend watching the first 20 or 30 min and see if it interests/sparks you. It sure got my attention as Ewaranon points out a lot of strange stuff in our world....and the narrative we know from history books. I am still thinking about all the stuff he said and points out to us. As its a lot to deal with and can shake one up. I find it fascinating though. But the tip of the iceberg is that this video also perhaps has the only real video footage of Tartarian technology. At one point he explains how Cathedrals and other old buildings really work, as in that they are energy generators. And after his explanation he shows footage of them and some other buildings in action. Fully electrified and radiating with a lot of light. The Lost History of Earth (Ewaranon) W0W - A Must See Video Lost Earth – Links Below ! https://rumble.com/v28afys-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-1-buried-in-plain-sight-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28ahvo-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-2-lens-into-the-past-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28alqa-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-3-inheritors-of-mud-and-magnificense-lost-histor.html https://rumble.com/v28aobw-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-4-back-to-the-future-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28arc8-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-5-whispering-of-the-water-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28av42-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-6-offer-us-and-the-alchemist-lost-history-of-ear.html https://rumble.com/v28axuo-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-7-the-known-world-lost-history-of-earth-w0w.html https://rumble.com/v28b4q6-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-8-history-of-a-lost-earth-all-7-parts-together-l.html Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. The Secret Life of Symbols with Jordan Maxwell Knowledge of the Heavens, Life on Earth https://rumble.com/v28wyns-the-secret-life-of-symbols-with-jordan-maxwell-knowledge-of-the-heavens-lif.html Secret Life of Symbols Start with 00:00:00 World of the Occult 00:36:02 Solar Worship 01:09:26 Mazzaroth - Ordinances of Heaven 01:37:29 Creating Man in Our Image 02:11:45 Solomon’s Temple & The Ark 02:53:31 Secret Legacy of Moses 03:25:52 Saturn and Secret Societies 03:55:07 Secrets of the Dollar 04:15:03 Incorporating America 04:42:21 Dawn of a New Day Secret symbols have long been used to convey occult teachings and esoteric knowledge of the heavens, life on Earth and the meaning to our existence. For millennia, these secrets were kept by the elite, for their own benefit. By decoding ancient scriptures and symbols, we gain a new perspective of the clandestine forces which have guided human civilization through the ages. All around us are the secrets we seek to revealing our connection to the universe and unlock the deepest truths of human destiny. In this ground-breaking series, Jordan Maxwell discloses what he has come to understand concerning the mysteries hidden in the secret life of symbols, that you were never intended to know. This knowledge frees us from the ties that have long bound us to a secret agenda controlling the course of human evolution. Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. Secrets in Plain Sight - Volume Secrets Inside of Everyday Objects Top Documentary Films https://rumble.com/v29m63a-secrets-in-plain-sight-volume-secrets-inside-of-everyday-objects-top-docume.html Secrets in Plain Sight is an awe inspiring exploration of great art, architecture, and urban design which skillfully unveils an unlikely intersection of geometry, politics, numerical philosophy, religious mysticism, new physics, music, astronomy, and world history. See how profound ancient knowledge inherited from Egypt has been encoded in units of measurement, in famous works of art, in the design of major buildings, in the layout of city streets and public spaces, and in the precise placement of obelisks and other important monuments upon the Earth. The viewer is led to perceive an elegant harmonic system linking the human body with the architectural, urban, planetary, solar, and galactic scales. Exploring key monuments and their positions in Egypt, Stonehenge, Jerusalem, Rome, Paris, London, Edinburgh, Washington DC, New York, and San Francisco brings to light a secret obsession shared by pharaohs, philosophers and kings; templars and freemasons; great artists and architects; popes and presidents, spanning the whole of recorded history up to the present time. As the series of videos reveals how profound ancient knowledge inherited from Egypt has been encoded in units of measurement, in famous works of art, in the design of major buildings, in the layout of city streets and public spaces, and in the precise placement of obelisks and other important monuments upon the Earth, the viewer is led to perceive an elegant harmonic system linking the human body with the architectural, urban, planetary, solar, and galactic scales. Alien Origin of Chinese People and Astonishing Evidence of Lost Chinese Tartaria Civilization https://rumble.com/v2b3zsi-alien-origin-of-chinese-people-and-astonishing-evidence-of-lost-chinese-tar.html Alien Origin of Chinese People Napoleon said” When all the Chinese people jumps at the same time, the whole world will shake”. I am a Chinese. The more I studied about Chinese civilization, the more I recognized its uniqueness, very different from those Indo-European cultures. I hereby give a very shocking hypothesis about the origin of Chinese people. Chinese people developed from a hybrid of alien giants with early earth people living in Northern China after a 300 year war with another alien species from the Neflilm as mentioned in works by Zecharia Sitchin. According to research by Van Flandern, an explosion of a missing planet between Mars and Jupiter occurred 3 million years ago. This explosion was caused by use of space plasma weapons. More importantly, Dr. Joseph Farrell postulated that there were intelligent human like beings in this planet. They were of much larger size and heavier skeleton to support the higher gravity in the planet. The shape of a plasma ray was like a thunderbolt weapon in some ancient mythologies; Greek God Zeus, Hindu God Indra and Babylonian God Ninurtra all each holds a divine thunderbolt weapon in the hand. However, I cannot find any similar one in Chinese mythology. My first guess is that the alien species which destroyed the planet was the ancestor of those people from the 12th planet in Stichin’s works. During this interplanetary war, the Anunnaki ancestors did not conquer earth. On the other hand, some of the surviving beings from destroyed planet escaped to earth, possibly landed on the regions near Northern China like Mongolia. Most importantly, this explosion triggered the successive phases of ice ages which retarded any evolutionary progress in the earth. These giant species continued to survive in earth but their size became smaller over time to cope or used genetic engineering for adapting to the new living conditions. Any way, they did not interfere with the natural evolutional change in earth. Another speculation was that they freezed their bodies for million year until the end of ice ages. About 450,000 years ago, the descendants of those species destroyed giant aliens came back in the Twelfth Planet that was also described in Genesis of Holy bible. The earth was still in ice age. Giant aliens had inhabited in earth for more than 2.5 million years. Sitchin said that these 12th planet aliens landed in Middle East according to Sumerian Texts. I have reservation and think that the so called Aryans were indeed hybrids created by Nerfilm aliens in the Arctic region. According to some esoteric texts and scientific researches, the Aryans originated in the north pole of earth and later dispersed to India, Persia, North Africa and even Europe. These Aryans were nurtured by super beings, possibly by Twelfth planet aliens. Strangely, these Aryans did not travel eastwards to China and East Asia. Why? Perhaps China mainland had already been guarded by giant aliens so that these Aryans found it difficult to conquer China. The Garden of Eden was only one of the episodes in the landing history. My version totally reconciled with Sitchin’s theory. According to recent research in North China and Siberia Oracle, alien army enslaved Chinese ancient people to build the pyramids. In mural display, a group of beings dressed in leather armor, 12 foot tall, red haired, helped the people to fight those alien invaders. Also, Sitchin said two northern China and Mongolia’s Copi Dessert has encountered serious air pollution and nuclear war. ( Pre historic nuclear war in ancient India is another topic. People interested in this can do more study. ) The invaders came from 12th Planet while the giant aliens were descendants surviving the cosmic war 3 million years ago. I listed three related facts to support alien origin of Chinese People. In 1988, the first DNA sample of in an alien abduction case in Australia were sent for analysis. The result was surprising. The DNA structure resembles Chinese persons with black hair. Secondly, Chinese language is totally different from Indo-European languages like Indian, European, Arab, etc. It is more akin to Mongolian. It further suggests that Chinese people were not related to any bloodline of Aryans. The third evidence was proposed by Chinese UFO researcher Lee Wai Tung. There were 3 very mysterious ancient texts that could not be attributed to any philosophical school like Confucianism or Taoism. They are, Book of Changes (易經), Inner Cannon of Hwangdi(黃帝內經) , and Classic of Mountains and Seas(山海經). Inner Cannon is the oldest source of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The acupuncture point and meridian system mentioned in the test are unique in the world. It was not developed from any later philosophical schools in ancient China. The biological system under traditional Chinese Medicine might be the knowledge inherited from alien species according to Lee Wai Tung. Human intelligence could not have achieved such sophisticated standard about human body in ancient world. Finally, I want to tell readers the mythological origin of Chinese people. Most Chinese believe that the name of their ancestor is Fuxi (伏羲). His mother was a virgin. One day when her mother stepped into a big foot step left by the Thunder God, she was pregnant for twelve years before Fuxi was born. Thunder God might be a giant alien while Fuxi was a hybrid made from genetic manipulation. In conclusion, this hypothesis is both shocking and dangerous. It helps to explain why China has developed a totally different and to a certain extent opposite civilization from Indo-Europeans. Further, is the 12th Planet and the Giant Aliens fighting a proxy war in earth by means of East-West rivalry on earth? Who knows? Hello Everyone My Rumble Channel Name is TheRealOriginoftheWorld and or Rumble Acct. I HAVE UP NOW 360+ VIDEO A MUST SEE VIDEO at WHAT IF EVERYTHING YOU WERE TAUGHT WAS A LIE? and My User Name is NewWorldOrderYear0 or WelcomeToNewWorldOrderYear0 or NewWorldOrderYearZero Hello Everyone from Nanning, China – My Name is WindyLina WestLaw 有風 麗娜 韋斯特勞 I'am from Tartaria and Now in Nanning China born Aug.1960 – 大家好我是來自中國南寧的 WindyLina Inside the ‘Tartarian Empire,’ of a bizarre conspiracy theory argue that everything you know about the history of architecture is wrong. The Chicago World's Fair of 1893 Believers in the “Tartaria” conspiracy theory are convinced that the elaborate temporary fairgrounds built for events like the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco in 1915 were really the ancient capital cities of a fictional empire. Nanning is located in the southern part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 160 km (99 mi) from the border with Vietnam. It has an administrative area of 22,293 km 2 (8,607 sq mi). Nanning is situated in a hilly basin with elevations between 70 and 500 m (230 and 1,640 ft) above sea-level. United States Military and American Genocide A Brutal and Savage Massacre History https://rumble.com/v2bsonc-united-states-military-and-american-genocide-a-brutal-and-savage-massacre-h.html As a teen, I talked to my American great great grandfather as he shared good history and bad horrifying stories of 2 great wars and other small war and old massacre of his family and friends and other with story of genocide etc. Within the past years, I have stood amidst human remains in the killing fields of Cambodia, at a mass grave where hundreds of thousands are buried all over the world, at memorials in Germany and Poland to the millions killed in the Holocaust, and in the streets of new world order where the scars of ethnic cleansing remain. At each of these sites, I asked myself, “What were the conditions that led to these horrific moments in human world history ?” Mass atrocity and genocide targeting particular groups for oppression or extinction requires a set of preconditions that dehumanize people and legitimize their abuse. In every example of genocide, including the systemic massacre of Native Americans and Indigenous peoples and the enslavement of Africans by Africans, by whites and other world governments first carried out a systematic propaganda campaign. The rhetoric that preceded these atrocities spread hatred and bigotry, dividing society into an “us” threatened by the very existence of a “them.” These politics of dehumanization and division were strategies employed in the Holocaust, in the genocides in Armenia, the Balkans, Cambodia, and Rwanda, in the colonization of India and South America, during apartheid in South Africa, and, today, in Darfur, and against the Yezidis as well as other ethnic and religious minorities in Iraq and Syria. These examples illustrate the extent to which power-obsessed leaders will go to gain and hold power. Within the past two years, the new world order campaign/administration has employed these same tactics to seize power in the United States and other area, using dehumanizing rhetoric against Asians, Whites, Muslims, Immigrants, Women, Jews, Mexicans, African-Americans, Latinos/as, the LGBT community, the Pope, the press, the United Nations, intellectuals, educators, environmentalists, political opponents, comedians, and others. new world order and other associates have used the discredited rhetoric of the “Clash of Civilizations” to frighten Americans into believing their lives are threatened by those “others” who look or pray or talk differently than they do. They have manipulated the grief of white-black-brown-yellow Americans disillusioned by their failure to achieve the American dream, whipping up a frenzy of fear and hatred of targeted “others” through propaganda machines masquerading and false news sources. This was also the situation in the world, in the other county, in Cambodia, in Germany and Poland, and in Rwanda before the killing started. I imagine it was also hard for people in those countries to believe that such rhetoric would lead to the horrors that followed. At the Genocide Memorial, my Tartaria friend who had witnessed her husband and children and nearly a million fellow people murdered in the chaos of homicidal rage asked me, “How could a country as great old America can be, where people from all over the world have come to live together, select such a new world order leader? He is saying the same things world leaders said before the genocide began.” I do not know what lies in the hearts of members of the new world order administration. I am sure that there are good and honorable people there. But I do know that the rhetoric and the strategies being employed - especially by the good and bas President in the past- fulfill the criteria necessary to prepare the ground for mass atrocity and even genocide. If we fail to stop it, America may be the next exhibit in the Genocide Memorial in the new world order. It will tell the story of a despotic leader who sowed seeds of fear and hate, inciting extremist groups to violent action against fellow citizens. And how the new government promoted division, silenced voices of dissent, attacked the false press, eroded human rights, and ultimately set the stage for horrible atrocities which future historians will call the Great American Genocide from 1776 to 2023 Now. The National Archives and Records Administration’s primary mission is to provide access to the records in our control. We recognize that these records are of incalculable value to people looking to understand their history, seek out evidence, and document rights. That value, though, also makes them targets for theft. Earlier this year, our staff and the Office of Inspector General discovered that artifacts and documents had been stolen from World War II military records. On June 9, 2017, investigators executed a search warrant at the residence of a researcher and historian, Antonin DeHays. There they found and recovered identification tags and other documents stolen from National Archives at College Park, Maryland. I appreciate the efforts of our Office of Inspector General and the National Archives staff who have been assisting them and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for their efforts in this ongoing investigation. The Acting United States Attorney for the District of Maryland filed a federal criminal complaint against DeHays on June 13, 2017. If convicted of the theft of government records, DeHays faces a maximum sentence of 10 years in prison. DeHays had repeatedly visited the National Archives over an extended period and stole ID tags and documents of U.S. servicemen whose airplanes had crashed during World War II. DeHays sold the stolen tags, often called dog tags, and in one case even traded a tag assigned to a Tuskegee Airman to a museum in exchange for a chance to sit in a Spitfire aircraft. The records DeHays pilfered were created during World War II by the German military. When Allied airmen crashed into Nazi-occupied territory in Europe, the Germans recovered the tags of deceased airmen and confiscated dog tags from airmen who survived the crashes. They then placed those tags into files with downed Allied aircraft reports. Allied forces seized these records at the end of the war, and the U.S. Army transferred them to the National Archives in 1958. That the records stolen were so personal to the deceased servicemen is especially distasteful. Long after their years of service, veterans often hold on to their military ID tags as mementos. I keep one of my own Navy tags with me on my keychain to this day. The theft of our history should anger any citizen, but as a veteran I am shocked at allegations that a historian would show such disregard for records and artifacts documenting those captured or killed in World War II. In 1955, Archivist Wayne C. Grover signed the Archivist's Code to guide National Archives staff in making professional decisions. In it, he states “The Archivist must be watchful in protecting the integrity of records in his custody. He must guard them against defacement, alteration, or theft….” He goes on to say “The Archivist should endeavor to promote access to records to the fullest extent consistent with the public interest, but he should carefully observe any established policies restricting the use of records.” There is a fine balancing act we all must face in this profession between protection and access to the records. As I have stated since I became Archivist of the United States, the security of the holdings of the National Archives is my highest priority. Any theft of our nation’s records is an irreplaceable loss. We safeguard those records in many ways, but it all begins with our shared commitment to security. Although we have heightened security around our holdings in recent years and have implemented a number of measures to deter theft, this latest incident underlines the constant threat posed to our holdings and the importance of our commitment to holdings protection. Orwellian Dystopia Both Side's Are Wrong Answer To Extremism Isn’t More Extremism https://rumble.com/v2bngfk-orwellian-dystopia-both-sides-are-wrong-answer-to-extremism-isnt-more-extre.html America’s left and right are radicalizing each other, and the precedents from overseas are deeply unsettling. It’s all politics. And it still is, for those who really listen close. It’s why we need to flip the script and tell the real story of what happened in 1948 and 1964. I also believe America needs to echo, once again, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s dream and “look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” That’s what made America great…and will make America great again. It’s known as “The Big Switch.” That’s when Southern Democrat politicians converted to Republicanism and refashioned the G.O.P. into a racist political party. Orwell's "1984" has been quoted left and right, for years, but the reality that we currently live in has never resembled the dystopia that the author describes in his best-known novel as much as it does today. We are voluntarily giving up our privacy. We are forced to use it as a currency. That has never been the case before, but today it is. It is almost impossible to function in today's world without giving up your privacy or rather having it invaded by a corporation or a government. The internet has, clearly, played a huge part in this. It may have brought us closer, but it has also brought governments and corporations closer to us, practically invited them into our homes and minds. "Both rely on the existence of a technological system with the capacity to monitor every citizen’s actions and words.” Meanwhile, governments all over the world, including the United States, are installing more mass surveillance, further invading little what's left of their citizen's privacy. We have been conditioned to feel OK about giving up our privacy (after all, don't they want to "protect" us from terrorism?), but governments and corporations use this information in countless ways. For example, Google's and Facebook's sophisticated algorithms are capable of profiling you to such an extent, that serving highly targeted advertisements and propaganda is a fully automated process. You can even test this yourself -- try looking for something specific to buy and see what type of ads Facebook serves you. Is there any way to combat this? Saying "I have nothing to hide" and allowing the government to spy on you is like claiming you have nothing to say and allowing the government to take away your right to freedom of speech. The 30-something author documented how the Democratic Party–known for its historic racism–split in 1948 when Harry S. Truman (D-MO) first “introduced a pro-civil rights platform” into the Democratic Party. Strom Thurmond (D-SC) and a faction of Southern Democrats, consequently, bolted from Democrats to create the “States Rights” (Dixiecrat) party. The author then states these Dixiecrats eventually converted to Republicanism–along with Thurmond–in 1964. Later, Nixon’s “southern strategy” and Reagan’s conservatism moved the Democratic “blue” South to become a firm “red” Republican in the 1970s and 1980s. Today, Democrats routinely finger Republicans as “racists,” pointing to occasional neo-Nazi politicians (David Duke, a one-term Louisiana state legislator), obscure racist organizations (Patriot Front) and Confederate flag-waving MAGA types. In fact, just wearing a MAGA hat is considered “racist” by many individuals on the left. It’s a strong and divisive narrative…but what’s the TRUTH? First of all, the “Dixiecrats,” under Strom Thurmond in 1948), did leave the Democratic Party…but for reasons more than racial. The Truman Administration–following sixteen years of Franklin D. Roosevelt–further desired to federalize and centralize government. The Southern Thurmond “Dixiecrats” believed in traditional “states’ rights” and segregation. The Northern and Western Democratic Party in the 1930s and 1940s was more “progressive” politically. President Roosevelt’s fascination with the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and fascist government programs in Europe guided many of his domestic policies. Consequently, the 1948 Truman-Democratic platform reflected more centralized and socialist government, thus angering and distancing Southern libertarians. That’s what really split the Democratic Party in 1948. In fact, in a platform that boasted 4,256 words only 106 (2.4%) were even devoted to civil rights (for the black or anyone else). Even more surprisingly was how the party of slavery, segregation, Ku Klux Klan and Confederate secession was quick to pat itself on the back in 1948. In their summary on civil rights the Democratic Party actually claimed it alone was “responsible for the great civil rights gains” and committed to “continuing its efforts to eradicate all racial, religious and economic discrimination.” However, such 1940s political posturing is contradicted by a Jim Crow Democratic South that still lynched blacks, refused school, hotel, restaurant, transportation and restroom facilities to “coloreds” and rigged voting procedures to suppress the black ballot. Therefore, it’s hard to believe “great gains” were actually made by Democrats. Harry Truman was allegedly an inactive participant in the Missouri KKK, and biographers often noted his latent racism against blacks, Jews, Chinese and Japanese throughout his life. Meanwhile Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated a KKK member to the Supreme Court (Hugo Black), put Japanese-Americans into detention camps and refused to welcome black Olympians—including the famed Jesse Owens—to the White House. The Dixiecrat exodus was, again, more about progressive, fascist, socialism than segregation and black civil rights. In the end, despite predictions of a Thomas Dewey victory, the Dixiecrat exodus produced little gain. Truman won the ’48 presidency in a landslide electoral college vote while the Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond mustered an inconsequential 2.4% of the popular vote. Secondly, the Dixiecrats did NOT convert to Republicanism in 1964 (after Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act) as many historians and journalists now suggest. In fact, most of these racist libertarians returned to the Democratic Party after 1948 and became a significant voting block against civil rights and desegregation throughout the 1950s and early 1960s. According to one historical analysis, of the 1500+ racist “Dixiecrats” only Strom Thurmond and about a dozen others left the Democratic Party for the GOP (less than 1%). Furthermore, Thurmond didn’t switch parties until 16 years after Truman forced him to create his “Dixiecrat” party. Thirdly, Southern whites (the people, not the politicians) did vote more REPUBLICAN in post-1965 elections, but not for racial reasons. Again, the Democratic Party was moving left, toward socialism, nonreligious/atheism and adopting liberal planks on abortion, women and gay rights. The Bible Belt South in the 1970s and 1980s became less racist as de-segregation and civil rights laws were enforced. Consequently, immigration to southern cities (Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Nashville, Charlotte) by northern and western GOP conservatives rearranged the voting demographic. Southerners are more conservative and that’s why dozens of Democrats switched parties. Did you know notable Republicans Trent Lott, Mike Pence, William Bennett and Rick Perry were all previously Democrat? It’s true. And race was not the reason they switched affiliations…it was due to liberal/socialist policies. Finally, the Republican Party and its leaders have consistently denounced and resisted the “alt right” ultra-conservative racist organizations. It’s why these racists formed their own political party in 2009 (The American Freedom Party). Republicans, historically, have always championed civil rights for the black and all ethnicities. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed thanks to widespread Republican support (who had proposed similar legislation in the Eisenhower administration). All Southern Democrats (including those Dixiecrats) voted against it. Oh, and David Duke? He only identified as Republican when politically expedient. Otherwise, he’s been in the Democrat, Populist or Reformed camp. Maybe instead of looking at the anomaly of Strom Thurmond, we should investigate the political expediency of another Democrat: Robert C. Byrd (D-WV) who spent 62 years in public office. Byrd served for over half a century at the national level, as a Representative and, later, a powerful Senator. Byrd died in office (2010) at the ripe age of 92. Hillary Clinton called Byrd a “friend and mentor.” Barack Obama noted how “the arc of his life bent toward justice.” The press gave him a blessed pass. That’s because Robert Byrd proved a quintessential post-WW2 Democrat. Originally a member and leader of the Ku Klux Klan in West Virginia (an affiliation he later disavowed), Byrd refused to fight in World War 2 because it meant serving alongside blacks. He routinely voted with other segregationists in the 1950s. As a senator, Byrd filibustered and voted against the 1964 Civil Rights Act. He abstained his vote for the 1965 Voting Act. He also voted against the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall, the first black Supreme Court justice. This same Robert Byrd then politically transformed from a known racist to a beloved mentor. How? Simple. He towed the party line…for nearly 57 years! It’s possible to argue Byrd didn’t lose his racism but rather, like most good politicians, shelved it. He enjoyed his power and position. It wasn’t the first time Byrd did what was necessary. In fact, the whole reason Byrd initially joined the KKK was for “political power.” To his credit, he did leave the organization, but still it showed Byrd to be a political opportunist. Once in national office, at least until 1967 (when being a segregationist went out of fashion), he retained his racist roots. Byrd told a reporter: “Don’t get that albatross [the KKK] around your neck. Once you’ve made that mistake, you inhibit your operations in the political arena.” There is a website that I frequent because it puts up a lot of interesting information in fun graphs, infographics and pictures. Information is Beautiful posts a wide range of topics from China’s censorship to illegal drugs. The following image is from their “Left vs Right (World)” post, outlining the basic gist of the left-wing and right-wing political ideologies. There is only so much that you can include in a diagram trying to distinguish the political left from right. This is a generic point to start understanding the main differences between the two sides but we need to keep in mind that there are many degrees of variation on political views (even within the same one). This diagram makes the right-wing way of thinking to be completely cold, calculated and rational, while the left-wing ideas promote more positive views on humanity. While it is true that the right-wing tends to support war, morals and discipline, it should be understood that left-wing can have corruption, discipline and rules. And what about the people that do not fall strictly into one wing or another? When I was younger and just beginning to learn about political terms and ideas, I was massively confused. What the media taught me was that (I watched a lot of US politics on TV) you are either left or right. There I stood, utterly confused at how I could possibly believe in personal and economic freedom supported by a minimal government role in each aspect. For example, on this graph, I agree with the leftist thought of being progressive and supporting personal freedom. However, I also believe in the right wing ideals of non-interference in society, low taxes, and economic freedom. Yet, I do not believe in organized religion and I fully support gay and abortion rights. What this diagram shows is that many of us are still stuck in a dichotomous way of thinking, when there are eons of possibilities for a political perspective. Left and right are the most basic division in politics but that should not encourage or pressure people to conform to simply one side or another. I love Information and is infographics hold a special place in my heart for their ability to effectively convey information in appealing and efficient ways. In response to the point you make, I agree that we seem to have been protected from the possible existence of ambivalence in political views as if it were some sort of secret. It feels a little strange to say that it is for the public’s best interest, but that’s sort of what I’m arguing. The left – right divide may not so much serve as dichotomous camps that we must choose between, rather they serve as a simplified roadmap to guide the less politically aware public. What will determine where you place yourself will depend on how much weight you give to specific topics. It’s generally accepted that the citizenship will not know about where they stand on each individual issue, so by using this shortcut they can hopefully make an educated guess that will eventually serve them well.

This is the number 1 question? - Flat Earthers hear, why would anyone go through this elaborate hoax? - The powers that be want to hide the truth of our existence at all costs as they do not want to have anyone/anything else in higher power than themselves. The majority of people believe they are descendants. Episode 01: BANGKITNYA KESADARAN Episode 02: BISNIS TRILIUN DOLAR Episode 03: KEBOHONGAN “SAINS MODERN” Episode 04: GERHANA & HORISON Episode 05: ANTARTIKA & BOM NUKLIR KUBAH BUMI Episode 06: NASA HOLLYWOOD Episode 07: SECRET SOCIETIES (BANNED BY YOUTUBE, RE UPLOADED) Episode 08: ELITE GLOBAL (BANNED BY YOUTUBE, RE UPLOADED) Episode 09: MENGGUGAT SISTEM YANG ZALIM Episode 10: PEOPLE POWER vs ELITE GLOBAL Episode 11: REALITAS FLAT EARTH Episode 12A: MENGEJUTKAN!! (Realitas Flat Earth II) Episode 12B: MENGEJUTKAN!!! (FE Indonesia No. 1 Di Dunia) Episode 13: UANG & BANKSTER (Motivasi Dibalik Kebohongan Bumi Globe) Episode 14: ECLIPSE OF FANTASY (Gerhana Fantasi) Episode 15: SKENARIO PERANG DUNIA III Episode 16: ILMU MENGGANDAKAN UANG Episode 17: SENJATA PEMBUAT BENCANA Episode 18: TEROR VIRUS CORONA Episode 19: TERBONGKAR!!! SKENARIO WABAH & LOCKDOWN Episode 20: Bonus: KUBAH SELATAN & TELUR BURUNG UNTA View Flat Earth 101 (flatearth101.com) location, revenue, industry and description. Find related and similar companies as well as employees by title and much more ?. According To The New Age Of Non Physicist, Scientists & Discoverers. On a muggy Thursday in August 2018, I joined 250 researchers and other attendees at West Edmonton Mall’s Fantasyland Hotel to learn about new findings in a field of geography many others have deemed dangerous, others groundbreaking. Though conference speakers would shy away from using the S-word (too many negative connotations), they were ready to present science proving everything we know about the Earth its shape, size, position in the solar system and the whole damn system itself is wrong. The research was so breathtaking that some had brought their children and grandparents to hear it. We arrived at 8 a.m. to collect our name tags and itineraries for the two-day conference. Many were thrilled to see that the first presenter was none other than Mark Sargent, arguably the reason we were here. For he had almost single-handedly caused a resurgence of the ancient and beleaguered Flat Earth Sciences. “People are wondering, what is going on?” Robbie Davidson, organizer of Canada’s first Flat Earth International Conference, said proudly during his words of welcome. “How in the world, in 2018, can so many people be questioning something as simple as the Earth?” In short, on Feb. 10, 2015, Sargent, a Washington-based former software consultant, uploaded “Flat Earth Clues Introduction,” the first video on his YouTube channel, which now has nearly 65,000 subscribers. It created a Cambrian explosion of amateur scientists conducting observable, repeatable experiments supporting the theory that we live on a stationary disc inside of a pressurized system (which gives us the illusion of gravity), encircled by the Antarctic ice walls (which contain our oceans), beneath a physical dome (beyond which there isn’t much else other than the Creator). As for the sun, moon and stars, they may either hang from the ceiling or are projected upon it; the science is incomplete. The Flat Earth community, which numbers in the tens or hundreds of thousands, can’t agree on all worldly matters — not even that the Earth is, well, flat. But they’re dead certain it’s not a globe. Sargent soon stepped on stage in an unbuttoned dress shirt and army hat. He sat in the lone leather chair flanked by conference banners and giant screens for all in the banquet room to see him. For 50 straight minutes he fielded conventioneer questions about the Flat Earth, rarely pausing or hesitating, and never once fumbling an answer. If the planets look like spheres, aren’t we also a sphere? asked someone. (There’s no proof any of them are spherical.) What’s the moon? (Probably a two-dimensional object with three- dimensional properties.) Why won’t the science community just come clean? (Because overnight markets would crash, universities would shutter and people of faith would rightfully demand answers on other conspiracies, such as evolution.) How does he account for satellite photography of the Earth? (Adobe Photoshop.) They queried with sincerity, not criticism, save for one member of the fake news media. She demanded to know why no expedition has proven the ice walls exist. Had she seriously not heard of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty System to stop such an expedition? That’s Flat Earth 101. Their questions were also asked with genuine worry. Since learning about the grand conspiracy to conceal the planet’s true shape, Flat Earthers reported losing friends, being punted from churches and generally losing sleep. As Mickey Bromley, inventor of the Flat Earth-themed board game Hand2Hand, explained: “You have to rethink everything in your life. It’s not an easy task, and it is exhausting.” I expected to meet more skeptics amongst the conventioneers, who included three physicians, a pharmacist and a former reporter, but only found three. Amongst them was a 13-year-old girl who mockingly wore a tinfoil hat, even after Davidson denounced “globists” who bullied and shamed Flat Earthers. “It’s not a laughing matter because people are hurting,” he said. “It’s time to stop the ridicule, it’s time to stop the name-calling, it’s time to stop the threats.” Over the course of the conference, attendees jeered at footage of astronauts and evolutionary biologists, booed at the very mention of Neil deGrasse Tyson, used air quotes around the word “scientist” and got nostalgic about the days when “globetards” were the minority. Davidson, an Edmonton-based entrepreneur who has worked in Christian media and crypto-currency trade, condemned the lies spread by “scientism” and NASA. “Gravity is the least scientific thing there is,” he told me. “It’s never been properly measured, tested or observed.” As for the Earth’s alleged curvature — eight inches per mile squared — it simply doesn’t match with his own findings. He can see objects 100 miles away, he says, yet those objects are supposed to be 1.5 miles below the curvature of the Earth! And then there’s the horizon problem: “If you’re on a beach, the horizon is at eye level. If you go up on a mountain, the horizon’s at eye level. If you go up in a hot air balloon, it’s at eye level,” he explained with increasing fervour. I didn’t quite understand how that proved the Earth’s flatness, but I felt suddenly suspicious of horizons. Davidson, who organized international conferences in North Carolina and Colorado with nearly double the attendance, has sympathy for the general brainwashed public. He asks of skeptics only one thing: “Do your own research.” If there were a Flat Earth motto, that was it. Do your own research. The refrain was repeated in conversations, projected on PowerPoints and printed on bumper stickers sold at merchandise booths (alongside “accurate” world maps, Flat Earth calendars and commemorative coins celebrating this historic conference). The problem with research though, is people are prone to do it in the wrong places, such as universities and planetariums. Mainstream media are dishonest, public schools are overrun with globists and NASA, of course is the enemy. I thought libraries were safe but “you can’t trust books,” cautioned Jeran Campanella. The researcher, whose YouTube channel has almost 124,000 subscribers and 20 million views, explained that the printing press was invented to “get lies into minds.” (The one exception was the Good Book. Several lectures were dedicated to biblical evidence.) Surely then, I could rely on The Flat Earth Society. As the oldest such organization, established in 1956 by Englishman Samuel Shenton (a sign-maker, amateur cosmologist and Space Race hater) as successor to the much older Universal Zetetic Society, I presumed they were the subject’s authority. But according to YouTuber Rob Skiba (159,000 subscribers) the Society is “either controlled opposition, a hoax or a joke.” Davidson, who runs a 24-hour feed of Flat Earth videos on Celebrate Truth (117,000 subscribers), agreed: “They believe we’re accelerating upwards throughout the universe in a flying disc. It’s the most ridiculous thing I’ve ever heard. When confronted with these criticisms, Pete Svarrior, a computer scientist and spokesperson for the Flat Earth Society, told me, “We do not normally pay much attention to the smaller and more extreme fringes of the Flat Earth movement.” Svarrior refused to answer further questions and accused me of trying to “sow discord and division.” He also reprimanded me for having inadequately researched the Society before contacting him. Bromley was right, this is exhausting. Our conventional knowledge institutions are so powerful and stubborn — and the conspiracy so deep — that it required the brute force of social media to finally expose and undo centuries of propaganda. Thus, research is best done online. In particular, on YouTube. The Canada conference was, essentially, a niche YouTube convention. By the end of the two days, I’d sat through 10 hours of visual presentations. Admittedly, I struggled to understand the significance of their photo-imaging and 3D simulations. After all, I’m no scientist. My tablemate, Chris Cardinal — his eyes hidden below a St. Louis Cardinals cap — helped me make sense of things, frenetically scribbling notes and sliding them across the table with the stealth of a private eye. “SATELLITES DO NOT EXIST IN SPACE,” read one. “LOOK UP ‘WHAT IF THE EARTH STOPPED SPINNING’ (YOUTUBE). THE PARADOX … THE IRONY … THE HUBRIS!” read another. Though I felt buried under jargon like “MEMS accelerometers” and “angular resolution,” the speakers’ confidence sounded convincing. The more I listened, the more intoxicating the possibility of having exclusive information became. But one question remained: Why? What motivated NASA, the UN, Zionists and other co-conspirators to deceive the masses about the shape of the planet — something with little to no bearing over my day-to-day life? Many conventioneers speculated it was purely power and greed — a controlling device used to turn us into mindless consumers. But while it’s fine and well to speculate, this is a research convention. Thus, I’d only consider theories obtained through science — controlled, observable and repeatable testing. “Globebuster” Bob Knodel had just the experiment. He pulled the Apollo 17’s famous “fake Blue Marble” Earth photo up on the screen. On his laptop, he mirrored the image like a Rorschach Test, flipped it and mirrored it again. People gasped at the result: continents and clouds now formed the uncanny figure of a demonic creature. It flexed muscular arms comprised of upside-down, symmetrical Middle Easts. Knodel explained his findings and traced what looked like a crown, Masonic Apron and the all-seeing Eye of Providence above the creature’s head. There you have it: the plot is part of the timeless battle between good and evil. “This is straight-up Luciferian, guys,” said Knodel, sounding somewhat resigned. “This is what we’re dealing with and it is an uphill battle. Believe me.” The Lost History of Earth (Ewaranon) W0W - A Must See Video Lost Earth – Links Below ! https://rumble.com/v28afys-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-1-buried-in-plain-sight-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28ahvo-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-2-lens-into-the-past-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28alqa-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-3-inheritors-of-mud-and-magnificense-lost-histor.html https://rumble.com/v28aobw-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-4-back-to-the-future-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28arc8-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-5-whispering-of-the-water-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28av42-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-6-offer-us-and-the-alchemist-lost-history-of-ear.html https://rumble.com/v28axuo-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-7-the-known-world-lost-history-of-earth-w0w.html https://rumble.com/v28b4q6-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-8-history-of-a-lost-earth-all-7-parts-together-l.html

What Would Happen if the Earth Were Actually Flat ? Welcome To The Tartaria New Year Wow Its 2024. The Earth has yet again made a revolution about the sun. But not so fast. If you subscribe to the idea of a flat Earth, then you’d believe that no such thing happened, because the sun rotates in a circle around the sky. Humans have known for thousands of years that the planet is round, yet the belief in a flat Earth refuses to die. Members of the Flat Earth Society claim to hold such beliefs. Let’s examine, then, how the well-known principles of physics and science would work (or not) on a flat Earth. Flat Earth has long been touted as the mother of all true conspiracy theories, marginalized, suppressed and ridiculed for centuries as being an ignorant ancient unscientific worldview, but the facts of the matter are far from what you have been told. "How Everything Works on Flat Earth," elucidates exactly how the geocentric stationary plane model works and why the heliocentric spinning ball-Earth model is actually nothing but a pseudo-scientific deception. Its So Easy Now... So You Now Have A True List Tens Of Thousands Area's Black Out Or Blocked From You... So Everything You Are Not Suppose To See Is Blacked Out For You By U.S.A. Government And Google Earth To See Now. (So find a 1,000 yrs. old name or old city on a map... like a 1632 Tartaria map or Area 51 or Magnetic stone rupes nigra huge rock at north pole... if its blackout or blocked... Its Not A Conspiracy Theory Anymore Its True) Wow Its For Real Now. If Its Not Real ?... Why Is It Blocked or Blacked Out In The First Place For You Too See ? Conspiracy Theories That Actually Turned Out to Be True They say the truth is stranger than fiction. That's no lie: All of these so-called "conspiracy theories" turned out to be legit. I’m not crazy, you’re all crazy! Yeah it’s a conspiracy…conspiracy of silence! We’re not saying that every cuckoo-bananas thing you hear is legitimate, we’re just saying that’s the case sometimes. These theories were too crazy to be true—until they weren’t. Gravity Fails First of all, a pancaked planet might not have any gravity. It’s unclear how gravity would work, or be created, in such a world, says James Davis, a geophysicist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. That’s a pretty big deal, since gravity explains a wide range of Earthly and cosmic observations. The same measurable force that causes an apple to fall from a tree also causes the moon to orbit the Earth and all the planets to orbit the sun. People who believe in a flat Earth assume that gravity would pull straight down, but there’s no evidence to suggest it would work that way. What we know about gravity suggests it would pull toward the center of the disk. That means it would only pull straight down at one point on the center of the disk. As you got increasingly far from the center, gravity would tug more and more horizontally. This would have some strange impacts, like sucking all the water toward the center of the world, and making trees and plants grow diagonally, since they develop in the opposite direction of gravity’s pull. Solar Problems Then there’s the sun. In the scientifically supported model of the solar system, the Earth revolves around the sun because the latter is much more massive and has more gravity. However, the Earth doesn’t fall into the sun because it is traveling in an orbit. In other words, the sun’s gravity isn’t acting alone. The planet is also traveling in a direction perpendicular to the star’s gravitational tug; if it were possible to switch off that gravity, the Earth would shoot away in a straight line and hightail it out of the solar system. Instead, the linear momentum and the sun’s gravity combine, resulting in a circular orbit around the sun. The flat Earth model places our planet at the center of the universe, but doesn’t suggest that the sun orbits the Earth. Rather, the sun circles over the top side of the world like a carousel, broadcasting light and warmth downward like a desk lamp. Without the linear, perpendicular momentum that helps generate an orbit, it’s unclear what force would keep the sun and moon hovering above the Earth, Davis says, instead of crashing into it. Likewise, in a flat world, satellites likely wouldn’t be possible. How would they orbit a plane? “There are a number of satellite missions that society depends on that just wouldn’t work,” Davis says. For this reason, he says, “I cannot think of how GPS would work on a flat Earth.” If the sun and moon just loop around one side of a flat Earth, there could presumably be a procession of days and nights. But it wouldn’t explain seasons, eclipses and many other phenomena. The sun would also presumably have to be smaller than Earth so as to not burn up or bump into our planet or the moon. However, we know the sun to be more than 100 times the diameter of the Earth. Removing Heaven and Earth Deep below ground, the solid core of the Earth generates the planet’s magnetic field. But in a flat planet, that would have to be replaced by something else. Perhaps a flat sheet of liquid metal. That, however, wouldn’t rotate in a way that creates a magnetic field. Without a magnetic field, charged particles from the sun would fry the planet. They could strip away the atmosphere, as they did after Mars lost its magnetic field, and the air and oceans would escape into space. Tectonic plate movement and seismicity depend on a round Earth, because only on a sphere do all the plates fit together in a sensible way, Davis says. Movements of plates on one side of the Earth effect movements on the other. The areas of the Earth that create crust, like the mid-Atlantic ridge, are counterbalanced by places that consume crust, like subduction zones. On a flat Earth, none of this could be adequately explained. There’d also have to be an explanation for what happens to plates at the edge of the world. One could imagine they might fall off, but that would presumably jeopardize the proposed wall that prevents people from falling off the disk-shaped world. Perhaps one of the most glaring oddities is that the proposed map of the flat Earth is totally different. It places the Arctic at the center while Antarctica forms an “ice wall” around the edges. In such a world, travel would look very different. Flying from Australia to certain parts of Antarctica would, for example, take forever—you’d have to travel over the Arctic and both Americas to get there. In addition, certain real-world feats, such as traveling across Antarctica (which has been done many times), would be impossible. Falling Flat Contrary to popular belief, it’s a misconception that many societies of serious, educated people ever actually believed in the flat Earth theory. “With extraordinary few exceptions, no educated person in the history of Western Civilization from the third century B.C. onward believed that the Earth was flat,” historian Jeffrey Burton Russell noted in 1997. “A round Earth appears at least as early as the sixth century B.C. with Pythagoras, who was followed by Aristotle, Euclid, and Aristarchus, among others in observing that the earth was a sphere.” As the scientist and writer Stephen Jay Gould once wrote, the idea that many people—including the Spaniards and Christopher Columbus—believed the Earth to be flat was largely concocted by 19th century writers such as Washington Irving, Jean Letronne and others. Letronne was “an academic of strong anti-religious prejudices… who cleverly drew upon both to misrepresent the church fathers and their medieval successors as believing in a flat earth,” Russell noted. In any case, while it’s fun to imagine counterfactual scenarios, science proceeds by coming up with theories to explain observations. When it comes to these theories, the simpler, the better, Davis says. The flat Earth idea, however, clearly begins with the idea that the planet is planar, and then attempts to twist other observations to its benefit. You can find odd explanations for individual phenomena under this framework, says Davis, but “it falls apart pretty quickly.” So where's the edge? who's to say that there is an edge and why assume there is one? is it because when we are introduced to the idea of a flat earth it's always depicted like this? in the currently most accepted model Antarctica is not a continent, but a 360 degree landmass made up of ice that holds the oceans within. when we look at a Gleason's map from 1892 that states at the top that it's scientifically and practically correct as is we see this Antarctic ice rim. the Gleason's map is basically an azimuthal equidistant projection which can be traced back to the year 1000. the AE map is also an official map of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the official logo for the United Nations. the oldest known globe in the world is from 1492 this is something you need to keep in mind because many people argue that the azimuthal equidistant map is just a flattened out version of the globe when in fact the globe is just a rounded version of this true world flat map. if the flat map came first and it has the ability to convert into a globe without any problems whatsoever then that should tell you a little bit about how this globe deception was achieved. now back to if there is an edge or not. there is no proof that there is an edge past the Antarctic ice wall, but it is speculated by many that perhaps the plane that we live on is either extremely expensive or it's possibly endless. in these two scenarios it would be logically assumed that more land as being hidden from the general public in a 1954 interview with Admiral Richard E bird, an American naval officer who specialized in exploration, he had this to say: "but strangely enough left in the world today is an area as big as the United States that's never been seen by human being and that's beyond the pole on the other side of the South Pole from Middle America and I think it's quite astonishing that it should be an area as big as that unexplored." implying that there is more land past Antarctica. if that uninhabited land was on a globe it would be in the Indian Ocean. a recent discovery of an old Buddhist map in a newspaper from 1907 seems to support the idea of a vast plain with much more land. Where does the Sun go if the earth is flat? well the Sun neither rises nor sets, but travels in a clockwise circuit from east to west and only appears to rise and set due to perspective. the Sun disappears at the vanishing point of human perspective on the horizon where the ground meets the sky and since the sun is not 93 million miles away I repeat NOT 93 million miles away, but much closer and smaller the light emanating from the Sun only illuminates about half of the flat plane at once as it makes its daily journey. What's underneath the flat earth? this is obviously an unanswerable question since the assumed edge has never been known to be reached, but many people suppose that whether the earth is round or flat that either way it still must be floating in the middle of outer space, but the idea of outer space goes out the window with the round earth theory. many religious text support an immovable earth that has its foundations on which it is laid and its pillars by which it is supported. we simply don't know, but we do know that the earth is obviously fixed in place as we can tell by our everyday experience of non movement. what we see in the skies above are illuminated objects making circles around us just as it appears. whatever this place maybe it's the center of all we survey. some say that the earth is the floor of the universe. in the ancient Hebrew conception of the universe we are surrounded by the waters above and the waters below known as the great deep. the deepest hole ever drilled into the earth was a total of about seven and a half miles. the very core of the earth is nothing more than wild speculation if not another malicious lie. so what's under the earth? that remains a mystery to us all, but another thing that you can research is what's inside the earth. multi-billion dollar deep underground military bases known as dumbs D.U.M.B's. What about ships and boats disappearing over the horizon? this is also due to human perspective. they don't go over the horizon. they go into the horizon, moving beyond the limit of our vision and passed the vanishing point, but the ships and boats are easily brought back into view with a pair of binoculars a telescope and any camera with a good zoom lens. a great question to ask yourself is why can't we see noticeable curvature from 120,000 feet up, but many people claim that the supposed curvature can be seen from the ground by watching boats? it doesn't make sense. What about all the pictures of the earth? they are all clearly computer-generated images they claim this picture from apollo 17 in 1972 Is real and they also claim that the 2015 epic earth picture is real, but NASA employee Robert Simmon gave us a glimpse of how they do it when he shared his experience of creating the blue marble 2.0 in 2002. he is now called mr. blue marble. he was interviewed and on record stating "the last time anyone took a photograph from above low Earth orbit that showed an entire hemisphere one side of the globe was in 1972 during Apollo 17 NASA's Earth observing system EOS satellites were designed to give a check-up of Earth's health by 2002 we finally had enough data to make a snapshot of the entire Earth so we did." in 2002, blue marble 2.0. NASA's Rob Simmon made this. Simmon's job is... it's primarily taking data and making pictures out of it. that's what this is. a composite of data sets from several different instruments translated into a picture. so we actually had to take clouds and out. stashed the clouds for later went on to the ocean that came from an instrument that measures phytoplankton in the sea. where it was low, I color it dark blue because they're low mostly in mid oceans and then where it's a little bit higher, it was like a little bit brighter green, then add the clouds back in. there is a small problem with it because there's a very slight gap in between each orbit so some of those are painted on. it is photoshopped but it has to be. then there was another layer to sort of simulate the atmosphere and then there's this little bright spot, it's called the specular highlight. so it's the reflection of sunlight off of water. those are the pieces, but you can't just slap them all together just didn't look realistic it looks kind of flat or the clouds are sort of to see through so i just hit command + Z a lot. there's artistry to creating the world. what I imagined it to be. unfortunately i'm not an astronaut. I've never been to space, but I've looked at these images over and over again trying to sort of get the essence of it. It is photoshopped but it has to be. it is photoshopped but it has to be. it is photoshopped but it has to be. it is photoshopped but it has to be. Why are all the other planets around then? when you compare amateur footage done with professional grade cameras and compare it to NASA's official images of planets and stars, it's clear that NASA images are all computer-generated. no different than the photos of Earth. what have become known as planets are round lights that seem to be set over the flat earth. the so-called planets and stars are not what we have been told they are and comparing luminous objects that you see in the sky to the earth under your feet is very ineffective for actually proving the supposed rotundity of the earth. since there are no actual photographs of the earth and motion has never been experienced or proven, it would seem more logical for one to assume that we are on a flat motionless plain and everything we see in the heavens revolves around us. What about satellites and GPS? as crazy as it may sound, satellites are a hoax. have you ever wondered why there are never any damaged or fallen satellites? and why there are no satellite malfunctions due to constant heating and cooling? it's weird they don't melt in the thermosphere that's over 2,000 degrees. I find myself looking at the moon and wondering why we never see satellites pass by the moon. did you know there are thousands of miles of fiber optic cables under the seabed that supplies 90% of the Earth's communication? internet, phones, etc. and GPS works off of cell phone towers. it's called triangulation. haven't you seen those really tall towers and wondered what they are? satellite TV is just enhanced radio using ground-based towers it's all ground-based just like the old TV antenna. science fiction author arthur c. clarke proposed the idea of geostationary satellites in 1945 in a magazine called wireless world and twenty years later in 1965 they claim to have successfully launched the first commercial geostationary communication satellite. today there are said to be thousands, but the odd thing is that trying to prove it only leaves you fruitless. Is outer space even real? yes and no. what you see in the sky as far as stars and wandering stars also known as planets are there. how could we deny them? we don't know what they actually are, but they are there. now what we are told about outer space and what it is is not true at all. everything we believe about so-called outer space is due mostly to Hollywood movies and other media including children's cartoons. of course NASA propaganda is the biggest culprit. as we have already gone over there are no pictures of Earth and even images of all the other so-called planets are computer generated. NASA has gone on record numerous times stating that humans can't get past low Earth orbit. NASA's next spacecraft already being built and tested across America will do those things and more. this is the spacecraft that's going to take humans to explore the solar system it's the next big step for NASA and exploration. called the Orion multi-purpose crew vehicle or MPCV this next generation spacecraft will enable America to explore beyond low-earth orbit. as we get further away from earth will pass through the Van Allen belts. an area of dangerous radiation but orion has protection. shielding will be put to the test as the vehicle cuts through the waves of radiation. sensors aboard will record radiation levels for scientists to study. we must solve these challenges before we send people through this region of space. plan that NASA has is to build a rocket called SLS which is a heavy lift rocket. it's something that is much bigger than what we have today and it will be able to launch the Orion capsule with humans on board as well as Landers or other components to get to destinations beyond Earth orbit. right now we only can fly in Earth orbit. that's the farther so we can go and this new system that we're building is going to allow us to go beyond and hopefully take humans into the solar system to explore. so the moon, Mars, asteroids, there's a lot of destinations that we could go to and we're building these building block components in order to allow us to do that eventually. and unlike the previous program, we are setting a course with specific and achievable milestones. early in the next decade a set of crude flights will test and prove the systems required for exploration beyond low Earth orbit. low Earth orbit is supposedly between 99 and 1,200 miles away. the funny thing is that they say the moon is over 200,000 miles away. how did we make it so far in the 1960's and 1970's if we can't do it today? also the International Space Station, just like everything else brought to us by NASA, is a fake free masonic hoax completely fabricated and done with special effects, models, pools, zero g planes and various other camera tricks. How is circumnavigation possible on a flat earth? very easily. you can travel east and west directions to ultimately end up right back where you started. the face of the earth looks similar to that of a clock. in fact, clocks were most likely designed after the true appearance of our world. if you follow a compass east for long enough you'll make a full circuit. same thing if you travel west long long enough. as we've already gone over, the flat earth map that was around before globes were easily converts to a globe. so everything you believe you are doing on a globe is actually taking place on a flat earth. How come the moon is upside down in the southern hemisphere? this is another very simple explanation. when somebody is in the northern part of the earth. or on the northern part of the earth, they see the moon from this angle. when somebody is on the southern part of the earth the moon looks like this. they're looking at it from this angle. they see it from the opposite angle. that's all it is. imagine you tape a picture of the moon in the center of your living room. depending on where you are in the room the moon will be seen differently. when pondering this question, keep in mind that the face of the moon never changes. on a spherical earth we'd expect to see other sides, but we never have. What about the seasons? the Sun is close and small and it circles around and above the flat earth in a spiral pattern. on the tropic of cancer in the northern summer months and then down in the tropic of capricorn in the northern winter months. so when the Sun is further away from the North Pole, the center of the flat earth, it's winter in the north and summer in the south. since the sun is smaller than we are told and closer it makes much more sense that we experience seasons in the first place. if the Sun was 93 million miles away and had a radius of over 400,000 miles we would hardly experience temperature fluctuation as we do. What about gravity? gravity is necessary in order for a spinning ball earth to work. people readily believe that you can't fall off of a spinning ball that's darting through outer space at speeds that you can't even comprehend, yet they will deny how much easier it is to stay on a flat surface that doesn't move. gravity is a scapegoat for all that cannot be explained and it has never been proven. the reason why things fall or float is because of density and buoyancy. if something is heavier than air it falls. if it's lighter than air it floats. very straightforward. your phone is denser than the air. therefore it falls when you drop it. everything works because of density no need to factor in imaginary components. quote "the law of gravitation is said by the advocates of the Newtonian system of astronomy to be the greatest discovery of science and the foundation of the whole of modern astronomy. if therefore it can be shown that gravitation is a pure assumption and an imagination of the mind only, that it has no existence outside of the brains of its expanders and advocates, the whole of the hypotheses of this modern so-called science fall to the ground as flat as the surface of the ocean and this most exact of all Sciences, this wonderful feet of the intellect, becomes at once the most ridiculous superstition and the most gigantic imposture to which ignorance and credulity could ever be exposed. Thomas Winship, zetetic cosmogony What about the Coriolis effect? they say that the Coriolis effect is a result of the earth spinning and is responsible for the deflection of an object moving above the earth, rightward in the northern hemisphere and leftward in the southern hemisphere. the problem is that things like hurricanes and water in the sink aren't always predictable and have been known to spin both ways in either hemisphere. also another contradiction that proves the Coriolis effect false is the fact that no flying machine above the earth has to account for it. if a bullet that travels 1,700 miles per hour has to account for the effect than an airplane traveling at 550 miles per hour would definitely have to account for the effect. when you look for the answer you'll find that we are told that since the atmosphere moves with the spin of the earth, planes aren't affected. so why would bullets be, especially when they go much faster than common airplanes? Why can't I see infinitely far? this is for the people that wonder why they can't see certain things that they believe they should be able to see if the earth was flat. I've been asked on numerous occasions "why can't I see Mount Everest from anywhere on earth?" I've also been asked "why can't I see spain from the east coast of America?" well, besides dirt, dust, dew, rain, fog, smog, smoke, clouds, mist, haze, snow, etc, your vision is limited by the vanishing point of your perception. check your weather app on your phone and notice the visibility in your area. Is the flat earth a religious thing? yes and no. i say this because, i myself, am not religious.I'd rather not have faith in something, but know the facts to the best of my ability and the facts are that the curvature and motion of the earth have never been proven. the Bible without any doubt whatsoever supports an earth that's fixed in place The Book of Enoch which is biblically endorsed and most likely belongs in the Bible describes the flat stationary enclosed earth in great detail. many religions and civilizations preceding Judaism and Christianity support a flat and stationary earth such as the Babylonians, the Egyptians the Mayans, the Norse, the Hindus, etc. this fantastic spinning globe earth is very new to the people of the world, yet most of us carry on as if the theory is unquestionable and we've been conditioned to laugh when the flat earth is brought up. whether you are religious or not, you can see the flat earth for yourself. Is the flat earth society behind the resurgence of the flat earth? no. the flat earth society is designed as a containment unit. gatekeepers that tell the truth about some stuff. but then lie about other things in order to make it appear ridiculous or steer you in the wrong direction. for instance this is what F.E.S has to say about gravity "in the Flat Earth model gravity rather than being a force is the upward acceleration of the flat earth. the earth always accelerates upward at one g which is equivalent to the gravitational acceleration in the round earth model. like the force of gravity, the Earth's acceleration causes several commonly observed phenomenon in our daily lives. if that isn't the biggest turnoff I don't know what is. the flat earth argument has never died. it only died down. real flat earthers have always been among us, but it wasn't until late 2014 early 2015 when Eric dubay started making a lot of noise about the flat earth conspiracy and got people like myself on board. it took me 10 months of research before finally accepting the truth about where we live. thanks to the many great flat earth researchers, content creators and activists since then, more and more people are waking up to the massive deception every day. Are all scientists, pilots and members of the government in on it? No most scientists, pilots and members of the government's have been indoctrinated just as the rest of us have. when they work at their everyday job, they go about it as if the earth is most certainly spherical. if indeed some of these people did know the earth is flat, they most likely wouldn't even speak out about it in fear of losing their job or ruining their reputation. the average scientist goes about everything they do with the spherical earth already factored in. for mainstream science, questioning our current model is a huge no-no. for pilots, computers do most of their work. not to take away from what they do because i personally appreciate it and also pilots often switch out and stops making it difficult to understand the real lay out of Earth's landmasses. as far as government members and politicians go besides high-ranking officials at NASA which isn't government at all, it's safe to assume that they are not in the know and they are not knowingly perpetrating this lie. very few people compared to the population of the world are enlightened to the flat earth. NASA isn't the only space agency, are the others in on it too? the answer is yes here's a short clip on what you need to know. the vector. NASA's official logo. if you've ever looked at NASA's official logo both their official insignia and their official seal, you'll see that most prominent object in the in the seal is a a red swishing object. they call that the chevron or the vector. if you ask NASA public affairs office why this symbology is featured so heavily in their insignia and seal they'll give you what really amounts to the standard facile cover story for the unilluminated. They'll tell you that that is a representation of a hypersonic wing design from the 1950's which was the time the logo was created. not exactly the case. someone might want to ask the russian federal space agency, roscosmos that was formed in 1992, why they chose that same logo and while you're at it you can go ask the Chinese,who formed their space agency in 1996, why in the world they're using the hypersonic wing design from the nineteen fifties as their official logo. then you can ask the Japanese and South Koreans, Taiwanese, malaysia, mexico, Iran.all of these countries even bulgaria. they all utilize the vector symbology in the space agency logos for their international space agencies. it gets even deeper. you can go look at the individual manned program patches for NASA of the Mercury program for example. blatant use of covert symbology in every logo dealing with the Mercury program. we will see what looks like a number seven in their logo and again, NASA's official story is that they put this number seven there so that they could pay homage to the original seven mercury astronauts, kind of forgetting the fact that only six mercury astronauts actually flew into space. because number seven never never did. he had a heart problem so he didn't get to go up so there were only six mercury astronauts. yes there's a seven in every single logo that's in the official mission and say for official program insignia for mercury as well as the six individual mission patches carry this member and it carries on to the space shuttle program if you look at the Apollo program the Apollo logo has a big letter and that's what they want you to but it's not again that's just the simple way of explaining away the inclusion of this vector symbology and the local if you go to the space shuttle program the original space shuttle sts program patch is a triangular patch that again hides the use of the shamrock vector symbology and that also goes for many of the sts specific mission patches every single one of the International Space Station expedition patches carry the vector symbology the russian air space station use the vector symbology that was there there official logo you can even go deeper and look at military industrial complex companies look at the logo on a company like Lockheed Martin two vectors the XPrize logo ames research labs US Space Command we get into the military realm the United States base commander official logo is the vector symbol and when you look at the military's individual space specific programs all of them all of them deal with vector symbology and their official insignia and the question really becomes who or what are these people paying homage to let's look at nasa's earth rise now let's look at Jaxa's Earthrise. do you believe this is real Who's responsible for this deception? you will find that the Jesuits and the Vatican have been intimately involved in all things space, including owning the earliest telescopes and to this day the largest owners of observatories and telescopes in the world. the society of Jesuits have been actively spreading the heliocentric theory for 500 years while trying to bury thousands of years of Flat Earth cosmology. the Jesuits are rulers of all powers that we are aware of and have been ruthless in their pursuit of world domination for centuries. no matter who is killed or what has to be done to establish a one world order out of chaos. they rule over or are deeply partnered with people like the Rothschilds and many other international banksters, secret societies, especially the Freemasons as well as zionist jews and especially zionist jews in seats of power. they rule over all the alphabet agencies and government think tanks including the NSA, CIA, FBI, Mossad, KGB, roundtable, committee of 300, Tavistock Institute, Lucis trust publishing, bilderberg group and the Council of Foreign Relations including representative government and legislation like the US presidency Congress and the Supreme Court. the jesuits order is said to have been established by Jews, again showing that the Jews are behind some of the biggest hoaxes in history, including the Holocaust. Freemasons are also spread out all over the world to further the different agendas that serve this Illuminati elite. Why the lie? their desire is to convince us that we are only one of a septillion other planets flying through infinite space. a septillion? where do they get these numbers? a septillion has 24 zeros. they want us to think that we are nothing more than a cosmic accident caused by a big *** that took place 14 billion years ago. again where do they get these numbers? how one could draw that conclusion is unknown. they want us not to understand our origin and go on believing that life is meaningless. they want us to believe that alien life is real and that they created us. look no further than ancient aliens for the propaganda. not to mention countless shows and movies they program us with. this isn't just about flat earth vs. round earth. it's much bigger than that. whatever they plan on doing needed the spherical earth groundwork laid before they could proceed. they may either shock us with a fake alien invasion or a disclosure of the beings that have always been among us passed off as life from distant galaxies. who knows? another reason to turn the earth into a ball is to hide extra land. if this is a vast plain and there are places past Antarctica with more oceans and more land masses, then an easy way to get rid of them is to wrap our part of this plain around a ball and make it seem as if there is nothing else and everything has already been discovered. the globe is full fledged slavery for inquiring minds. "I like to be an explorer like the great Magellan." "oh! you're too late. there's really nothing left to explore." What does it mean if the earth is flat? it means that the origin of man is deliberately being covered up from us. man woman child you are being deceived on a massive scale. flat earth, enclosed flat earth, expansive plane flat earth or even infinite plane flat earth with an infinite ceiling barrier or possibly another plane of existence above us and below us. it means that this place was created. that you were designed. you were crafted. you are special and with purpose. a purpose being hidden from you on purpose. we are supposed to know our world and our reason for being. we've been swallowed whole by this economic fiat money system that controls absolutely everything and rules this manufactured reality. most of us know that we are slaves and it's no wonder we desire to escape through movies, TV shows and video games that happen to also further our programming and mental conditioning. we were never meant to live like this and knowledge of our flat earth is a step in the right direction. it's something that can't be taken from us it's the fuel that we need to let these *** know that we won't go down in ignorance. we will not willingly accept their one world authority that wants to rule over all mind and all matter. embrace this flat world of ours and free your mind from the globalist mind control. it's time that we stand up for ourselves and our beautiful earth. all I want to know is who's coming with me? space may be the final frontier, but it's made in a hollywood basement. have you ever dreamed of going up to outer space or maybe meeting other beings from another place? have you ever wondered what it's like on other planets then you watch a science show and come to believe you understand it? you feel empowered by the knowledge and you feel enlightened listening to bill nye and neil degrasse tyson. but then you wake up and you start to see the obvious. life is just a lie and this whole world and what we thought it was. NASA's missions to the moon were never completed. they just filmed them in a room and people believe it. I used to wonder what it's like to be an astronaut, now when I see them acting I can't help but to laugh a lot. they give us cartoons and then claim that we live on the ball, but it's flat and it's not moving or spinning at all. why you lying to us, man? that's something that we want to know after that you're going to have to pack up all your stuff and go. space may be the final frontier, but it's made in a hollywood basement. history has been rewritten by winners of wars - the jesuit order, khazars, Freemasons and more. they pulled the veil over our eyes and it's time to awaken. through organized indoctrination our minds have been taken. it's time we take our power back and we rescue our people. the Vatican and the bankers are like resident evil. they may have had the greatest plan that was ever concocted, but Illuminati never thought that they'd ever be spotted. their manufacturing reality all in our heads. they tell us if the earth is flat we'll fall off the edge, but if it is the spinning ball we won't fall off and then and gravity is our imaginary magic friend. why is water always flat when unmanipulated? why are pictures of the earth computer-generated? why you lying to us, man? that's something that we want to know. after that you're going to have to pack up all your stuff and go. space may be the final frontier, but it's made in a hollywood basement Dear NASA, it's coming 100% crystal clear that you and the other space programs that are in operation are connected and are deceiving the entire world. More and more people are waking up every single day and we are now able to see right through you, but what we really want to know is why are you lying? sincerely, Me and the great people of this earth CATEGORY: GRAVITY Air Density vs Object’s Weight At a lower altitude, the air is denser, and objects weigh more. On the other hand, at a higher altitude, the air is less dense, and objects weigh less. Flat-Earthers deny gravity and invented the “explanation” that an object falls only because it is denser than the air surrounding it. But if it were true, objects should weigh more at a higher altitude where the air is less dense. But they weigh less instead, disproving flat-Earthers’ density theory. Gravitational Acceleration in Archimedes’ Formula Archimedes’ principle states that the upward buoyant force exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. Today we usually use B = -ρgV to calculate the buoyant force, where ρ is the fluid’s density, g is the gravitational acceleration, and V is the volume of the displaced fluid. Archimedes discovered buoyancy earlier than Newton discovered gravity, and flat-Earthers dispute the presence of g in the buoyancy formula. In reality, buoyancy depends on the weight of the fluid, and the distinction between weight and mass only occurred after Newton. Archimedes’ principle still applies, only that we now have a better understanding of what weight is. Newton discovered that the weight of a body on Earth’s surface is caused by gravity exerted by Earth’s mass on the body. Because the strength of Earth’s gravity varies, the weight of an object also depends on its location on Earth. Due to this fact, Newton separated weight into mass and gravitational acceleration. Mass is an intrinsic property of a body whose magnitude is constant despite being affected by the varying strength of Earth’s gravity. In Archimedes’ time, we only knew about weight, we have not yet discovered that weight is actually caused by gravity, and we did not know that weight varies depending on the location. Because the weight of an object can vary, then the magnitude of buoyancy also varies. The existence of g in the buoyancy formula is there to account for the difference. Isaac Newton and the Falling Apple The fall of an apple inspired Isaac Newton to understand that the same force that brought the apple falling toward the ground also keeps the Moon in motion around Earth. However, his work involved much more than just observing the falling apple. Flat-Earthers downplay Newton’s contribution as if it was only about the falling Apple and use the episode as a means of ridicule. In reality, Newton’s works were much more than that. Newton wrote the “Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica” to explain gravity, mechanics, and other topics. It consists of three books, with the following contents: Book 1: motion without resisting medium, infinitesimal calculus, Kepler’s second law, circular motion, orbital path, inverse-square law, eccentric orbit, three-body problem, shell theorem. Book 2: motion through resisting medium, resistance vs. velocity, hydrostatics, compressible fluids, derivation of Boyle’s law, the air resistance of pendulums, speed of waves, speed of sound. Book 3: universal gravitation, the orbital motion of the Moon, the orbital motion of the satellites of Jupiter, the motion of comets, tides, the precession of the equinoxes, heliocentrism. To formulate the law of gravity, Newton has to invent calculus in the first place. It is an entire field in mathematics and used in other branches of science, not just physics and mathematics. Variation of Earth’s Gravitational Acceleration The acceleration of free-falling objects on Earth varies. It depends on various factors. The figure of 9.8 m/s² is just a nominal value to use if the actual local value is unknown or unimportant. These variations can only be explained using the law of gravity and that the Earth is a rotating sphere. Flat-Earthers claim that science tells us that Earth’s gravitational acceleration is always 9.8 m/s² everywhere on Earth, and they use it as “evidence” Earth is flat and stationary. But, in reality, Earth’s gravitational acceleration does indeed vary in different locations. The value of 9.8 m/s² is only an approximation. It is very close to the actual value everywhere on Earth, and close enough for most practical applications. The real value does differ by about 0.5%. An object at the poles will weight approximately 0.5% more than at the Equator. The various factors that determine the magnitude of Earth’s gravity: Latitude. The equator is farther away from the center of the Earth than the poles. The equator is also getting the highest centrifugal acceleration due to Earth’s rotation. Altitude. Greater altitude means greater distance from Earth’s center of gravity, and therefore causes a weaker gravity. Depth. If we go deeper below Earth’s surface, gravity becomes weaker because the mass above us will pull us upward instead of down. Local topography & geology. Denser rocks under the ground below us will cause a stronger gravity. Taking a scale to another location will no longer result in the correct measurement and will require recalibration. These gravity variations can only adequately be explained using the law of gravity and that Earth is a rotating sphere. What We Feel as “Weight” is the Force of Gravity The weight of an object is the force exerted on the object by gravity. The gravitational force exerted by the Earth on an object is what we feel as the ‘weight’ of the object. Many flat-Earthers fail to understand that the gravitational force is just another name for ‘weight’. Much misinformation in flat Earth communities arises from this misunderstanding. One of the most common misconceptions found in the flat Earth community is that if gravity is so strong that it can make ocean water stick on Earth, it should affect objects that weigh less, like feathers & dandelions, with a far stronger force. What we experience as the weight of an object is, in reality, the force of gravity itself, which is exerted by Earth’s mass on the object. The more massive an object, then the greater is its weight, or in other words, the greater the gravitational force exerted by the Earth on the object. And as a result, it would require more force to lift the object. Force Vectors Many misinformation within flat-Earth communities is present only because of their lack of understanding on how forces work on an object. A force is described by a vector. It has magnitude and direction. A single object can be affected by more than one force at the same time. These forces can be added together, resulting in what we call the ‘resultant’. The object will move according to the magnitude and direction of the resultant. Forces can cancel each other out and results in a zero resultant. But it does not mean these forces don’t exist. An insignificant force can be omitted in a calculation for simplification. But it doesn’t mean the force does not exist. A force might have the opposite direction from the resultant. But it doesn’t mean the force does not exist. This basic knowledge on how forces and vectors work can be used to answer these kinds of misconceptions: “Helium balloon move upward. So, gravity does not exist.” “Satellites are not falling to the Earth. So, gravity does not exist.” “A feather can fly away because of wind. So, gravity does not exist.” “Throwing a ball does not require us to account for the Coriolis effect. So, the Coriolis effect does not exist.” Other similar misinformation can be found within the flat-Earth community and can be quickly answered using this basic knowledge of physics. Newton’s Cannonball Newton’s cannonball was a thought experiment Isaac Newton used to explain the principle of orbital motion. It was the first explanation of an orbit and still the easiest to understand. Newton visualizes a cannon on top of a very tall mountain where the air resistance is no longer a factor. As more charge is used with each cannon shot, the speed of the cannonball will be greater, and the cannonball will hit the ground farther and farther. Finally, at a certain speed, it will not hit the ground at all. It will fall toward the spherical Earth just as fast as the Earth curves away from it. In the absence of drag from the atmosphere, it will continue forever in orbit around the Earth. Hill Sphere The Moon orbits the Earth —not the Sun— because the Moon lies well within Earth’s Hill sphere. Hill sphere is the region around Earth where Earth —instead of the Sun— dominates the attraction of satellites. Flat-Earthers noticed the Sun exerts a stronger pull to the Moon than Earth does to the Moon. They incorrectly concluded that according to science, the Moon should orbit the Sun, then proceeded to use it to discredit science. In reality, they did not account for the centrifugal acceleration resulting from the motion around the Sun, which is one of the factors that determines Earth’s Hill sphere. The Moon is affected by the Sun’s and Earth’s gravity and the centrifugal acceleration from the motion of the Earth-Moon system around the Sun. A satellite tends to orbit Earth —not the Sun— if Earth’s gravity + the centrifugal acceleration is greater than the Sun’s gravity. The satellite’s distance from Earth determines that. The farther it is from the Earth, the stronger the attraction the Sun exerts to the satellite. The region where Earth’s gravity + the centrifugal acceleration is greater than the Sun’s gravity is called the Hill sphere of Earth. Earth’s Hill sphere is ~1500000 km. The Moon is 384400 km away, well within Earth’s Hill sphere. Therefore, the Moon orbits Earth, not the Sun. Calculations The Moon’s case: Sun’s distance = 1 AU Moon’s distance = 406700 km (the farthest point from Earth) Sun’s gravitational acceleration = G * solar mass / (AU-406700 km)^2 = 0.00596433161 m / s² Earth’s gravitational acceleration = (G * earth mass) / ((406700 km)^2) = 0.00240977603 m / s² Centrifugal acceleration = ((G * solar mass) / (AU^3)) * (AU – (406700 km)) = 0.00591581945 m / s² Total acceleration away from the Sun = 0.00240977603 m / s² + 0.00591581945 m / s² = 0.00832559548 m / s² Because Sun’s gravitational acceleration is less than the total acceleration away from the Sun, then it is possible for the Moon to orbit Earth. The case of an object at the edge of Earth’s Hill sphere: Sun’s distance = 1 AU Object’s distance = 1500000 km Sun’s gravitational acceleration = G * solar mass / (AU-1500000 km)^2 = 0.00605271739m / s² Earth’s gravitational acceleration = (G * earth mass) / ((1500000 km)^2) = 0.00017715055 m / s² Centrifugal acceleration = ((G * solar mass) / (AU^3)) * (AU – (1500000 km)) = 0.00587246725 m / s² Total acceleration away from the Sun = 0.00017715055 m / s² + 0.00587246725 m / s² = 0.0060496178 m / s² The sun’s gravitational acceleration is about the same as the total acceleration away from the Sun. It will not be possible for an object here to have a stable orbit around Earth, nor around the Sun. But it is possible to have a stable orbit around this point at the edge of Earth’s Hill sphere, which is called the Lagrangian point L1. Elegance Our understanding of gravity explains a phenomenon clearly and directly. It is one idea, easy to understand, explains so many phenomena, can account for a large amount of data, and answers many questions. In other words, we can say that gravity is elegant. In contrast, each of the different concepts in the flat Earth model requires a separate explanation and often in conflict with each other. We can say it is ugly. It is why flat-Earthers cannot accept that a single idea of gravity can explain so many phenomena. In the beginning, Newton brought up the idea that everyday things falling down and the motion of planets are actually caused by the same phenomenon that he called gravity. In time, we also know gravity can also explain so many other things and led us to understand things we previously don’t know. On the other hand, flat-Earthers are so used to inventing new “explanations” for every different phenomenon, which often in conflict with each other. They think that gravity can explain so many things is ridiculous and impossible, and that scientists are just making that up. Flat-Earthers often mention the many things that are explained by gravity to ridicule our position. In reality, gravity can, in fact, explain these things consistently. There is nothing ridiculous about that. What is Gravity In a StarTalk episode, Neil deGrasse Tyson was given the question “what is gravity?” He quipped “we have no idea” before elaborating more. Flat-Earthers quoted it out of context to discredit Neil and gravity, completely disregarding what Neil explained afterward. In reality, Neil did provide a very comprehensive answer to the question “what is gravity” but flat-Earthers only gave an emphasis to the “we have no idea” part of his answer, and skipped the rest of his answer. You were meant to ask the question in life. So, to say what is it, I think Einstein, in an Einsteinian answer, we’d say gravity is the curvature of space and time. And that an object will follow the curvature of spacetime, and we interpret that as a force of gravity. That’s probably the best answer I can give to a “what is gravity” question, or why is there a gravity. That’s the best I can do. I think that’s a good start. And I can also say that Einstein noted that matter tells space how to curve, space tells matter how to move. Yeah, so, matter and energy will curve the fabric of space. It is the curvature that tells other matter how to move in a curvature of space itself. And so Einstein juxtaposes those in a poetic phrase where he said matter tells space how to curve, space tells matter how to move. It’s beautiful. Pressure Difference Without a Barrier Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases. A pressure difference can occur without a barrier. Other factors, like gravity, can cause a pressure difference. Flat-Earthers claim a pressure difference cannot possibly occur without a barrier, like Earth’s atmosphere next to the vacuum of space. In reality, it is not difficult to demonstrate that a pressure difference can exist without a barrier. Many smartphones and smartwatches are equipped with a pressure sensor that we can use to measure the pressure difference. These devices can easily measure the pressure difference between upstairs and downstairs in a two-story house. Some can even tell the pressure difference when we put it on a table and the floor. There is no barrier involved, yet there is a pressure difference, proving that a pressure difference can exist without a barrier. The pressure gradient of Earth’s atmosphere is well known. We use it to measure altitude. Our smartphones & smartwatches use it to measure our vertical movements for health monitoring purposes. Density Tower A density tower is formed by layering immiscible liquids of different densities on top of each other. It is possible because Earth’s gravitational acceleration pulls denser fluid particles stronger and displace less dense ones upward. Flat-Earthers claim that the possibility to have density towers disproves gravity. In reality, a density tower cannot form without the presence of acceleration, like Earth’s gravitational acceleration. In a zero-G plane, the container is accelerated downward by the same amount as the liquids inside it, and therefore the liquids are not accelerated relative to the container. By nullifying Earth’s gravitational acceleration using a zero-G plane, a density tower will not form. On Earth’s surface, everything is accelerated downward by Earth’s gravitational acceleration. It is possible to add another acceleration in addition to Earth’s gravitational acceleration already affecting the liquids. Adding these two accelerations together can result in a net acceleration which is not straight downward, and the shape of a density tower will reflect that. Putting a density tower on a centrifuge will accelerate it away from the center, and it will change the direction of the density tower. Placing a density tower inside an accelerating car will also add acceleration to the system and affect the density tower’s direction. Repulsive Force Gravity does not possess repulsive force like magnetism. These are two different phenomena with different characteristics. Flat-Earthers use the lack of a repulsive force in gravity to deny its existence. In reality, there is no requirement for an attractive force to have a repulsive force. Gravity does not act like magnetism, and the fact does not disprove gravity. Flat-Earthers observe that magnets have both attractive and repulsive forces, and conclude that if a force is attractive, there must be the corresponding repulsive force. They use this invention of “scientific law” to reject gravity, which does not possess a repulsive force. However, there are adhesion and cohesion, which both are attractive forces that do not have the repulsive force, just like gravity. The score is now 3-1 for the phenomena that do not have repulsive force, and by the same “reasoning,” they should start questioning if magnets exist. Some of them use Newton’s third law to justify the requirement for an attractive force to have repulsive force. In reality, the action and reaction pairs in Newton’s third law affect two different objects. If two objects are attracted to each other by gravity, then two equal forces affect both the objects by the same amount but having the opposite direction. Gravity does not violate Newton’s third law. Others use the law of the conservation of energy to justify that a repulsive force must exist. However, the law of conservation of energy applies to energy, not force. There is no such thing as the law of conservation of force. In gravity, we have gravitational potential energy. A simple example of this is the pendulum. At the highest position, the weight has a maximum height and therefore having the maximum gravitational potential energy. As it falls lower, it converts the energy to accelerate the weight, turning it into the kinetic energy. As it goes back higher again, it converts the kinetic energy back again and turning it into gravitational potential energy. Again, gravity does not violate the law of conservation of energy. Weightlessness, Free Fall, and Microgravity In orbit, objects are weightless because both the objects and the spacecraft have the same speed and direction, and both are affected by the same gravitational influence. We use the spacecraft as the frame of reference. Because the objects are not in motion relative to the spacecraft, they appear to float. In Earth orbit, the objects are still affected by Earth’s gravity, but yet they float. Flat-Earthers use it to disprove spaceflight. In reality, the objects float because we are using the spacecraft as the frame of reference, which is also moving by the same amount and is affected by the same gravity as the objects themselves. If the thrusters of the rocket are activated, the rocket is affected by a force that does not directly affect the astronaut. So, the astronaut will feel being pushed toward the back of the spacecraft by the same amount it is accelerated forward. On the lunar surface, the astronaut does not float because he is not in orbit. He lacks the speed to go against lunar gravity. The gravity of the Moon pulls him toward the surface just like on Earth, only one-sixth as strong. Welcome to the Flat Earth Society, and thank you for taking the time to go through this FAQ. It was created to address the many misconceptions a Round Earther may have about the Flat Earth Theory, and to act as an easily-accessible entry point into the mainstream Flat Earth model. This page is designed to answer some of the questions that many Round Earthers raise when they first arrive. Please check this page before making your first threads in the forums, as it may contain the answers to the questions on your mind. Some of the questions here have multiple answers due to differing views of Flat Earth Theory among some of our members. What is the Flat Earth Society? United Nations emblem The United Nations emblem closely resembles the Flat Earth map. The Flat Earth Society is a group actively promoting the Flat Earth Movement worldwide. Descending from Samuel Shenton's International Flat Earth Research Society, and the Universal Zetetic Society before it, we continue the age-old tradition of questioning the Round Earth doctrine and challenging authorities. Acknowledging the link between various unconventional beliefs, the Society also occasionally engages in other controversial debates, striving to provide a voice for all free thinkers and Zeteticists. What evidence do you have? The evidence for a Flat Earth is derived from many different facets of science and philosophy. The simplest is by relying on ones own senses to discern the true nature of the world around us. The world looks flat, the bottoms of clouds are flat, the movement of the Sun; these are all examples of your senses telling you that we do not live on a spherical heliocentric world. This is using what's called an empirical approach, or an approach that relies on information from your senses. Alternatively, when using Descartes' method of Cartesian doubt to skeptically view the world around us, one quickly finds that the notion of a spherical world is the theory which has the burden of proof and not Flat Earth Theory. Perhaps the best example of Flat Earth proof is the Bedford Level Experiment. In short, this was an experiment performed many times on a six-mile stretch of water that proved the surface of the water to be flat. It did not conform to the curvature of the Earth that Round Earth proponents teach. Many other experiments demonstrating the lack of curvature in the Earth may be found in Earth Not a Globe by Samuel Rowbotham, as well as in the Experimental Evidence section of this Wiki. Is the Flat Earth Theory connected to a religion? The Flat Earth Theory is neither officially nor unofficially associated with any religion. Throughout the ages various religious institutions have championed a Flat Earth model for the world. Unfortunately this leaves us with the vestigial thought that Flat Earth theory and religions are symbiotic. They are not, even though many religions today, both mainstream and otherwise, still teach its followers that the world is flat. While they are not incorrect, believing in a Flat Earth isn't contingent upon believing in a deity or being a part of any religion. People have been into space. How have they not discovered that the Earth is flat? The most commonly accepted explanation of this is that the space agencies of the world are involved in a conspiracy faking space travel and exploration. This likely began during the Cold War's 'Space Race', in which the USSR and USA were obsessed with beating each other into space to the point that each faked their accomplishments in an attempt to keep pace with the other's supposed achievements. Since the end of the Cold War, however, the conspiracy is most likely motivated by greed rather than political gains, and using only some of their funding to continue to fake space travel saves a lot of money to embezzle for themselves. In light of the above, please note that we are not suggesting that space agencies are aware that the Earth is flat and actively covering the fact up. They depict the Earth as being round simply because that is what they expect it to be. Thanks For Writing Us. The truth is we are both flat and round earth believer and i love to go to south pole to see for myself if its true or not. because how do you know anything un-tell you see it for yourself or in person ? But Its Must Be True And So Easy To See Now... So You Now Have A True List Tens Of Thousands Area's Black Out Or Blocked From You... So Everything You Are Not Suppose To See Is Blacked Out For You By U.S.A. Government And Google Earth To See Now. (So find a 1,000 yrs. old name or old city on a map... like a 1632 Tartaria map or Area 51 or Magnetic stone rupes nigra huge rock at north pole... if its blackout or blocked... Its Not A Conspiracy Theory Anymore Its True) Wow Its For Real Now. If Its Not Real ?... Why Is It Blocked or Blacked Out In The First Place For You Too See ? https://rumble.com/v2dm0zi-taboo-conspiracy-of-natures-true-flat-earth-real-time-40-schemes-from-n.a.s.html https://rumble.com/v2u3emu-flat-earth-21-questions-and-answers-proving-strangers-guide-and-course-flat.html https://rumble.com/v3e0jrw-sorry-antarctica-were-closed-our-hidden-flat-earth-this-area-is-as-big-as-u.html https://rumble.com/v2s6afk-stanley-kubrick-fake-apollo-11-moon-landing-was-a-hoax-by-the-u.s.a.-govern.html https://rumble.com/v3dm5uj-nasa-admits-fake-international-space-station-a-global-world-wide-satellite-.html https://rumble.com/v2pu5k6-flat-earth-vs.-round-earth-8-ways-life-would-get-weird-on-a-flat-earth-cons.html https://rumble.com/v2u2d94-proofs-earth-is-not-a-spinning-ball-what-the-hell-happened-200-times-collec.html https://rumble.com/v3depjq-nasa-admits-apollo-11-moon-landing-is-a-hoax-after-mentions-space-is-not-re.html https://rumble.com/v3tkujr-flat-earth-vs.-round-earth-vs.-black-knight-satellite-vs.-fermi-paradox-the.html https://rumble.com/v3e220t-magnetic-stone-rupes-nigra-huge-magnetic-rock-180km-in-diameter-at-north-po.html https://rumble.com/v3dxnnb-nasa-admits-to-best-fails-and-nasa-fraud-compilation-unrefuted-proof-of-wir.html https://rumble.com/v28uxtu-real-hyperborea-a-lost-land-on-ancient-maps-book-of-enoch-77-1-4-book-inven.html Is The Earth Flat Vs. Round Earth Vs. Fermi Paradox? Here is my honest opinion on what I believe to be the actual shape of the Earth. This is only my opinion and what I believe. https://wiki.tfes.org/Flat_Earth_-_Frequently_Asked_Ques

Proofs Earth Is Not A Spinning Ball When a photo of spherical Earth is pointed out to flat-earthers, they will dismiss it as CGI in the blink of an eye; even if they haven’t done any analysis at all. They do this because their belief in flat-Earth is not evidence-based, and any evidence contrary to their beliefs needs to be invalidated no matter how. They are so used to doing it, and sometimes they become confused by it themselves, to the point that they would take the slightest hint of digital manipulation of any picture of the Earth as evidence of the flat Earth. That is a logical fallacy of argument from ignorance. Flat-Earthers claim the Earth is flat because (according to them) there is no evidence (that they can accept) that says otherwise. There is no need to prove a flat Earth, because (they assume) there is no evidence that the Earth is spherical. Beyond pictures of the Earth, they would do the same to any time-lapse video of the Antarctic midnight sun, southern star-trail pictures, pictures of curved power lines and other photos contrary to their beliefs. Any slightest imperfection is going to be dissected under scrutiny; to the point that if we were to apply these ‘critical reviews’ to any pictures of anything, then it is going to be very easy to ‘prove’ them as fake. Everyone would admit that photos of the Milky Way seen from the ‘top’ are CGI, nobody would tell otherwise. We never actually leave Milky Way, and it is not possible to take a real picture from outside it. To flat-earthers, the fact that these pictures were created from CGI is ‘evidence’ that the Milky Way does not exist. The fact that a photograph of the Earth was made from CGI can only be used to disqualify the photo in question from the very long list of the evidence supporting spherical Earth. But it can never be used to prove that the Earth is flat. The absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. 200 Flat Earth Proofs in under 2 hours! The largest collection of supposed "spinning ball Earth proofs" I can find from NASA is 10, all of which are debunked in the following video. So here is 20x the amount of proofs your government has ever given you that you are Not living on a spinning ball planet. Please sit your friends and family down to watch this most important documentary and help share this on all your social media accounts so we can wake humanity up to this greatest deception and mother of all conspiracies! Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. Maybe the History we've been told is a lie! Were some ancient buildings built by a different race and their true history was covered up? Did ancient peoples have advanced forms of technology that have now been forgotten? Was the massive kingdom of Tartaria visible on ancient maps much more advanced than we realize? This sub is an open forum for collaborative discussion of all topics "Tartaria" related, including Mud Flood, Tesla, AntiquiTech, Free Energy, Conspiracies, Hidden History, etc. I wonder if this video has been posted here before? If yes, then i am not sorry for posting it again, because its just one helluva epic video. If not, I highly recommend watching it if you are interested in perhaps how Tartarian technology worked. Its made by a guy who calls himself Ewaranon. Its put well together with a lot of great evidence, theories and findings of multiple topics. Its a long watch, I agree.....but its divided into several chapters. I recommend watching the first 20 or 30 min and see if it interests/sparks you. It sure got my attention as Ewaranon points out a lot of strange stuff in our world....and the narrative we know from history books. I am still thinking about all the stuff he said and points out to us. As its a lot to deal with and can shake one up. I find it fascinating though. But the tip of the iceberg is that this video also perhaps has the only real video footage of Tartarian technology. At one point he explains how Cathedrals and other old buildings really work, as in that they are energy generators. And after his explanation he shows footage of them and some other buildings in action. Fully electrified and radiating with a lot of light. Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. The Secret Life of Symbols with Jordan Maxwell Knowledge of the Heavens, Life on Earth https://rumble.com/v28wyns-the-secret-life-of-symbols-with-jordan-maxwell-knowledge-of-the-heavens-lif.html Secret Life of Symbols Start with 00:00:00 World of the Occult 00:36:02 Solar Worship 01:09:26 Mazzaroth - Ordinances of Heaven 01:37:29 Creating Man in Our Image 02:11:45 Solomon’s Temple & The Ark 02:53:31 Secret Legacy of Moses 03:25:52 Saturn and Secret Societies 03:55:07 Secrets of the Dollar 04:15:03 Incorporating America 04:42:21 Dawn of a New Day Secret symbols have long been used to convey occult teachings and esoteric knowledge of the heavens, life on Earth and the meaning to our existence. For millennia, these secrets were kept by the elite, for their own benefit. By decoding ancient scriptures and symbols, we gain a new perspective of the clandestine forces which have guided human civilization through the ages. All around us are the secrets we seek to revealing our connection to the universe and unlock the deepest truths of human destiny. In this ground-breaking series, Jordan Maxwell discloses what he has come to understand concerning the mysteries hidden in the secret life of symbols, that you were never intended to know. This knowledge frees us from the ties that have long bound us to a secret agenda controlling the course of human evolution. Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. Secrets in Plain Sight - Volume Secrets Inside of Everyday Objects Top Documentary Films https://rumble.com/v29m63a-secrets-in-plain-sight-volume-secrets-inside-of-everyday-objects-top-docume.html Secrets in Plain Sight is an awe inspiring exploration of great art, architecture, and urban design which skillfully unveils an unlikely intersection of geometry, politics, numerical philosophy, religious mysticism, new physics, music, astronomy, and world history. See how profound ancient knowledge inherited from Egypt has been encoded in units of measurement, in famous works of art, in the design of major buildings, in the layout of city streets and public spaces, and in the precise placement of obelisks and other important monuments upon the Earth. The viewer is led to perceive an elegant harmonic system linking the human body with the architectural, urban, planetary, solar, and galactic scales. Exploring key monuments and their positions in Egypt, Stonehenge, Jerusalem, Rome, Paris, London, Edinburgh, Washington DC, New York, and San Francisco brings to light a secret obsession shared by pharaohs, philosophers and kings; templars and freemasons; great artists and architects; popes and presidents, spanning the whole of recorded history up to the present time. As the series of videos reveals how profound ancient knowledge inherited from Egypt has been encoded in units of measurement, in famous works of art, in the design of major buildings, in the layout of city streets and public spaces, and in the precise placement of obelisks and other important monuments upon the Earth, the viewer is led to perceive an elegant harmonic system linking the human body with the architectural, urban, planetary, solar, and galactic scales. Alien Origin of Chinese People and Astonishing Evidence of Lost Chinese Tartaria Civilization https://rumble.com/v2b3zsi-alien-origin-of-chinese-people-and-astonishing-evidence-of-lost-chinese-tar.html Alien Origin of Chinese People Napoleon said” When all the Chinese people jumps at the same time, the whole world will shake”. I am a Chinese. The more I studied about Chinese civilization, the more I recognized its uniqueness, very different from those Indo-European cultures. I hereby give a very shocking hypothesis about the origin of Chinese people. Chinese people developed from a hybrid of alien giants with early earth people living in Northern China after a 300 year war with another alien species from the Neflilm as mentioned in works by Zecharia Sitchin. According to research by Van Flandern, an explosion of a missing planet between Mars and Jupiter occurred 3 million years ago. This explosion was caused by use of space plasma weapons. More importantly, Dr. Joseph Farrell postulated that there were intelligent human like beings in this planet. They were of much larger size and heavier skeleton to support the higher gravity in the planet. The shape of a plasma ray was like a thunderbolt weapon in some ancient mythologies; Greek God Zeus, Hindu God Indra and Babylonian God Ninurtra all each holds a divine thunderbolt weapon in the hand. However, I cannot find any similar one in Chinese mythology. My first guess is that the alien species which destroyed the planet was the ancestor of those people from the 12th planet in Stichin’s works. During this interplanetary war, the Anunnaki ancestors did not conquer earth. On the other hand, some of the surviving beings from destroyed planet escaped to earth, possibly landed on the regions near Northern China like Mongolia. Most importantly, this explosion triggered the successive phases of ice ages which retarded any evolutionary progress in the earth. These giant species continued to survive in earth but their size became smaller over time to cope or used genetic engineering for adapting to the new living conditions. Any way, they did not interfere with the natural evolutional change in earth. Another speculation was that they freezed their bodies for million year until the end of ice ages. About 450,000 years ago, the descendants of those species destroyed giant aliens came back in the Twelfth Planet that was also described in Genesis of Holy bible. The earth was still in ice age. Giant aliens had inhabited in earth for more than 2.5 million years. Sitchin said that these 12th planet aliens landed in Middle East according to Sumerian Texts. I have reservation and think that the so called Aryans were indeed hybrids created by Nerfilm aliens in the Arctic region. According to some esoteric texts and scientific researches, the Aryans originated in the north pole of earth and later dispersed to India, Persia, North Africa and even Europe. These Aryans were nurtured by super beings, possibly by Twelfth planet aliens. Strangely, these Aryans did not travel eastwards to China and East Asia. Why? Perhaps China mainland had already been guarded by giant aliens so that these Aryans found it difficult to conquer China. The Garden of Eden was only one of the episodes in the landing history. My version totally reconciled with Sitchin’s theory. According to recent research in North China and Siberia Oracle, alien army enslaved Chinese ancient people to build the pyramids. In mural display, a group of beings dressed in leather armor, 12 foot tall, red haired, helped the people to fight those alien invaders. Also, Sitchin said two northern China and Mongolia’s Copi Dessert has encountered serious air pollution and nuclear war. ( Pre historic nuclear war in ancient India is another topic. People interested in this can do more study. ) The invaders came from 12th Planet while the giant aliens were descendants surviving the cosmic war 3 million years ago. I listed three related facts to support alien origin of Chinese People. In 1988, the first DNA sample of in an alien abduction case in Australia were sent for analysis. The result was surprising. The DNA structure resembles Chinese persons with black hair. Secondly, Chinese language is totally different from Indo-European languages like Indian, European, Arab, etc. It is more akin to Mongolian. It further suggests that Chinese people were not related to any bloodline of Aryans. The third evidence was proposed by Chinese UFO researcher Lee Wai Tung. There were 3 very mysterious ancient texts that could not be attributed to any philosophical school like Confucianism or Taoism. They are, Book of Changes (易經), Inner Cannon of Hwangdi(黃帝內經) , and Classic of Mountains and Seas(山海經). Inner Cannon is the oldest source of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The acupuncture point and meridian system mentioned in the test are unique in the world. It was not developed from any later philosophical schools in ancient China. The biological system under traditional Chinese Medicine might be the knowledge inherited from alien species according to Lee Wai Tung. Human intelligence could not have achieved such sophisticated standard about human body in ancient world. Finally, I want to tell readers the mythological origin of Chinese people. Most Chinese believe that the name of their ancestor is Fuxi (伏羲). His mother was a virgin. One day when her mother stepped into a big foot step left by the Thunder God, she was pregnant for twelve years before Fuxi was born. Thunder God might be a giant alien while Fuxi was a hybrid made from genetic manipulation. In conclusion, this hypothesis is both shocking and dangerous. It helps to explain why China has developed a totally different and to a certain extent opposite civilization from Indo-Europeans. Further, is the 12th Planet and the Giant Aliens fighting a proxy war in earth by means of East-West rivalry on earth? Who knows? Hello Everyone from Nanning, China – My Name is WindyLina WestLaw 有風 麗娜 韋斯特勞 I'am from Tartaria and Now in Nanning China born Aug.1960 – 大家好我是來自中國南寧的 WindyLina Inside the ‘Tartarian Empire,’ of a bizarre conspiracy theory argue that everything you know about the history of architecture is wrong. The Chicago World's Fair of 1893 Believers in the “Tartaria” conspiracy theory are convinced that the elaborate temporary fairgrounds built for events like the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco in 1915 were really the ancient capital cities of a fictional empire. Nanning is located in the southern part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 160 km (99 mi) from the border with Vietnam. It has an administrative area of 22,293 km 2 (8,607 sq mi). Nanning is situated in a hilly basin with elevations between 70 and 500 m (230 and 1,640 ft) above sea-level. United States Military and American Genocide A Brutal and Savage Massacre History https://rumble.com/v2bsonc-united-states-military-and-american-genocide-a-brutal-and-savage-massacre-h.html As a teen, I talked to my American great great grandfather as he shared good history and bad horrifying stories of 2 great wars and other small war and old massacre of his family and friends and other with story of genocide etc. Within the past years, I have stood amidst human remains in the killing fields of Cambodia, at a mass grave where hundreds of thousands are buried all over the world, at memorials in Germany and Poland to the millions killed in the Holocaust, and in the streets of new world order where the scars of ethnic cleansing remain. At each of these sites, I asked myself, “What were the conditions that led to these horrific moments in human world history ?” Mass atrocity and genocide targeting particular groups for oppression or extinction requires a set of preconditions that dehumanize people and legitimize their abuse. In every example of genocide, including the systemic massacre of Native Americans and Indigenous peoples and the enslavement of Africans by Africans, by whites and other world governments first carried out a systematic propaganda campaign. The rhetoric that preceded these atrocities spread hatred and bigotry, dividing society into an “us” threatened by the very existence of a “them.” These politics of dehumanization and division were strategies employed in the Holocaust, in the genocides in Armenia, the Balkans, Cambodia, and Rwanda, in the colonization of India and South America, during apartheid in South Africa, and, today, in Darfur, and against the Yezidis as well as other ethnic and religious minorities in Iraq and Syria. These examples illustrate the extent to which power-obsessed leaders will go to gain and hold power. Within the past two years, the new world order campaign/administration has employed these same tactics to seize power in the United States and other area, using dehumanizing rhetoric against Asians, Whites, Muslims, Immigrants, Women, Jews, Mexicans, African-Americans, Latinos/as, the LGBT community, the Pope, the press, the United Nations, intellectuals, educators, environmentalists, political opponents, comedians, and others. new world order and other associates have used the discredited rhetoric of the “Clash of Civilizations” to frighten Americans into believing their lives are threatened by those “others” who look or pray or talk differently than they do. They have manipulated the grief of white-black-brown-yellow Americans disillusioned by their failure to achieve the American dream, whipping up a frenzy of fear and hatred of targeted “others” through propaganda machines masquerading and false news sources. This was also the situation in the world, in the other county, in Cambodia, in Germany and Poland, and in Rwanda before the killing started. I imagine it was also hard for people in those countries to believe that such rhetoric would lead to the horrors that followed. At the Genocide Memorial, my Tartaria friend who had witnessed her husband and children and nearly a million fellow people murdered in the chaos of homicidal rage asked me, “How could a country as great old America can be, where people from all over the world have come to live together, select such a new world order leader? He is saying the same things world leaders said before the genocide began.” I do not know what lies in the hearts of members of the new world order administration. I am sure that there are good and honorable people there. But I do know that the rhetoric and the strategies being employed - especially by the good and bas President in the past- fulfill the criteria necessary to prepare the ground for mass atrocity and even genocide. If we fail to stop it, America may be the next exhibit in the Genocide Memorial in the new world order. It will tell the story of a despotic leader who sowed seeds of fear and hate, inciting extremist groups to violent action against fellow citizens. And how the new government promoted division, silenced voices of dissent, attacked the false press, eroded human rights, and ultimately set the stage for horrible atrocities which future historians will call the Great American Genocide from 1776 to 2023 Now. The National Archives and Records Administration’s primary mission is to provide access to the records in our control. We recognize that these records are of incalculable value to people looking to understand their history, seek out evidence, and document rights. That value, though, also makes them targets for theft. Earlier this year, our staff and the Office of Inspector General discovered that artifacts and documents had been stolen from World War II military records. On June 9, 2017, investigators executed a search warrant at the residence of a researcher and historian, Antonin DeHays. There they found and recovered identification tags and other documents stolen from National Archives at College Park, Maryland. I appreciate the efforts of our Office of Inspector General and the National Archives staff who have been assisting them and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for their efforts in this ongoing investigation. The Acting United States Attorney for the District of Maryland filed a federal criminal complaint against DeHays on June 13, 2017. If convicted of the theft of government records, DeHays faces a maximum sentence of 10 years in prison. DeHays had repeatedly visited the National Archives over an extended period and stole ID tags and documents of U.S. servicemen whose airplanes had crashed during World War II. DeHays sold the stolen tags, often called dog tags, and in one case even traded a tag assigned to a Tuskegee Airman to a museum in exchange for a chance to sit in a Spitfire aircraft. The records DeHays pilfered were created during World War II by the German military. When Allied airmen crashed into Nazi-occupied territory in Europe, the Germans recovered the tags of deceased airmen and confiscated dog tags from airmen who survived the crashes. They then placed those tags into files with downed Allied aircraft reports. Allied forces seized these records at the end of the war, and the U.S. Army transferred them to the National Archives in 1958. That the records stolen were so personal to the deceased servicemen is especially distasteful. Long after their years of service, veterans often hold on to their military ID tags as mementos. I keep one of my own Navy tags with me on my keychain to this day. The theft of our history should anger any citizen, but as a veteran I am shocked at allegations that a historian would show such disregard for records and artifacts documenting those captured or killed in World War II. In 1955, Archivist Wayne C. Grover signed the Archivist's Code to guide National Archives staff in making professional decisions. In it, he states “The Archivist must be watchful in protecting the integrity of records in his custody. He must guard them against defacement, alteration, or theft….” He goes on to say “The Archivist should endeavor to promote access to records to the fullest extent consistent with the public interest, but he should carefully observe any established policies restricting the use of records.” There is a fine balancing act we all must face in this profession between protection and access to the records. As I have stated since I became Archivist of the United States, the security of the holdings of the National Archives is my highest priority. Any theft of our nation’s records is an irreplaceable loss. We safeguard those records in many ways, but it all begins with our shared commitment to security. Although we have heightened security around our holdings in recent years and have implemented a number of measures to deter theft, this latest incident underlines the constant threat posed to our holdings and the importance of our commitment to holdings protection. Orwellian Dystopia Both Side's Are Wrong Answer To Extremism Isn’t More Extremism https://rumble.com/v2bngfk-orwellian-dystopia-both-sides-are-wrong-answer-to-extremism-isnt-more-extre.html America’s left and right are radicalizing each other, and the precedents from overseas are deeply unsettling. It’s all politics. And it still is, for those who really listen close. It’s why we need to flip the script and tell the real story of what happened in 1948 and 1964. I also believe America needs to echo, once again, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s dream and “look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” That’s what made America great…and will make America great again. It’s known as “The Big Switch.” That’s when Southern Democrat politicians converted to Republicanism and refashioned the G.O.P. into a racist political party. Orwell's "1984" has been quoted left and right, for years, but the reality that we currently live in has never resembled the dystopia that the author describes in his best-known novel as much as it does today. We are voluntarily giving up our privacy. We are forced to use it as a currency. That has never been the case before, but today it is. It is almost impossible to function in today's world without giving up your privacy or rather having it invaded by a corporation or a government. The internet has, clearly, played a huge part in this. It may have brought us closer, but it has also brought governments and corporations closer to us, practically invited them into our homes and minds. "Both rely on the existence of a technological system with the capacity to monitor every citizen’s actions and words.” Meanwhile, governments all over the world, including the United States, are installing more mass surveillance, further invading little what's left of their citizen's privacy. We have been conditioned to feel OK about giving up our privacy (after all, don't they want to "protect" us from terrorism?), but governments and corporations use this information in countless ways. For example, Google's and Facebook's sophisticated algorithms are capable of profiling you to such an extent, that serving highly targeted advertisements and propaganda is a fully automated process. You can even test this yourself -- try looking for something specific to buy and see what type of ads Facebook serves you. Is there any way to combat this? Saying "I have nothing to hide" and allowing the government to spy on you is like claiming you have nothing to say and allowing the government to take away your right to freedom of speech. The 30-something author documented how the Democratic Party–known for its historic racism–split in 1948 when Harry S. Truman (D-MO) first “introduced a pro-civil rights platform” into the Democratic Party. Strom Thurmond (D-SC) and a faction of Southern Democrats, consequently, bolted from Democrats to create the “States Rights” (Dixiecrat) party. The author then states these Dixiecrats eventually converted to Republicanism–along with Thurmond–in 1964. Later, Nixon’s “southern strategy” and Reagan’s conservatism moved the Democratic “blue” South to become a firm “red” Republican in the 1970s and 1980s. Today, Democrats routinely finger Republicans as “racists,” pointing to occasional neo-Nazi politicians (David Duke, a one-term Louisiana state legislator), obscure racist organizations (Patriot Front) and Confederate flag-waving MAGA types. In fact, just wearing a MAGA hat is considered “racist” by many individuals on the left. It’s a strong and divisive narrative…but what’s the TRUTH? First of all, the “Dixiecrats,” under Strom Thurmond in 1948), did leave the Democratic Party…but for reasons more than racial. The Truman Administration–following sixteen years of Franklin D. Roosevelt–further desired to federalize and centralize government. The Southern Thurmond “Dixiecrats” believed in traditional “states’ rights” and segregation. The Northern and Western Democratic Party in the 1930s and 1940s was more “progressive” politically. President Roosevelt’s fascination with the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and fascist government programs in Europe guided many of his domestic policies. Consequently, the 1948 Truman-Democratic platform reflected more centralized and socialist government, thus angering and distancing Southern libertarians. That’s what really split the Democratic Party in 1948. In fact, in a platform that boasted 4,256 words only 106 (2.4%) were even devoted to civil rights (for the black or anyone else). Even more surprisingly was how the party of slavery, segregation, Ku Klux Klan and Confederate secession was quick to pat itself on the back in 1948. In their summary on civil rights the Democratic Party actually claimed it alone was “responsible for the great civil rights gains” and committed to “continuing its efforts to eradicate all racial, religious and economic discrimination.” However, such 1940s political posturing is contradicted by a Jim Crow Democratic South that still lynched blacks, refused school, hotel, restaurant, transportation and restroom facilities to “coloreds” and rigged voting procedures to suppress the black ballot. Therefore, it’s hard to believe “great gains” were actually made by Democrats. Harry Truman was allegedly an inactive participant in the Missouri KKK, and biographers often noted his latent racism against blacks, Jews, Chinese and Japanese throughout his life. Meanwhile Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated a KKK member to the Supreme Court (Hugo Black), put Japanese-Americans into detention camps and refused to welcome black Olympians—including the famed Jesse Owens—to the White House. The Dixiecrat exodus was, again, more about progressive, fascist, socialism than segregation and black civil rights. In the end, despite predictions of a Thomas Dewey victory, the Dixiecrat exodus produced little gain. Truman won the ’48 presidency in a landslide electoral college vote while the Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond mustered an inconsequential 2.4% of the popular vote. Secondly, the Dixiecrats did NOT convert to Republicanism in 1964 (after Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act) as many historians and journalists now suggest. In fact, most of these racist libertarians returned to the Democratic Party after 1948 and became a significant voting block against civil rights and desegregation throughout the 1950s and early 1960s. According to one historical analysis, of the 1500+ racist “Dixiecrats” only Strom Thurmond and about a dozen others left the Democratic Party for the GOP (less than 1%). Furthermore, Thurmond didn’t switch parties until 16 years after Truman forced him to create his “Dixiecrat” party. Thirdly, Southern whites (the people, not the politicians) did vote more REPUBLICAN in post-1965 elections, but not for racial reasons. Again, the Democratic Party was moving left, toward socialism, nonreligious/atheism and adopting liberal planks on abortion, women and gay rights. The Bible Belt South in the 1970s and 1980s became less racist as de-segregation and civil rights laws were enforced. Consequently, immigration to southern cities (Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Nashville, Charlotte) by northern and western GOP conservatives rearranged the voting demographic. Southerners are more conservative and that’s why dozens of Democrats switched parties. Did you know notable Republicans Trent Lott, Mike Pence, William Bennett and Rick Perry were all previously Democrat? It’s true. And race was not the reason they switched affiliations…it was due to liberal/socialist policies. Finally, the Republican Party and its leaders have consistently denounced and resisted the “alt right” ultra-conservative racist organizations. It’s why these racists formed their own political party in 2009 (The American Freedom Party). Republicans, historically, have always championed civil rights for the black and all ethnicities. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed thanks to widespread Republican support (who had proposed similar legislation in the Eisenhower administration). All Southern Democrats (including those Dixiecrats) voted against it. Oh, and David Duke? He only identified as Republican when politically expedient. Otherwise, he’s been in the Democrat, Populist or Reformed camp. Maybe instead of looking at the anomaly of Strom Thurmond, we should investigate the political expediency of another Democrat: Robert C. Byrd (D-WV) who spent 62 years in public office. Byrd served for over half a century at the national level, as a Representative and, later, a powerful Senator. Byrd died in office (2010) at the ripe age of 92. Hillary Clinton called Byrd a “friend and mentor.” Barack Obama noted how “the arc of his life bent toward justice.” The press gave him a blessed pass. That’s because Robert Byrd proved a quintessential post-WW2 Democrat. Originally a member and leader of the Ku Klux Klan in West Virginia (an affiliation he later disavowed), Byrd refused to fight in World War 2 because it meant serving alongside blacks. He routinely voted with other segregationists in the 1950s. As a senator, Byrd filibustered and voted against the 1964 Civil Rights Act. He abstained his vote for the 1965 Voting Act. He also voted against the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall, the first black Supreme Court justice. This same Robert Byrd then politically transformed from a known racist to a beloved mentor. How? Simple. He towed the party line…for nearly 57 years! It’s possible to argue Byrd didn’t lose his racism but rather, like most good politicians, shelved it. He enjoyed his power and position. It wasn’t the first time Byrd did what was necessary. In fact, the whole reason Byrd initially joined the KKK was for “political power.” To his credit, he did leave the organization, but still it showed Byrd to be a political opportunist. Once in national office, at least until 1967 (when being a segregationist went out of fashion), he retained his racist roots. Byrd told a reporter: “Don’t get that albatross [the KKK] around your neck. Once you’ve made that mistake, you inhibit your operations in the political arena.” There is a website that I frequent because it puts up a lot of interesting information in fun graphs, infographics and pictures. Information is Beautiful posts a wide range of topics from China’s censorship to illegal drugs. The following image is from their “Left vs Right (World)” post, outlining the basic gist of the left-wing and right-wing political ideologies. There is only so much that you can include in a diagram trying to distinguish the political left from right. This is a generic point to start understanding the main differences between the two sides but we need to keep in mind that there are many degrees of variation on political views (even within the same one). This diagram makes the right-wing way of thinking to be completely cold, calculated and rational, while the left-wing ideas promote more positive views on humanity. While it is true that the right-wing tends to support war, morals and discipline, it should be understood that left-wing can have corruption, discipline and rules. And what about the people that do not fall strictly into one wing or another? When I was younger and just beginning to learn about political terms and ideas, I was massively confused. What the media taught me was that (I watched a lot of US politics on TV) you are either left or right. There I stood, utterly confused at how I could possibly believe in personal and economic freedom supported by a minimal government role in each aspect. For example, on this graph, I agree with the leftist thought of being progressive and supporting personal freedom. However, I also believe in the right wing ideals of non-interference in society, low taxes, and economic freedom. Yet, I do not believe in organized religion and I fully support gay and abortion rights. What this diagram shows is that many of us are still stuck in a dichotomous way of thinking, when there are eons of possibilities for a political perspective. Left and right are the most basic division in politics but that should not encourage or pressure people to conform to simply one side or another. I love Information and is infographics hold a special place in my heart for their ability to effectively convey information in appealing and efficient ways. In response to the point you make, I agree that we seem to have been protected from the possible existence of ambivalence in political views as if it were some sort of secret. It feels a little strange to say that it is for the public’s best interest, but that’s sort of what I’m arguing. The left – right divide may not so much serve as dichotomous camps that we must choose between, rather they serve as a simplified roadmap to guide the less politically aware public. What will determine where you place yourself will depend on how much weight you give to specific topics. It’s generally accepted that the citizenship will not know about where they stand on each individual issue, so by using this shortcut they can hopefully make an educated guess that will eventually serve them well. GREATEST STORY - Part 1 - Our Journey Begins – 0 Mins 16 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ The secret is out, thanks to people like Michelle Gibson and Jon Levi. The more you delve into history and understand the required technology to build the infrastructure and buildings of the past, the more you realize we are missing part of the story - The Greatest Story. Just who did all this work and what happened to them? Who now controls us and makes us pay for energy that once was free? This series includes various composition styles and historical subjects, together with music gear explanations used. GREATEST STORY - Part 2 – Ruthless – 3 Mins 50 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ There are so many anomolies during the 1800s and early 1900s, whereas this video selects only a few and how ruthless the 'controllers' are in hiding our true history. FYI... when you see that giant ferris wheel, keep in mind that the axle alone weighed over 90,000 pounds and was so thick of steell that they could not cut it up and destroy it... it was buried under a golf course. GREATEST STORY - Part 3 -Strange Days – 0 Mins 27 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Has there ever been a stranger time than the 1800s (early 1900s), with massive buildings of similar styles found world-wide, photographs of odd people, customs and animals? GREATEST STORY - Part 3A -Strange Days – 5 Mins 41 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Has there ever been a stranger time than the 1800s (early 1900s), with massive buildings of similar styles found world-wide, photographs of odd people, customs and animals? GREATEST STORY - Part 4 - Paradise Lost – 2 Mins 41 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ In two years, this is what was built with horse, oxen, shovels and wheelbarrows... LOL. It would take that long just to create the canal system and get all the land landscaped, not to mention pouring the foundations and footings, etc., etc. And all that just to tear it down after a few months of viewing. Even the 'build' photos are suspect. Let me know when it makes sense. Welcome to the Chicago's World Fair 1893. GREATEST STORY - Part 5 - Boer War – 3 Mins 00 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ With photography and film around at the time of the Boer War, why do we not have any official footage or pictures of battles; rather, we get reinactments. And how curious that wonderous architecture was around in Africa prior to this war even taking place. GREATEST STORY - Part 6 - The Way It Should Be – 2 Mins 55 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ At one time the world was beautiful, and the architecture so uniform from one country to the next, that it had to have been created by the same people, living harmoniously. Today, architecture is mostly bland, box-like and consistnig of materials that won't last (a lot of steel framing and glass). We couldn't replicate the building of the past even if we wanted to. GREATEST STORY - Part 7 - Guatemalan Facade – 2 Mins 51 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ No matter where you go in the world, there are buildings that have the same characteristics and from the same timeline. Guatemala is no exception. It may be Central America, but it the architecture is no different than Europe, Australia, South America or the United States. Something very 'common' happened world-wide and during a particular time. GREATEST STORY - Part 8 - Most Beautiful – 2 Mins 10 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ There literally are hundreds of amazing architectural wonders, whereas this is a very small sample. The sheer beauty and unobtainable structures tells us the people of the past were not simple, and any claims that some of these were built in the mid 1800s to early 1900s is hogwash and a deception of our timeline and who we were (and what we were cable of, with horse, wagon, shovel and hammer). GREATEST STORY - Part 9 - Time Shifters – 8 Mins 59 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Something happened during our timeline. This video broaches some of the events and individuals that may have played a role. GREATEST STORY - Part 10 - The Inheritors – 3 Mins 13 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Something very odd appears within the mid to late 1800s - a people unskilled to create the world as we knew it (and see it in photographs). They not only look out of place, relative to the majesty and beauty, but 'floods' of people in certain situations occurred, but immigration to baby incubators at trade shows. GREATEST STORY - Part 11 – Homecoming – 3 Mins 25 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ I grew up in a small city in Northern Ontario, but when it was nothing more than a town, there was (and still is) some very interesting and overbuilt structures for such a small population. Research your own town/city and ask: "are these structures appropriate for the times and people, and could they have built those structure with the people and resources of the time?" GREATEST STORY - Part 12 - Cabinet of Curiosities – 5 Mins 46 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ A few very interesting artifacts, photos and more that suggest our timeline is not what we have been told. GREATEST STORY - Part 13 - Free Energy – 5 Mins 10 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Technology to harness energy has existed far longer and before Nicola Tesla (who like reversed engineered what already was around). GREATEST STORY - Part 14 - Mud Flood – 2 Mins 46 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Nearly every modern civilization is built upon another. And some past civilization are built upon others still. A fascinating mystery that suggests many parts of the world are older than we realize, or that there has been multiple resets and destruction. GREATEST STORY - Part 15 - Bullshit Train – 1 Mins 46 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Do you really think that most railroad tracks and the entire infrastructure was built in only 20-30 years across North America? Or were much of the structure excavated from a previous people? GREATEST STORY - Part 16 - Question His Story – 3 Mins 29 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ There are far too many anomalies in world history; this video takes a glimpse at Mount Rushmore and the USA road/highway system. I could be wrong on these aspects, but... GREATEST STORY - Part 17 – Havoc – 2 Mins 54 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Ancient tech abound. How many things can you spot that most likely was carved or made of wood that petrified? GREATEST STORY - Part 18 – Yesteryear – 2 Mins 45 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ The glorious structures of India in early photos appears to be a blend of Tartarian, Moorish and Turkish, creating some of the most mysterious and detailed buildings (and those highly carved walls likely were wood that later petrified or was put through a 'rock' or hardening process). Please consider supporting this channel with any amount you wish, and thank you. GREATEST STORY - Part 19 - Galveston... Oh... Galveston – 2 Mins 30 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Glen Campbell was fond of Gavelston, and this place certainly had a lot going for it, more than any other city in the USA during its time. A sliver of an island, yet strategically built and considered by the people at the time. Thanks to Jarid Boosters' channel for compiling the time-line info and many photos. GREATEST STORY - Part 20 - Tech Lords – 3 Mins 20 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Here is far too much information that will blow your mind, and so... I selected only a few examples of past history tech I find impressive. More such videos to come. GREATEST STORY - Part 21 - Can't Judge a Book by Its Cover – 3 Mins 35 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ There is far too much information that will blow your mind, and so... I selected only a few examples of past history tech I find impressive. More such videos to come. GREATEST STORY - Part 22 - In the Swamp – 2 Mins 50 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Let's take a look at Louisiana, known for the Bayou, jazz, Mardi Gras, spicy foods... and perhaps... a bit more that seems to conflict with what the historical narrative suggests. GREATEST STORY - Part 23- Civil Warp – 3 Mins 12 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Music by Me and based on historical fiction ?. Certainly people died and there may have been actual battles. But the reason for this war (initiated by the Roths) may have been more elaborate and for reasons of destruction. A touch of humor at the end. GREATEST STORY - Part 24 - Impossible Dream – 3 Mins 45 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Dream the impossible dream - all 'built' not long ago, between 1885-1900. Yes, I've had professionals in the areas of architecture and stone masonry, and they agree that they have no idea how to rebuild any of this. No blueprints exist. Who built them? Let's take a trip around the world and look at some fabulous structures! Of course, this is all a work of fiction . GREATEST STORY - Part 25 - Mind Fudge (Pt. 1) – 7 Mins 28 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ GREATEST STORY - Part 26 - Mind Fudge (Part 2) – 5 Mins 54 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ GREATEST STORY - Part 27 - Head in the Clouds – 2 Mins 43 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Something is happening with our world and atmosphere, whether from microwave pollution, 'kem' trails, pollution or another warning of a future reset. GREATEST STORY - Part 28 - Where Did All the People Go q – 11 Mins 05 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ It may be eerie to see few people around walking or with horse and cart, but nothing compared to cities that are nearly vacant or totally vacant, but why? Where are all the people if these major cities and locations have been populated for hundreds or thousands of years (according to the narrative)? What happened prior to these photos, all taken around the mid 1800s? GREATEST STORY - Part 29 - Everywhere a Castle – 3 Mins 56 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ If anything, the world is consistent; no one in any country has a clue how to rebuild the castles found in their own countries. GREATEST STORY - Part 30 - Ready... Reset... Go – 8 Mins 48 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ A hypothetical look at when and how the Resets may have come about. GREATEST STORY - Part 31 - Feast for the Eyes – 13 Mins 08 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ GREATEST STORY - Part 32 - Rewriting History – 0 Mins 51 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ GREATEST STORY - Part 32A - Rewriting History – 17 Mins 58 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ GREATEST STORY - Part 33 – Fasces – 2 Mins 18 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ GREATEST STORY - Part 34 - Post-Reset Postcards – 0 Mins 44 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ A look into the past with various vintage postcards showing old-world architecture, but also art heavily influenced by the Phoenicians. GREATEST STORY - Part 35 - Rise Up – 0 Mins 34 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Everything is connected, from the destruction of history to controlling the narrative with the current world-wide situation. Wake up and rise up! GREATEST STORY - Part 35A - Rise Up – 3 Mins 27 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ Everything is connected, from the destruction of history to controlling the narrative with the current world-wide situation. Wake up and rise up! GREATEST STORY - Part 36 - Let There Be Light – 6 Mins 23 Sec. https://www.bitchute.com/ The timeline seems off... we were told electricity was invented around 1891, by Tesla. However, there were world fairs, opera houses and estates of the elite that had power well before that. It seems the controllers and elite had access to past technology that they kept from the rest of us slobs. Real Timeline Of Deception Part 0 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Exploring Tartaria - Old World Secrets Revealed https://rumble.com/v2u8ef4-real-timeline-of-deception-part-0-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 1 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Timeline Deception - Part I - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ua8sa-real-timeline-of-deception-part-1-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 2 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Timeline Deception - Part II - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ubf4w-real-timeline-of-deception-part-2-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 3 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The King of Tartaria - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ueih6-real-timeline-of-deception-part-3-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 4 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Saints - Relics, Reliquaries, & The First Resurrection https://rumble.com/v2ugl92-real-timeline-of-deception-part-4-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 5 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Saints - The Ruling Class - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2uij7w-real-timeline-of-deception-part-5-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 6 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years From Atheism, Agnosticism, New Age, Protestantism, to Roman Catholicism https://rumble.com/v2ujvr6-real-timeline-of-deception-part-6-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 7 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Millennial Kingdom of God - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2uldss-real-timeline-of-deception-part-7-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 8 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Magic of the White City 1893 Chicago World's Fair https://rumble.com/v2un20g-real-timeline-of-deception-part-8-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 9 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years 1000 Years Added To Our History & Dark Ages Never Existed https://rumble.com/v2uo07i-real-timeline-of-deception-part-9-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 10 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Church History - Complete Documentary AD 33 to Present https://rumble.com/v2uprfu-real-timeline-of-deception-part-10-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 11 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Christmas Unveiled - Pied Piper - Templars Secret - Saturn's Workshop - Giants Stealing Children https://rumble.com/v2urmd0-real-timeline-of-deception-part-11-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 12 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Ancient Cloning Factories - Foundlings - Incubators - Test-Tube Babies https://rumble.com/v2uu8ck-real-timeline-of-deception-part-12-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 13 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Homunculus Unveiled - Jesus - Artificial Generation - Liber Vaccae - Lost Esoteric Secrets https://rumble.com/v2uwmvc-real-timeline-of-deception-part-13-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Archaix Chronology Anunnaki Sumerian Gods Crystalinks Timelines 2040B.C. 2046A.D. https://rumble.com/v2v0zks-archaix-chronology-anunnaki-sumerian-gods-crystalinks-timelines-2040b.c.-20.html Archaix 2.0 Doomsday Chronology Five color charts with extensive Legend-chronology; exhibits 62 dates involving 300 events in linear timeline combining the Phoenix and Nemesis X Object appearances, the Mayan Long-Count baktuns and the Anunnaki NER 600 year periods, a history spanning over 74 centuries to May 2040 and November 2046. https://rumble.com/v2b2zqq-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-14-all-13-parts-together-woeh.html The Lost History of Earth (Ewaranon) W0W - A Must See Video Lost Earth Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. https://rumble.com/v28b4q6-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-8-history-of-a-lost-earth-all-7-parts-together-l.html The Secret Life of Symbols with Jordan Maxwell Knowledge of the Heavens, Life on Earth https://rumble.com/v28wyns-the-secret-life-of-symbols-with-jordan-maxwell-knowledge-of-the-heavens-lif.html Ancient Religions From Alpha To Stone Age To Omega To Modern Times To Infinity https://rumble.com/v2wigv2-ancient-religions-from-alpha-to-stone-age-to-omega-to-modern-times-to-infin.html This 11.5 Hrs. Full Documentary With Sound Is About Ancient Religions From Alpha To Stone Age To Omega To Modern Times To Infinity. Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. Proofs Earth Is Not A Spinning Ball What The Hell Happened 200 Times Collection https://rumble.com/v2u2d94-proofs-earth-is-not-a-spinning-ball-what-the-hell-happened-200-times-collec.html Proofs Earth Is Not A Spinning Ball When a photo of spherical Earth is pointed out to flat-earthers, they will dismiss it as CGI in the blink of an eye; even if they haven’t done any analysis at all. They do this because their belief in flat-Earth is not evidence-based, and any evidence contrary to their beliefs needs to be invalidated no matter how. They are so used to doing it, and sometimes they become confused by it themselves, to the point that they would take the slightest hint of digital manipulation of any picture of the Earth as evidence of the flat Earth. Welcome To Our Channel 2.4 Million+ Views In 2023 & 596 Video's So Far This Year Alone - Thanks To Everyone Who Like Us... Good Or Bad You Are All Welcome To Share Any Video's We Post To Your Friends And Other's... Thanks ! What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared in this channel is for non-hate and non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. Note: We Do Not Post Any False Video's Or Un-True Content On This Channel & All Origins Video's And All Scientific Conspiracy Theory All Content And All Text Our True Statement From The Video's Owner's Who Posted There Video's To This Free Speech Channel By Us In The First Place To Be True ! Welcome To The New World Order - The Year Zero - The Real Origin of the World - National Anthem of the United States of America and Confederate States of America National Anthem and New World Order National Anthem Is "The Ostrich" Lyrics by Steppenwolf from the album 'Rest In Peace' 1967-1972 A.C.E. The Conspiracy to Rule Your Mind chronicles how the ruling elite have established global domination and the ability to effect the thoughts, decisions, and world view of human beings across the globe by systematically infiltrating the media, academia, industry, military and political factions under the guise of upholding democracy. Learn how this malevolent consortium has dedicated centuries to realize an oppressive and totalitarian rule through any means necessary, not limited to drug trafficking, money laundering, terror attacks and financial crisis within the world economy. Worldwide tyranny is already in full effect, the food we eat and the air we breathe are not off limits. Will we be able to stop this madness before we become an electronically monitored, cashless society wherein ever man, woman and child is micro chipped? We live in the world where sex is free and love costs, where losing a phone is scarier than losing morale, where it is fashionable to get drunk and using drugs, because if you don’t do that, you’re old and out, where men cheat on their wives with girls and if they don’t, it’s for fear of being caught, where girls are more afraid of being pregnant than getting AIDS, where pizza delivery is faster than an ambulance, where clothes decide a person’s value and money is more important than friends and family... This is not my world. Where has my true world gone? The New World Order Is Upon Us - Preserve Your Liberty By Being Prepared ! - We The People of the New World Order Thank You. The Left/Right paradigm isn't only exposed by race and immigration issues. The Left and Right are in lockstep on every issue that really matters: The IRS. Income tax. Federal Reserve system. Endless wars. Endless expansion of tyranny and ever contracting liberty. Chronically wide-open borders. Suicidal immigration policies. Don't you see? The democrats and republicans exist only to provide the illusion of choice. A strong "us versus them" simulation in every election. It's ritualized tribalism. But the joke is, it doesn't matter which team wins, because both sides have the same agenda. God, guns and gays are phony "issues" to bolster the illusion of "difference" between the parties. The only thing that makes all this possible is that people aren't aware of the scam. Just knowing they are either "Team Red" or "Team Blue" liberates them from the responsibility of having to actually know or think anything. Then they feel righteous when their team wins, or despondent when they loose. It's no coincidence that the system works exactly like sports. There comes a point when ignorance and apathy become treason. We are past that point, people. Everything you want to know what could be more terrifying than being trafficked for sex? Being murdered in a ritual sacrifice. And even worse than that would be being murdered in a ritual sacrifice so wealthy elite cabalists can harvest your adrenal glands to get the compound Adrenochrome they need to prolong their decrepit lives! It's so easy to be overwhelmed and feel beaten by the amount of negative and discouraging information being spread by the mainstream (fake stream) media. There are truly awful people in WEF and WHO, who want to reduce us to the level of serfs or chattel, but we can resist, indeed, we must resist. Be calm, be objective and be positive. Right is Might. “The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men should do nothing.” Nobody Is Safe From People's Republic Of The Tyrannical We The Sheeple People of The United States of America and A Real True Bill of State Rights Of Government July Forth 1776 The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, which limit the power of the federal government and guarantee certain freedoms and rights to all colour of people and for the citizens of All America. Thanks For Calling and Remember the U.S. Government Leave No Witnesses Alive Behind Them. If You See Fraudulent or Criminal Activities by U.S. Government. Please Call Us (ASAP) So We Can Send Someone Out To Kill You! Thanks Again For Calling. The Presidential Hotline Pedophile and Secret Human Trafficking and Child Sex Ring Etc. Call 1-866-4-5455-968 ( 1-866-I-Kill-You ) should be used when all your attempts to get assistance from a government department, province, municipality or state agency have failed. It is not only a complaints line. You can call to share your views or provide solutions to the challenges in your community. We also list the help line numbers of non-governmental organization's working with government. You may call at 987-654-3210 ext. new world order! In 1984 Tried To Warn Us We The People About Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street building has been renamed, every date has been altered. And the process is continuing day by day and minute by minute. History has stopped. If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face forever. Thank You To Everyone From Us.

200 Flat Earth Proofs in under 2 hours! The largest collection of supposed "spinning ball Earth proofs" I can find from NASA is 10, all of which are debunked in the following video. So here is 20x the amount of proofs your government has ever given you that you are NOT living on a spinning ball planet. Please sit your friends and family down to watch this most important documentary and help share this on all your social media accounts so we can wake humanity up to this greatest deception and mother of all conspiracies! A Must See Video What On Earth Happened Parts (14) All 13 Parts Together Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. 0:00 - Part One: "Turning Inwards" 7:19 - Part Two: "Of Maps and Magicians" 34:40 - Part Three: "Flattening the Curve" 57:16 - Part Four: "Vanishing Points & the Old Clock" 1:21:34 - Part Five: "The Red Shield" 1:47:28 - Part Six: "Infiltration Instead of Invasion" 2:11:36 - Part Seven: "Eyes Wide Open" 3:01:55 - Part Eight: "The Looking Glass" 3:59:06 - Part Nine: "Panic" 4:37:30 - Part Ten: "The Energetic Earth" 5:24:53 - Part Eleven: "The Bumblebee & the Hexagon" 6:07:37 - Part Twelve: "Stranger than Fiction" 7:04:43 - Part Thirteen: "Down the Rabbit Hole" A Must See Video Everyone - All 13 Parts - What On Earth Happened ? (1) Turning Inwards (2) Of Maps and Magicians (3) Flattening the Curve (4) Vanishing Points and The Old Clock (5) The Red Shield (6) Infiltration Instead of Invasion (7) Eyes Wide Open (8) The Looking Glass (9) Panic ! (10) The Energetic Earth (11) The Bumblebee and The Hexagon (12) Stranger Than Fiction (13) Down The Rabbit Hole (14) All 13 Parts Together - Nice Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. A Must See Video Everyone - All 14 Parts - What On Earth Happened ? – Links Below ! https://rumble.com/v27xg2j-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-1turning-inwards.html https://rumble.com/v27xjm4-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-2ofmapsandmagicians.html https://rumble.com/v27xnav-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-3flattening-thecurve.html https://rumble.com/v27xqt0-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-4vanishing-pointsand-the-oldc.html https://rumble.com/v27xv72-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-5thered-shield.html https://rumble.com/v27y144-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-6infiltrationinstead-ofinvasi.html https://rumble.com/v27y5mw-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-7eyes-wide-open.html https://rumble.com/v27y9ri-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-8thelooking-glass.html https://rumble.com/v27yfhm-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-9panic-a-must-see-video.html https://rumble.com/v27yjdm-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-10theenergetic-earth.html https://rumble.com/v27ymp1-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-11the-bumblebee-and-thehexago.html https://rumble.com/v27yswn-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-12stranger-than-fiction.html https://rumble.com/v27ziz7-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-13down-therabbit-hole.html https://rumble.com/v2b2zqq-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-14-all-13-parts-together-woeh.html Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. 00:00:00 - Episode 1: Questioning His-story 00:13:25 - Episode 2: A Lens Into The Past 00:38:28 - Episode 3: Inheritors Of Mud & Magnificence 01:19:19 - Episode 4: Back To The Future 02:15:38 - Episode 5: The Whispering Of The Water 03:27:28 - Episode 6: Offerus And The Alchemist 04:31:57 - Episode 7: The Known World The Lost History of Earth (Ewaranon) W0W - A Must See Video Lost Earth Episode 1: Questioning His-story Episode 2: A Lens Into The Past Episode 3: Inheritors Of Mud & Magnificence Episode 4: Back To The Future Episode 5: The Whispering Of The Water Episode 6: Offer us And The Alchemist Episode 7: The Known World Episode 8: All 7 Parts History Of A Lost Earth Maybe the History we've been told is a lie! Were some ancient buildings built by a different race and their true history was covered up? Did ancient peoples have advanced forms of technology that have now been forgotten? Was the massive kingdom of Tartaria visible on ancient maps much more advanced than we realize? This sub is an open forum for collaborative discussion of all topics "Tartaria" related, including Mud Flood, Tesla, AntiquiTech, Free Energy, Conspiracies, Hidden History, etc. I wonder if this video has been posted here before? If yes, then i am not sorry for posting it again, because its just one helluva epic video. If not, I highly recommend watching it if you are interested in perhaps how Tartarian technology worked. Its made by a guy who calls himself Ewaranon. Its put well together with a lot of great evidence, theories and findings of multiple topics. Its a long watch, I agree.....but its divided into several chapters. I recommend watching the first 20 or 30 min and see if it interests/sparks you. It sure got my attention as Ewaranon points out a lot of strange stuff in our world....and the narrative we know from history books. I am still thinking about all the stuff he said and points out to us. As its a lot to deal with and can shake one up. I find it fascinating though. But the tip of the iceberg is that this video also perhaps has the only real video footage of Tartarian technology. At one point he explains how Cathedrals and other old buildings really work, as in that they are energy generators. And after his explanation he shows footage of them and some other buildings in action. Fully electrified and radiating with a lot of light. The Lost History of Earth (Ewaranon) W0W - A Must See Video Lost Earth – Links Below ! https://rumble.com/v28afys-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-1-buried-in-plain-sight-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28ahvo-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-2-lens-into-the-past-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28alqa-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-3-inheritors-of-mud-and-magnificense-lost-histor.html https://rumble.com/v28aobw-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-4-back-to-the-future-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28arc8-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-5-whispering-of-the-water-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28av42-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-6-offer-us-and-the-alchemist-lost-history-of-ear.html https://rumble.com/v28axuo-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-7-the-known-world-lost-history-of-earth-w0w.html https://rumble.com/v28b4q6-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-8-history-of-a-lost-earth-all-7-parts-together-l.html Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. The Secret Life of Symbols with Jordan Maxwell Knowledge of the Heavens, Life on Earth https://rumble.com/v28wyns-the-secret-life-of-symbols-with-jordan-maxwell-knowledge-of-the-heavens-lif.html Secret Life of Symbols Start with 00:00:00 World of the Occult 00:36:02 Solar Worship 01:09:26 Mazzaroth - Ordinances of Heaven 01:37:29 Creating Man in Our Image 02:11:45 Solomon’s Temple & The Ark 02:53:31 Secret Legacy of Moses 03:25:52 Saturn and Secret Societies 03:55:07 Secrets of the Dollar 04:15:03 Incorporating America 04:42:21 Dawn of a New Day Secret symbols have long been used to convey occult teachings and esoteric knowledge of the heavens, life on Earth and the meaning to our existence. For millennia, these secrets were kept by the elite, for their own benefit. By decoding ancient scriptures and symbols, we gain a new perspective of the clandestine forces which have guided human civilization through the ages. All around us are the secrets we seek to revealing our connection to the universe and unlock the deepest truths of human destiny. In this ground-breaking series, Jordan Maxwell discloses what he has come to understand concerning the mysteries hidden in the secret life of symbols, that you were never intended to know. This knowledge frees us from the ties that have long bound us to a secret agenda controlling the course of human evolution. Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. Secrets in Plain Sight - Volume Secrets Inside of Everyday Objects Top Documentary Films https://rumble.com/v29m63a-secrets-in-plain-sight-volume-secrets-inside-of-everyday-objects-top-docume.html Secrets in Plain Sight is an awe inspiring exploration of great art, architecture, and urban design which skillfully unveils an unlikely intersection of geometry, politics, numerical philosophy, religious mysticism, new physics, music, astronomy, and world history. See how profound ancient knowledge inherited from Egypt has been encoded in units of measurement, in famous works of art, in the design of major buildings, in the layout of city streets and public spaces, and in the precise placement of obelisks and other important monuments upon the Earth. The viewer is led to perceive an elegant harmonic system linking the human body with the architectural, urban, planetary, solar, and galactic scales. Exploring key monuments and their positions in Egypt, Stonehenge, Jerusalem, Rome, Paris, London, Edinburgh, Washington DC, New York, and San Francisco brings to light a secret obsession shared by pharaohs, philosophers and kings; templars and freemasons; great artists and architects; popes and presidents, spanning the whole of recorded history up to the present time. As the series of videos reveals how profound ancient knowledge inherited from Egypt has been encoded in units of measurement, in famous works of art, in the design of major buildings, in the layout of city streets and public spaces, and in the precise placement of obelisks and other important monuments upon the Earth, the viewer is led to perceive an elegant harmonic system linking the human body with the architectural, urban, planetary, solar, and galactic scales. Alien Origin of Chinese People and Astonishing Evidence of Lost Chinese Tartaria Civilization https://rumble.com/v2b3zsi-alien-origin-of-chinese-people-and-astonishing-evidence-of-lost-chinese-tar.html Alien Origin of Chinese People Napoleon said” When all the Chinese people jumps at the same time, the whole world will shake”. I am a Chinese. The more I studied about Chinese civilization, the more I recognized its uniqueness, very different from those Indo-European cultures. I hereby give a very shocking hypothesis about the origin of Chinese people. Chinese people developed from a hybrid of alien giants with early earth people living in Northern China after a 300 year war with another alien species from the Neflilm as mentioned in works by Zecharia Sitchin. According to research by Van Flandern, an explosion of a missing planet between Mars and Jupiter occurred 3 million years ago. This explosion was caused by use of space plasma weapons. More importantly, Dr. Joseph Farrell postulated that there were intelligent human like beings in this planet. They were of much larger size and heavier skeleton to support the higher gravity in the planet. The shape of a plasma ray was like a thunderbolt weapon in some ancient mythologies; Greek God Zeus, Hindu God Indra and Babylonian God Ninurtra all each holds a divine thunderbolt weapon in the hand. However, I cannot find any similar one in Chinese mythology. My first guess is that the alien species which destroyed the planet was the ancestor of those people from the 12th planet in Stichin’s works. During this interplanetary war, the Anunnaki ancestors did not conquer earth. On the other hand, some of the surviving beings from destroyed planet escaped to earth, possibly landed on the regions near Northern China like Mongolia. Most importantly, this explosion triggered the successive phases of ice ages which retarded any evolutionary progress in the earth. These giant species continued to survive in earth but their size became smaller over time to cope or used genetic engineering for adapting to the new living conditions. Any way, they did not interfere with the natural evolutional change in earth. Another speculation was that they freezed their bodies for million year until the end of ice ages. About 450,000 years ago, the descendants of those species destroyed giant aliens came back in the Twelfth Planet that was also described in Genesis of Holy bible. The earth was still in ice age. Giant aliens had inhabited in earth for more than 2.5 million years. Sitchin said that these 12th planet aliens landed in Middle East according to Sumerian Texts. I have reservation and think that the so called Aryans were indeed hybrids created by Nerfilm aliens in the Arctic region. According to some esoteric texts and scientific researches, the Aryans originated in the north pole of earth and later dispersed to India, Persia, North Africa and even Europe. These Aryans were nurtured by super beings, possibly by Twelfth planet aliens. Strangely, these Aryans did not travel eastwards to China and East Asia. Why? Perhaps China mainland had already been guarded by giant aliens so that these Aryans found it difficult to conquer China. The Garden of Eden was only one of the episodes in the landing history. My version totally reconciled with Sitchin’s theory. According to recent research in North China and Siberia Oracle, alien army enslaved Chinese ancient people to build the pyramids. In mural display, a group of beings dressed in leather armor, 12 foot tall, red haired, helped the people to fight those alien invaders. Also, Sitchin said two northern China and Mongolia’s Copi Dessert has encountered serious air pollution and nuclear war. ( Pre historic nuclear war in ancient India is another topic. People interested in this can do more study. ) The invaders came from 12th Planet while the giant aliens were descendants surviving the cosmic war 3 million years ago. I listed three related facts to support alien origin of Chinese People. In 1988, the first DNA sample of in an alien abduction case in Australia were sent for analysis. The result was surprising. The DNA structure resembles Chinese persons with black hair. Secondly, Chinese language is totally different from Indo-European languages like Indian, European, Arab, etc. It is more akin to Mongolian. It further suggests that Chinese people were not related to any bloodline of Aryans. The third evidence was proposed by Chinese UFO researcher Lee Wai Tung. There were 3 very mysterious ancient texts that could not be attributed to any philosophical school like Confucianism or Taoism. They are, Book of Changes (易經), Inner Cannon of Hwangdi(黃帝內經) , and Classic of Mountains and Seas(山海經). Inner Cannon is the oldest source of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The acupuncture point and meridian system mentioned in the test are unique in the world. It was not developed from any later philosophical schools in ancient China. The biological system under traditional Chinese Medicine might be the knowledge inherited from alien species according to Lee Wai Tung. Human intelligence could not have achieved such sophisticated standard about human body in ancient world. Finally, I want to tell readers the mythological origin of Chinese people. Most Chinese believe that the name of their ancestor is Fuxi (伏羲). His mother was a virgin. One day when her mother stepped into a big foot step left by the Thunder God, she was pregnant for twelve years before Fuxi was born. Thunder God might be a giant alien while Fuxi was a hybrid made from genetic manipulation. In conclusion, this hypothesis is both shocking and dangerous. It helps to explain why China has developed a totally different and to a certain extent opposite civilization from Indo-Europeans. Further, is the 12th Planet and the Giant Aliens fighting a proxy war in earth by means of East-West rivalry on earth? Who knows? Hello Everyone My Rumble Channel Name is TheRealOriginoftheWorld and or Rumble Acct. I HAVE UP NOW 360+ VIDEO A MUST SEE VIDEO at WHAT IF EVERYTHING YOU WERE TAUGHT WAS A LIE? and My User Name is NewWorldOrderYear0 or WelcomeToNewWorldOrderYear0 or NewWorldOrderYearZero Hello Everyone from Nanning, China – My Name is WindyLina WestLaw 有風 麗娜 韋斯特勞 I'am from Tartaria and Now in Nanning China born Aug.1960 – 大家好我是來自中國南寧的 WindyLina Inside the ‘Tartarian Empire,’ of a bizarre conspiracy theory argue that everything you know about the history of architecture is wrong. The Chicago World's Fair of 1893 Believers in the “Tartaria” conspiracy theory are convinced that the elaborate temporary fairgrounds built for events like the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco in 1915 were really the ancient capital cities of a fictional empire. Nanning is located in the southern part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 160 km (99 mi) from the border with Vietnam. It has an administrative area of 22,293 km 2 (8,607 sq mi). Nanning is situated in a hilly basin with elevations between 70 and 500 m (230 and 1,640 ft) above sea-level. United States Military and American Genocide A Brutal and Savage Massacre History https://rumble.com/v2bsonc-united-states-military-and-american-genocide-a-brutal-and-savage-massacre-h.html As a teen, I talked to my American great great grandfather as he shared good history and bad horrifying stories of 2 great wars and other small war and old massacre of his family and friends and other with story of genocide etc. Within the past years, I have stood amidst human remains in the killing fields of Cambodia, at a mass grave where hundreds of thousands are buried all over the world, at memorials in Germany and Poland to the millions killed in the Holocaust, and in the streets of new world order where the scars of ethnic cleansing remain. At each of these sites, I asked myself, “What were the conditions that led to these horrific moments in human world history ?” Mass atrocity and genocide targeting particular groups for oppression or extinction requires a set of preconditions that dehumanize people and legitimize their abuse. In every example of genocide, including the systemic massacre of Native Americans and Indigenous peoples and the enslavement of Africans by Africans, by whites and other world governments first carried out a systematic propaganda campaign. The rhetoric that preceded these atrocities spread hatred and bigotry, dividing society into an “us” threatened by the very existence of a “them.” These politics of dehumanization and division were strategies employed in the Holocaust, in the genocides in Armenia, the Balkans, Cambodia, and Rwanda, in the colonization of India and South America, during apartheid in South Africa, and, today, in Darfur, and against the Yezidis as well as other ethnic and religious minorities in Iraq and Syria. These examples illustrate the extent to which power-obsessed leaders will go to gain and hold power. Within the past two years, the new world order campaign/administration has employed these same tactics to seize power in the United States and other area, using dehumanizing rhetoric against Asians, Whites, Muslims, Immigrants, Women, Jews, Mexicans, African-Americans, Latinos/as, the LGBT community, the Pope, the press, the United Nations, intellectuals, educators, environmentalists, political opponents, comedians, and others. new world order and other associates have used the discredited rhetoric of the “Clash of Civilizations” to frighten Americans into believing their lives are threatened by those “others” who look or pray or talk differently than they do. They have manipulated the grief of white-black-brown-yellow Americans disillusioned by their failure to achieve the American dream, whipping up a frenzy of fear and hatred of targeted “others” through propaganda machines masquerading and false news sources. This was also the situation in the world, in the other county, in Cambodia, in Germany and Poland, and in Rwanda before the killing started. I imagine it was also hard for people in those countries to believe that such rhetoric would lead to the horrors that followed. At the Genocide Memorial, my Tartaria friend who had witnessed her husband and children and nearly a million fellow people murdered in the chaos of homicidal rage asked me, “How could a country as great old America can be, where people from all over the world have come to live together, select such a new world order leader? He is saying the same things world leaders said before the genocide began.” I do not know what lies in the hearts of members of the new world order administration. I am sure that there are good and honorable people there. But I do know that the rhetoric and the strategies being employed - especially by the good and bas President in the past- fulfill the criteria necessary to prepare the ground for mass atrocity and even genocide. If we fail to stop it, America may be the next exhibit in the Genocide Memorial in the new world order. It will tell the story of a despotic leader who sowed seeds of fear and hate, inciting extremist groups to violent action against fellow citizens. And how the new government promoted division, silenced voices of dissent, attacked the false press, eroded human rights, and ultimately set the stage for horrible atrocities which future historians will call the Great American Genocide from 1776 to 2023 Now. The National Archives and Records Administration’s primary mission is to provide access to the records in our control. We recognize that these records are of incalculable value to people looking to understand their history, seek out evidence, and document rights. That value, though, also makes them targets for theft. Earlier this year, our staff and the Office of Inspector General discovered that artifacts and documents had been stolen from World War II military records. On June 9, 2017, investigators executed a search warrant at the residence of a researcher and historian, Antonin DeHays. There they found and recovered identification tags and other documents stolen from National Archives at College Park, Maryland. I appreciate the efforts of our Office of Inspector General and the National Archives staff who have been assisting them and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for their efforts in this ongoing investigation. The Acting United States Attorney for the District of Maryland filed a federal criminal complaint against DeHays on June 13, 2017. If convicted of the theft of government records, DeHays faces a maximum sentence of 10 years in prison. DeHays had repeatedly visited the National Archives over an extended period and stole ID tags and documents of U.S. servicemen whose airplanes had crashed during World War II. DeHays sold the stolen tags, often called dog tags, and in one case even traded a tag assigned to a Tuskegee Airman to a museum in exchange for a chance to sit in a Spitfire aircraft. The records DeHays pilfered were created during World War II by the German military. When Allied airmen crashed into Nazi-occupied territory in Europe, the Germans recovered the tags of deceased airmen and confiscated dog tags from airmen who survived the crashes. They then placed those tags into files with downed Allied aircraft reports. Allied forces seized these records at the end of the war, and the U.S. Army transferred them to the National Archives in 1958. That the records stolen were so personal to the deceased servicemen is especially distasteful. Long after their years of service, veterans often hold on to their military ID tags as mementos. I keep one of my own Navy tags with me on my keychain to this day. The theft of our history should anger any citizen, but as a veteran I am shocked at allegations that a historian would show such disregard for records and artifacts documenting those captured or killed in World War II. In 1955, Archivist Wayne C. Grover signed the Archivist's Code to guide National Archives staff in making professional decisions. In it, he states “The Archivist must be watchful in protecting the integrity of records in his custody. He must guard them against defacement, alteration, or theft….” He goes on to say “The Archivist should endeavor to promote access to records to the fullest extent consistent with the public interest, but he should carefully observe any established policies restricting the use of records.” There is a fine balancing act we all must face in this profession between protection and access to the records. As I have stated since I became Archivist of the United States, the security of the holdings of the National Archives is my highest priority. Any theft of our nation’s records is an irreplaceable loss. We safeguard those records in many ways, but it all begins with our shared commitment to security. Although we have heightened security around our holdings in recent years and have implemented a number of measures to deter theft, this latest incident underlines the constant threat posed to our holdings and the importance of our commitment to holdings protection. Orwellian Dystopia Both Side's Are Wrong Answer To Extremism Isn’t More Extremism https://rumble.com/v2bngfk-orwellian-dystopia-both-sides-are-wrong-answer-to-extremism-isnt-more-extre.html America’s left and right are radicalizing each other, and the precedents from overseas are deeply unsettling. It’s all politics. And it still is, for those who really listen close. It’s why we need to flip the script and tell the real story of what happened in 1948 and 1964. I also believe America needs to echo, once again, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s dream and “look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” That’s what made America great…and will make America great again. It’s known as “The Big Switch.” That’s when Southern Democrat politicians converted to Republicanism and refashioned the G.O.P. into a racist political party. Orwell's "1984" has been quoted left and right, for years, but the reality that we currently live in has never resembled the dystopia that the author describes in his best-known novel as much as it does today. We are voluntarily giving up our privacy. We are forced to use it as a currency. That has never been the case before, but today it is. It is almost impossible to function in today's world without giving up your privacy or rather having it invaded by a corporation or a government. The internet has, clearly, played a huge part in this. It may have brought us closer, but it has also brought governments and corporations closer to us, practically invited them into our homes and minds. "Both rely on the existence of a technological system with the capacity to monitor every citizen’s actions and words.” Meanwhile, governments all over the world, including the United States, are installing more mass surveillance, further invading little what's left of their citizen's privacy. We have been conditioned to feel OK about giving up our privacy (after all, don't they want to "protect" us from terrorism?), but governments and corporations use this information in countless ways. For example, Google's and Facebook's sophisticated algorithms are capable of profiling you to such an extent, that serving highly targeted advertisements and propaganda is a fully automated process. You can even test this yourself -- try looking for something specific to buy and see what type of ads Facebook serves you. Is there any way to combat this? Saying "I have nothing to hide" and allowing the government to spy on you is like claiming you have nothing to say and allowing the government to take away your right to freedom of speech. The 30-something author documented how the Democratic Party–known for its historic racism–split in 1948 when Harry S. Truman (D-MO) first “introduced a pro-civil rights platform” into the Democratic Party. Strom Thurmond (D-SC) and a faction of Southern Democrats, consequently, bolted from Democrats to create the “States Rights” (Dixiecrat) party. The author then states these Dixiecrats eventually converted to Republicanism–along with Thurmond–in 1964. Later, Nixon’s “southern strategy” and Reagan’s conservatism moved the Democratic “blue” South to become a firm “red” Republican in the 1970s and 1980s. Today, Democrats routinely finger Republicans as “racists,” pointing to occasional neo-Nazi politicians (David Duke, a one-term Louisiana state legislator), obscure racist organizations (Patriot Front) and Confederate flag-waving MAGA types. In fact, just wearing a MAGA hat is considered “racist” by many individuals on the left. It’s a strong and divisive narrative…but what’s the TRUTH? First of all, the “Dixiecrats,” under Strom Thurmond in 1948), did leave the Democratic Party…but for reasons more than racial. The Truman Administration–following sixteen years of Franklin D. Roosevelt–further desired to federalize and centralize government. The Southern Thurmond “Dixiecrats” believed in traditional “states’ rights” and segregation. The Northern and Western Democratic Party in the 1930s and 1940s was more “progressive” politically. President Roosevelt’s fascination with the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and fascist government programs in Europe guided many of his domestic policies. Consequently, the 1948 Truman-Democratic platform reflected more centralized and socialist government, thus angering and distancing Southern libertarians. That’s what really split the Democratic Party in 1948. In fact, in a platform that boasted 4,256 words only 106 (2.4%) were even devoted to civil rights (for the black or anyone else). Even more surprisingly was how the party of slavery, segregation, Ku Klux Klan and Confederate secession was quick to pat itself on the back in 1948. In their summary on civil rights the Democratic Party actually claimed it alone was “responsible for the great civil rights gains” and committed to “continuing its efforts to eradicate all racial, religious and economic discrimination.” However, such 1940s political posturing is contradicted by a Jim Crow Democratic South that still lynched blacks, refused school, hotel, restaurant, transportation and restroom facilities to “coloreds” and rigged voting procedures to suppress the black ballot. Therefore, it’s hard to believe “great gains” were actually made by Democrats. Harry Truman was allegedly an inactive participant in the Missouri KKK, and biographers often noted his latent racism against blacks, Jews, Chinese and Japanese throughout his life. Meanwhile Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated a KKK member to the Supreme Court (Hugo Black), put Japanese-Americans into detention camps and refused to welcome black Olympians—including the famed Jesse Owens—to the White House. The Dixiecrat exodus was, again, more about progressive, fascist, socialism than segregation and black civil rights. In the end, despite predictions of a Thomas Dewey victory, the Dixiecrat exodus produced little gain. Truman won the ’48 presidency in a landslide electoral college vote while the Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond mustered an inconsequential 2.4% of the popular vote. Secondly, the Dixiecrats did NOT convert to Republicanism in 1964 (after Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act) as many historians and journalists now suggest. In fact, most of these racist libertarians returned to the Democratic Party after 1948 and became a significant voting block against civil rights and desegregation throughout the 1950s and early 1960s. According to one historical analysis, of the 1500+ racist “Dixiecrats” only Strom Thurmond and about a dozen others left the Democratic Party for the GOP (less than 1%). Furthermore, Thurmond didn’t switch parties until 16 years after Truman forced him to create his “Dixiecrat” party. Thirdly, Southern whites (the people, not the politicians) did vote more REPUBLICAN in post-1965 elections, but not for racial reasons. Again, the Democratic Party was moving left, toward socialism, nonreligious/atheism and adopting liberal planks on abortion, women and gay rights. The Bible Belt South in the 1970s and 1980s became less racist as de-segregation and civil rights laws were enforced. Consequently, immigration to southern cities (Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Nashville, Charlotte) by northern and western GOP conservatives rearranged the voting demographic. Southerners are more conservative and that’s why dozens of Democrats switched parties. Did you know notable Republicans Trent Lott, Mike Pence, William Bennett and Rick Perry were all previously Democrat? It’s true. And race was not the reason they switched affiliations…it was due to liberal/socialist policies. Finally, the Republican Party and its leaders have consistently denounced and resisted the “alt right” ultra-conservative racist organizations. It’s why these racists formed their own political party in 2009 (The American Freedom Party). Republicans, historically, have always championed civil rights for the black and all ethnicities. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed thanks to widespread Republican support (who had proposed similar legislation in the Eisenhower administration). All Southern Democrats (including those Dixiecrats) voted against it. Oh, and David Duke? He only identified as Republican when politically expedient. Otherwise, he’s been in the Democrat, Populist or Reformed camp. Maybe instead of looking at the anomaly of Strom Thurmond, we should investigate the political expediency of another Democrat: Robert C. Byrd (D-WV) who spent 62 years in public office. Byrd served for over half a century at the national level, as a Representative and, later, a powerful Senator. Byrd died in office (2010) at the ripe age of 92. Hillary Clinton called Byrd a “friend and mentor.” Barack Obama noted how “the arc of his life bent toward justice.” The press gave him a blessed pass. That’s because Robert Byrd proved a quintessential post-WW2 Democrat. Originally a member and leader of the Ku Klux Klan in West Virginia (an affiliation he later disavowed), Byrd refused to fight in World War 2 because it meant serving alongside blacks. He routinely voted with other segregationists in the 1950s. As a senator, Byrd filibustered and voted against the 1964 Civil Rights Act. He abstained his vote for the 1965 Voting Act. He also voted against the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall, the first black Supreme Court justice. This same Robert Byrd then politically transformed from a known racist to a beloved mentor. How? Simple. He towed the party line…for nearly 57 years! It’s possible to argue Byrd didn’t lose his racism but rather, like most good politicians, shelved it. He enjoyed his power and position. It wasn’t the first time Byrd did what was necessary. In fact, the whole reason Byrd initially joined the KKK was for “political power.” To his credit, he did leave the organization, but still it showed Byrd to be a political opportunist. Once in national office, at least until 1967 (when being a segregationist went out of fashion), he retained his racist roots. Byrd told a reporter: “Don’t get that albatross [the KKK] around your neck. Once you’ve made that mistake, you inhibit your operations in the political arena.” There is a website that I frequent because it puts up a lot of interesting information in fun graphs, infographics and pictures. Information is Beautiful posts a wide range of topics from China’s censorship to illegal drugs. The following image is from their “Left vs Right (World)” post, outlining the basic gist of the left-wing and right-wing political ideologies. There is only so much that you can include in a diagram trying to distinguish the political left from right. This is a generic point to start understanding the main differences between the two sides but we need to keep in mind that there are many degrees of variation on political views (even within the same one). This diagram makes the right-wing way of thinking to be completely cold, calculated and rational, while the left-wing ideas promote more positive views on humanity. While it is true that the right-wing tends to support war, morals and discipline, it should be understood that left-wing can have corruption, discipline and rules. And what about the people that do not fall strictly into one wing or another? When I was younger and just beginning to learn about political terms and ideas, I was massively confused. What the media taught me was that (I watched a lot of US politics on TV) you are either left or right. There I stood, utterly confused at how I could possibly believe in personal and economic freedom supported by a minimal government role in each aspect. For example, on this graph, I agree with the leftist thought of being progressive and supporting personal freedom. However, I also believe in the right wing ideals of non-interference in society, low taxes, and economic freedom. Yet, I do not believe in organized religion and I fully support gay and abortion rights. What this diagram shows is that many of us are still stuck in a dichotomous way of thinking, when there are eons of possibilities for a political perspective. Left and right are the most basic division in politics but that should not encourage or pressure people to conform to simply one side or another. I love Information and is infographics hold a special place in my heart for their ability to effectively convey information in appealing and efficient ways. In response to the point you make, I agree that we seem to have been protected from the possible existence of ambivalence in political views as if it were some sort of secret. It feels a little strange to say that it is for the public’s best interest, but that’s sort of what I’m arguing. The left – right divide may not so much serve as dichotomous camps that we must choose between, rather they serve as a simplified roadmap to guide the less politically aware public. What will determine where you place yourself will depend on how much weight you give to specific topics. It’s generally accepted that the citizenship will not know about where they stand on each individual issue, so by using this shortcut they can hopefully make an educated guess that will eventually serve them well.

Flat Earth Trilogy So I'm Not Saying The Earth Is Flat Or Anything... But This Is Very Interesting Evidence and I learned a lot, just like I learned a lot with the heliocentric model and the view of the solar system. Both models are useful for purposes of history and knowledge. Biblical Flat Earth Exposing a World of Lies, Everything you know is Wrong. Christians who believe in the Heliocentric “Globe” Model are guilty of Idolatry, just like Eve. Rev_18:4 Then I heard another voice from heaven saying, “Come out of her, my people, lest you take part in her sins, lest you share in her plagues; Joh 3:12 If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how shall you believe if I tell you heavenly things? Remember, what the apostle Paul said, "but test (or prove) everything; hold fast what is good!" (1 Thes 5:21 ESV) Christians should not be afraid of investigating for the truth. Remember as well, Eph6:12 For we are not fighting against human beings but against the wicked spiritual forces in the heavenly world, the rulers, authorities, and cosmic powers of this dark age. These forces are running and ruining our world. They are in control of governments, industries and most people. You have to deal with this fact. Why hide the flat earth. Because Satan wants evolution and needs this spinning ball thing flying through space. He can't have people knowing there is a firmament over a motionless flat earth. That screams God made it. So he brain washes the people into believing a lie and we all bought the lie. This proves how effective Satan is at deceiving the nations. He has deceived even you and me. But God will allow us to see through Satan's lies if we will read and study His Word and observe His creation. Creation screams of the glory of God. Please Note: I want everyone to understand that I do NOT agree with everything in some of these posts. So watch the videos, glean out the good and trash the bad parts. As believers, we are not going to agree on all things but should agree to love one another. It's the Lord's job to judge, not ours. Don't let anything disturb your faith. If something bothers you, take it to the Lord before you take any action. Sometimes it can take months before you can confidently move forward with something spiritual, even the flat earth. Remember: Col_3:17 Whatever you do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks through Him to God the Father. Fighting flat-Earth theory Physicists will find it shocking, but there are plenty of people around the world who genuinely believe the Earth is flat. Rachel Brazil explores why such views are increasingly taking hold and how the physics community should best respond. In 2017 the US rapper B.o.B (real name Bobby Ray Simmons Jr) started a crowd-funding campaign to launch a satellite. The rapper, a vocal proponent of “flat-Earth theory”, wanted to seek evidence that our planet is a disc, not a globe. His aim was to raise $200,000 (later upped to $1m) on the GoFundMe website, with the aim of sending one or more craft into space to help him “find the curve” – the term that “flat-Earthers” use to describe the edge of our supposed disc-shaped planet. The rapper’s quest may seem like a joke or publicity stunt. Indeed, there’s currently no evidence that B.o.B raised much money or got anywhere near his goal. However, in the last few years there has been an alarming rise in the number of people who, like B.o.B, believe in flat-Earth theories. There’s now an annual flat-Earth conference in the US – the most recent of which was attended by more than 600 people – while YouTube is full of videos purporting to provide evidence that the Earth is flat. Physicists may mock the notion of a flat Earth, but the idea is gaining traction, particularly among people susceptible to other conspiracy theories. “They actually really do believe it,” says Lee McIntyre, a philosopher from Boston University and an expert in the phenomenon of science denial, whose books include Respecting Truth: Wilful Ignorance in the Internet Age (Routledge, 2015). McIntyre knows first-hand how sincerely flat-Earthers hold their views: he attended the 2018 Flat Earth International Conference in Denver, Colorado. Asheley Landrum, a psychologist from Texas Tech University who was also at the Denver meeting, agrees that flat-Earthers are genuine, and not goofing around. “If they were [trolling], they are very good actors,” she says. “We talked to more than 90 members of the flat-Earth community and they’re all very sincere in their beliefs”. Lectures at the Denver event included “Talking to your family and friends about flat Earth”, “NASA and other space lies” and “14+ ways the Bible says flat Earth”. Flat-Earth ideas are based on basic scientific misunderstandings that can be easily refuted. For most people, even those who have no physics background, the evidence for a spherical Earth is obvious. So we need to ask ourselves why these ideas still persist in the 21st century and, perhaps more importantly for the physics community: how exactly should we respond? A circular history The idea that the Earth is a sphere was all but settled by ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle (384–322 BC), who obtained empirical evidence after travelling to Egypt and seeing new constellations of stars. Eratosthenes, in the third century BC, became the first person to calculate the circumference of the Earth. Islamic scholars made further advanced measurements from about the 9th century AD onwards, while European navigators circled the Earth in the 16th century. Images from space were final proof, if any were needed. Today’s flat-Earth believers are not, though, the first to doubt what seems unquestionable. The notion of a flat Earth initially resurfaced in the 1800s as a backlash to scientific progress, especially among those who wished to return to biblical literalism. Perhaps the most famous proponent was the British writer Samuel Rowbotham (1816–1884). He proposed the Earth is a flat immovable disc, centred at the North Pole, with Antarctica replaced by an ice wall at the disc’s outer boundary. The International Flat Earth Research Society, which was set up in 1956 by Samuel Shenton, a signwriter living in Dover, UK, was regarded by many people as merely a symbol of British eccentricity – amusing and of little consequence. But in the early 2000s, with the Internet now a well-established vehicle for off-beat views, the idea began to bubble up again, mostly in the US. Discussions sprouted in online forums, the Flat Earth Society was relaunched in October 2009 and the annual flat-Earth conference began in earnest. As with any fringe movement there are disagreements and several different flat-Earth models exist to choose from. Some models propose that the Earth’s edges are surrounded by a wall of ice holding in the oceans. Others suggest our flat planet and its atmosphere are encased in a huge, hemispherical snow globe from which nothing can fall off the edges. To account for night and day, most flat-Earthers think the Sun moves in circles around the North Pole, with its light acting like a spotlight. The most recent “US model”, for example, suggests that the Sun and Moon are 50 km in diameter and circle the disc-shaped Earth at a height of 5500 km, with the stars above this on a rotating dome. Many flat-Earthers also reject gravity, with the “UK model” suggesting that the disc is itself accelerating up at 9.8 m/s2 to give the illusion of gravity. Physicists will scoff at these ideas, but the worrying thing is that they are spreading rapidly and gaining proponents outside America too. “While they may not be as many [in Europe], they are as loud as their colleagues in the US,” says Jan Slegr, a physicist from the University of Hradec Králové in the Czech Republic, who in 2018 co-authored a paper outlining ways for teachers and others to confront outlandish flat-Earth ideas with physics (Phys. Educ. 53 045014). Such efforts are important. Alarming polling data by the firm Datafolha, for example, indicate that 7% of the Brazilian population – some 11 million people – believe that the Earth is flat. This shocking number has been attributed to a resurgent evangelical Christian church, but there are also signs that religious fundamentalism is spreading these ideas in Islamic countries too. In 2017 the website Jeune-Afrique reported that a geology student in Tunisia was intending to submit a PhD defending her work on a flat-Earth model. Conspiracy mentality It would be easy to dismiss flat-Earthers as simply being misguided due to a lack of education. While there are indications that those susceptible to such views have low levels of scientific literacy, Landrum at Texas Tech says that flat-Earthers aren’t necessarily people who don’t believe in science. “It’s not really an education thing,” she says. “It really is about distrusting authorities and institutions. [It] seems to be based on both a conspiracy mentality and a deeply held belief that looks a lot like religiosity but isn’t necessarily specifically tied to a religion”. Landrum thinks this conspiracy mentality is linked to science denial and a susceptibility to believing deceptive claims on social media (Politics and the Life Sciences 38 193). No longer the domain of a “foil-hat-wearing fringe”, she believes those with a conspiracy mentality have lost the ability to judge when to trust and when to be a sceptic. Their lack of trust in authority includes not just scientists but scientific bodies such as NASA, all of whom (they think) are part of a massive conspiracy to prevent the flat-Earth truth being revealed. “[They] view the world through this really dark filter where [they] assume that all authorities and institutions and corporations are just there to exploit you.” McIntyre adds that the flat-Earthers he interacted with each believed a selection of conspiracy theories, including that governments control the weather and that chem-trails from aeroplanes consist of chemical or biological agents. “The only one I found that they all believed,” he says, “was that we hadn’t gone to the Moon. If you offer them back evidence, like the view of the Earth from the Moon, they say it’s fake.” Indeed, many flat-Earthers are more invested in the idea of a conspiracy than in providing a workable model of a flat Earth. Nikk Effingham, a philosopher at the University of Birmingham in the UK who has met flat-Earthers at a London meet-up, says that we often don’t recognize the extent to which confidence in authority shapes our beliefs. “When we try and prove something like the Earth being round, because it’s a belief that we are so sure of, we under-play the justified role of authority in that,” he says. Most people are therefore comfortable accepting the world is a globe, even if they can’t immediately recount the scientific evidence. Flat-Earthers seem to have a very low standard of evidence for what they want to believe but an impossibly high standard of evidence for what they don’t want to believe Lee McIntyre, Boston University But that’s not the case for those mired in a conspiracy mentality. What’s also clear is that the rise in flat-Earth beliefs has been fuelled by the Internet and YouTube videos in particular. “Almost everybody that we spoke to said that either they were directly exposed to flat Earth on YouTube or they were exposed to it via a family member who was exposed to it on YouTube,” says Landrum. Flat-Earth videos often present numerous arguments in rapid succession with what Landrum dubs “an illusion of fluency”. Key to the videos’ success has also been the algorithms that serve them up to viewers of other conspiracy-related content. “The algorithms facilitate the normalizing of conspiracies and the feeling of a consensus within your community,” explains Landrum. “Flat Earth is just another example of that.” In 2019 YouTube did acknowledge the problem and said it would be tweaking its algorithm to reduce its recommendations of conspiracy-theory videos. But the fact remains that the videos are still on its platform. Proving the Earth isn’t flat It was McIntyre’s work on science denial that led him to the 2018 flat-Earth conference in Denver, where delegates spent time discussing the “evidence” and finer details of their theory as well as the supposed conspiracy that flat-Earthers believe is shielding their ideas from the wider public. “I thought that if I could understand how to push back against flat-Earthers, I could use the same techniques to fight back against climate-change deniers and anti-vaxxers,” he says. After all, their ideas are all generally based on fallacies and misunderstanding of science. “Some of the flat-Earthers know enough physics to throw around the vocabulary, but they don’t actually understand enough physics to be compelled by the truth.” But even without the visual confirmation of pictures taken from space, many of the arguments used by flat-Earth proponents can be easily dismissed with trigonometry or basic physical laws. A good place to start is with a Foucault’s pendulum, the device named after the French physicist Léon Foucault, who in 1851 famously hung a heavy 28 kg brass bob from a 67 m chain in the Panthéon in Paris. Such a pendulum, which can swing in any plane, changes direction during the course of a day, yielding direct evidence of the Earth’s rotation. (Though as Slegr points out, that hasn’t stopped some flat-Earthers claiming that all Foucault pendulums are fraudulent and that museums use magnetic coils to turn the plane of the pendulum’s rotation to make the Earth seem to rotate.) Another phenomenon that proves the Earth is a spinning globe is the Coriolis force, which acts perpendicular to the direction of motion of a spinning mass. This force leads to cylones swirling clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere; through the direction of winds, it also impacts ocean currents. Long-range military snipers even have to make allowance for deflections caused by the Coriolis effect. Indeed, as Slegr points out, getting physics students to explain the evidence for a spherical spinning Earth is a great critical-thinking exercise. But that deep critical thinking is what’s often missing among flat-Earthers. Consider photos of distant skylines, which are often wheeled out as “proof” that the Earth is flat. In his interactions with flat-Earth theorists, McIntyre was commonly shown a picture of Chicago, taken from Lake Michigan, in which the city’s skyscrapers are clearly visible despite being viewed from a distance of 100 km out. “Given the curvature of the Earth, you shouldn’t [in principle] be able to see the skyline of the city from that far out,” he says. The reason the buildings are visible, as McIntyre knows, lies in the fact that air directly above the water’s surface is colder than the air higher up. This inverse temperature gradient means that light rays refract toward the colder, denser air, allowing an image of the reflected skyline, formed on the water below the horizon, to appear almost hovering above the horizon (figure 1). This notion can easily be verified by taking a photo even further away, where the “superior mirage” will disappear. So Why distant skyscrapers are visible despite the curvature of the Earth ? This photo was taken from Mount Baldy in Indiana Dunes National Park on the south-east coast of Lake Michigan, roughly 60 km across the water from the city of Chicago, which lies on the opposite bank. At that distance, Chicago’s skyline should not be visible as the curvature of the Earth takes it beyond the horizon. The fact that the buildings are visible is in fact simply a mirage. Mirages are usually created when a cold, dense layer of air sits above a layer of warmer, less dense air, for example when the Sun beats down on a black road on a hot summer’s day. The warm ground heats the bottom few centimetres of air, refracting sunlight up to your eyes to create an “inferior mirage”. But if a layer of warm air sits above your line of sight, with a cool layer beneath, you get a “superior mirage”. Light bends down towards the denser air, but because our eyes assume the light has travelled in a straight line, the object appears higher than it is. The effect also explains why a far-off ship can be seen even though it might have dipped below the horizon. It can even make distant boats appear to float in the air. But, as McIntyre found, this type of reasoning is unlikely to convince flat-Earthers. “They seem to have a very low standard of evidence for what they want to believe but an impossibly high standard of evidence for what they don’t want to believe.” One of their key experimental tools is a Nikon P900 camera with a ×83 optical zoom, in which flat-Earthers place an almost religious faith. Able to capture details not visible to the naked eye, they hope to use it to show that objects don’t disappear over the horizon but come back into view when examined at high enough resolution. McIntyre described his frustrations with flat-Earthers in a paper last year in the American Journal of Physics (87 694), in which he challenged physicists to come up with simple, straightforward answers to refute the “evidence” for a flat Earth that could be understood by a general audience. Someone who rose to the bait was retired physicist Bruce Sherwood, who realized that “just citing the scientific facts is not going to convince anybody”. Instead, given that flat-Earthers place so much emphasis on naked-eye observations, he and colleague Derek Roff decided to create a navigable 3D computer simulation of a flat Earth to see how well it could replicate what we see. Based on the US version of the flat-Earth model, it allows anyone to virtually roam a flat world. “Walking round in it, there were many things that show tremendous discrepancies,” says Sherwood. One of the major problems is the size and brightness of the Sun. In the flat-Earth model this varies by more than a factor of two from sunrise to midday, something we obviously do not see. The night sky also differs. In the northern hemisphere we see constellations rising in the east and arcing across the sky but in the flat-Earth model they would just circle at a constant height. “What [Sherwood] has created is something that’s much harder for [flat-Earth proponents] to laugh off, because it takes their own views seriously, [and] traces out the consequences,” says McIntyre. “I think that on this basis, other physicists can go out and help to push.” Dangerous liaisons From McIntyre’s perspective, flat-Earth conspiracies are a danger and need confronting. “Maybe 10 or 20 years ago, I would have said, just laugh at them, how much traction are they going to get? I no longer feel that way.” If these ideas are not challenged, he fears that as with supporters of “intelligent design”, proponents of a flat Earth will start running for US school boards, looking to push their ideas into the US education system. “The sort of reasoning that they use is infectious and if you don’t push back against them, it just gets worse and they’re able to recruit new members,” he warns. But Effingham, who has also interacted with flat-Earthers on Facebook, wonders if physics is the place to start combating these conspiracy-based ideas. “I’m not saying that the perfect formula doesn’t have some kind of physics argument in it, but just turning on a YouTube video of physics lectures is not going to do it.” Instead, Effingham has tried to get flat-Earthers to understand that, by watching YouTube videos, they too are slavishly following an authority – not a scientific authority, but the authority of whoever is proposing the conspiracy theories they subscribe to. Effingham also tries to point out their inconsistencies. “Every position they took required a different view of the conspiracy, and required the conspiracy to be bigger or smaller, and it was impossible to get a consistent conspiracy going that explained everything.” McIntyre, for example, recalls asking one flat-Earther why planes flying over Antarctica from, say, Chile to New Zealand don’t have to refuel, which they’d have to if the continent were (as they believe) an ice wall tens of thousands of kilometers long. He was simply told that planes can fly on one tank of fuel and refueling planes could just be a giant hoax to stop us realizing that the Earth is flat. Landrum agrees the underlying problem is one of trust rather than physics. “We really should figure out as a scientific community, and as a society as a whole, how we can start building back trust in our organizations and institutions.” And she feels we need to do this face-to-face. “I don’t mean go yell at them on Twitter – that’s not engaging.” It’s also vital, she says, for scientists not to patronize flat-Earthers but to take questions seriously. That may seem like an excruciatingly painful process, but a necessary one, for people to gain trust in science as an institution again. A level of sustained personal engagement can change minds. “It does work to push back against science deniers,” argues McIntyre, pointing to current NASA boss Jim Bridenstine. He was appointed by Donald Trump in 2018 and was known to have disputed climate change. “[But] once [he] became head of NASA, within a matter of two months or so, he changed his mind on climate change, and publicly said, ‘I was wrong’,” says McIntyre. The difference was that the evidence was presented to him by scientists he had grown to trust. Oddly, Landrum says that many flat-Earthers may distrust scientists, but they are not against the scientific method. “The majority of them put a lot of faith, for lack of a better word, in science. There’s a lot of curiosity and a lot of scepticism and a lot of the really good qualities that make scientists.” But while the spirit of experimentation may be there, flat-Earthers are not always prepared to change their minds when their experiments fail. And that’s why McIntrye hopes some physicists might go with him to future flat-Earth conferences. “I think that physicists need to be more involved,” he says. “There’s really no excuse for us to just sit back and laugh at them. Because while we’re laughing, they are recruiting people to believe these crazy things.” 81 Government & Affiliate Documents that admit Flat Earth It's A PDF Download. https://www.terre-plate.org/library/CIA%20NASA%20Documents/81%20Government%20_%20Affiliate%20Documents%20that%20admit%20Flat%20Earth-converted.pdf If a scientific conspiracy theory is funny, that doesn’t mean it’s a joke at all. In astronomy, the perception that Earth is flat leads to the deduction that it must actually be flat; the antimoon, NASA conspiracy and all the rest are just rationalizations for how that might work in practice. Those details make the flat-earthers' theory so elaborately absurd it sounds like a joke, but many of its supporters genuinely consider it a more plausible model of astronomy than the one found in textbooks. In short, they aren't kidding. For the flat-earther convinced that all these countries put aside their political tensions in order to maintain the fiction of a spherical Earth, there are also ways to check on the planet's shape with one's own eyes. One of the simplest is to go to a harbor and watch the ships depart. As a ship disappears over the horizon, the bottom of the ship will go first, followed gradually by the mast. But if you zoom in with a 100 time zoom or a high power telescope you will see the whole ship again 20 to 30 miles away from you still in the photo... so yes the earth is flat. Does the Bible prove that the Earth is round and not flat? Despite the many images of the Earth we have from space, theories about the Earth being flat continue to arise. By searching the Scriptures, you will not find proof that the Earth is round. Language in Scripture reflects the ancient Near East writers’ observations of the sun moving through its circuit in the sky (Ps. 19:6), of the sun rising and falling (Ps. 50:1; 113:3; Isa. 59:19; Mal. 1:11), and of the horizon being circular (Job 26:10). The role of Scripture is to reveal spiritual matters, not to argue for scientific fact. For this reason, Scripture does not mention many scientific discoveries. The Bible is for making us wise toward salvation to carry out the work of the gospel (2 Tim. 3:14–17). Believers must be people of truth (Prov. 12:19; Eph. 4:25); lying is a characteristic of those outside of Christ (1 Tim. 1:10; Titus 1:12; Rev. 21:8). As people of truth, in humility, we should tell people who debate over the spherical shape of the Earth that such an argument is unnecessary, for all related data points to the truth of a spherical Earth. When we encounter those who wish to argue, we should walk away and not argue with foolishness (Prov. 26:4–5). We can leave such persons to ponder the swirling of the water in their sinks and bathtubs—swirling that reverses direction when we cross the equator. https://samuel-lereah.com/articles/Physics/flat-vs-round-earth According to some UFO conspiracists, the Black Knight is an artificial satellite of extraterrestrial origin that has orbited Earth for approximately 13,000 years. Flat Earth Vs. Round Earth Vs. Black Knight Satellite Vs. Fermi Paradox The Great Debate - https://rumble.com/v3tkujr-flat-earth-vs.-round-earth-vs.-black-knight-satellite-vs.-fermi-paradox-the.html Who’s Telling Truth About The Firmament On Earth Quran Or Bible Or Waters Above - https://rumble.com/v3nxzhl-whos-telling-truth-about-the-firmament-on-earth-quran-or-bible-or-waters-ab.html Who’s Telling Truth About The Firmament On Earth And Sun Moon Luminaries Part 2 - https://rumble.com/v3o0bk9-whos-telling-truth-about-the-firmament-on-earth-and-sun-moon-luminaries-par.html Ultimate Field Guide 82 Extraterrestrial Species Iceberg Explained Alleged Alien Races https://rumble.com/v2lb5b8-ultimate-field-guide-82-extraterrestrial-species-iceberg-explained-alleged-.html In the story of the abduction and encounters with alien beings or humanoids in the history of ufology, there are, as reported by the various reports of the various police and military who are interested in the subject, lists of different types of beings who should represent various civilizations do not belong to the human, who were either vengoino still in touch with people on our planet. Taboo Conspiracy Of Nature's True Flat Earth Real Time 40 Schemes From N.A.S.A. https://rumble.com/v2dm0zi-taboo-conspiracy-of-natures-true-flat-earth-real-time-40-schemes-from-n.a.s.html Taboo Conspiracy and Other Video's Removed by ? Those channels have since been silenced by ? the other censor's and Nazis at Alphabet. lot's of people have provides time and time again, the very best proofs of our flat world, tests and experiments that completely debunk the heliocentric fantasy, and is also personally responsible for exposing the fakery in every supposed 24/7 sun in Antarctica video. He has certainly opened hundreds of thousands of people’s eyes to our false reality and for that, I’m proud to share his work here at new world order year zero. Flat Earth 21 Questions And Answers Proving Stranger's Guide And Course Flat Earth https://rumble.com/v2u3emu-flat-earth-21-questions-and-answers-proving-strangers-guide-and-course-flat.html Proving Stranger's Guide And Course Flat Earth A comprehensive beginners course that thoroughly explains the answers to 21 of the most frequently asked questions about flat earth. Journey through the list from beginning to end while all the "loose ends" are tied up by the time it's over. Share with you friends, family and loved ones. The #earth is most definitely #flat and it is important for us to understand. Stanley Kubrick Fake Apollo 11 Moon Landing Was A Hoax By The U.S.A. Government https://rumble.com/v2s6afk-stanley-kubrick-fake-apollo-11-moon-landing-was-a-hoax-by-the-u.s.a.-govern.html NASA faked the historic Apollo 11 Moon landing footage with the help of Hollywood veteran director Stanley Kubrick, book author and filmmaker Jay Weidner has shockingly claimed. When NASA astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the Moon on April 20, 1969, more than 500 million watched around the globe with bated breath. But the monumental moment in the history of mankind is often overshadowed by conspiracy theories claiming the Moon landing was faked. As the 50th anniversary of the Moon landing approaches, the number of conspiracist questioning NASA’s official version of events is on the rise. Mr Weidner, who directed the documentary Kubrick's Odyssey, has astonishingly claimed footage of the Apollo 11 landing was directed by Mr Kubrick. However, even more surprisingly, the filmmaker said NASA did go to the Moon – but the footage broadcast around the world was a hoax. NASA Admits Fake International Space Station A Global World Wide Satellite Hoax https://rumble.com/v3dm5uj-nasa-admits-fake-international-space-station-a-global-world-wide-satellite-.html Flat Earth Vs. Round Earth 8 Ways Life Would Get Weird On A Flat Earth Conspiracy https://rumble.com/v2pu5k6-flat-earth-vs.-round-earth-8-ways-life-would-get-weird-on-a-flat-earth-cons.html Proofs Earth Is Not A Spinning Ball What The Hell Happened 200 Times Collection https://rumble.com/v2u2d94-proofs-earth-is-not-a-spinning-ball-what-the-hell-happened-200-times-collec.html Proofs Earth Is Not A Spinning Ball When a photo of spherical Earth is pointed out to flat-earthers, they will dismiss it as CGI in the blink of an eye; even if they haven’t done any analysis at all. They do this because their belief in flat-Earth is not evidence-based, and any evidence contrary to their beliefs needs to be invalidated no matter how. They are so used to doing it, and sometimes they become confused by it themselves, to the point that they would take the slightest hint of digital manipulation of any picture of the Earth as evidence of the flat Earth. Flat Earth 101 Channel - Episode 14 - Eclipse Of Fantasy - (Gerhana Fantasi) https://rumble.com/v2bq47m-flat-earth-101-channel-episode-14-eclipse-of-fantasy-gerhana-fantasi-w0w.html This is the number 1 question? - Flat Earthers hear, why would anyone go through this elaborate hoax? - The powers that be want to hide the truth of our existence at all costs as they do not want to have anyone/anything else in higher power than themselves. The majority of people believe they are descendants. NASA Admits Faking Space Part 1 The Space Program Is Faked Yes It's A Conspiracy https://rumble.com/v3dqlbc-nasa-admits-faking-space-part-1-the-space-program-is-faked-yes-its-a-conspi.html NASA Admits Faking Space Part 1 The Space Program and shows provable deception in the space program. NASA is a corrupt government organization. It gets worse. NASA was started to create the illusion of going into so-called (non-existent) "outer space". The truth is that no one or nothing has ever been to the fantasy known as "outer space". NASA Admits Faking Space Part 2 Bonus Proof Stephen Hawking Is A Fraud Conspiracy https://rumble.com/v3dssxw-nasa-admits-faking-space-part-2-bonus-proof-stephen-hawking-is-a-fraud-cons.html NASA Admits Faking Space Part 2 The Space Program and shows provable deception in the space program. NASA is a corrupt government organization. It gets worse. NASA was started to create the illusion of going into so-called (non-existent) "outer space". The truth is that no one or nothing has ever been to the fantasy known as "outer space". Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (1) Turning Inward Lost History Earth - https://rumble.com/v4a88i9-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-1turning-inward-lost-history-earth.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (2) Of Maps and Magicians Lost History - https://rumble.com/v4a9rrc-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-2ofmapsandmagicians-lost-history.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (3) Flattening The Curve Lost History Earth - https://rumble.com/v4abbl6-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-3flattening-thecurve-lost-history-.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (4) Vanishing Points and The Old Clock - https://rumble.com/v4acotu-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-4vanishing-pointsand-the-oldclock.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (5) The Red Shield Lost History Earth - https://rumble.com/v4ady4x-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-5thered-shield-lost-history-earth.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (6) Infiltration Instead of Invasion - https://rumble.com/v4aepeu-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-6infiltrationinstead-ofinvasion.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (7) Eyes Wide Open Lost History Earth - https://rumble.com/v4afpa9-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-7eyes-wide-open-lost-history-earth.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (8) The Looking Glass Lost History Earth - https://rumble.com/v4ah5kc-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-8thelooking-glass-lost-history-ear.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (9) Panic ! So A Must See Video Today - https://rumble.com/v4aizex-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-9panic-so-a-must-see-video-today.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (10) The Energetic Earth A Lost History - https://rumble.com/v4akmr6-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-10theenergetic-earth-a-lost-histor.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (11) The Bumblebee and The Hexagon - https://rumble.com/v4alm2o-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-11the-bumblebee-and-thehexagon.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (12) Stranger Than Fiction Lost History - https://rumble.com/v4amqdi-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-12stranger-than-fiction-lost-histo.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (13) Down The Rabbit Hole Lost History - https://rumble.com/v4anbp0-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-13down-therabbit-hole-lost-history.html Atmospheric What On Earth Happened Parts (14) All 13 Parts Together 8hrs. 12mins. - https://rumble.com/v4ap320-atmospheric-what-on-earth-happened-parts-14-all-13-parts-together-8hrs.-12m.html A Must See Video What On Earth Happened Parts (14) All 13 Parts Together Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. Secrets in Plain Sight - Secrets Inside Everyday Objects All 23 Volume Documentary - https://rumble.com/v3g5qch-secrets-in-plain-sight-secrets-inside-everyday-objects-all-23-volume-docume.html Secrets in Plain Sight is an awe inspiring exploration of great art, architecture, and urban design which skillfully unveils an unlikely intersection of geometry, politics, numerical philosophy, religious mysticism, new physics, music, astronomy, and world history. Stolen History - Nothing Is as It seems (Part 0 - Post-Reset War of the 19th Century). The official version of human history is a construct of lies. We are in a state of collective amnesia. Let us get rid of the artificial matrix that has been imposed on us. Stolen History Part 0 - The Post-Reset War of the 19th Century - TheRealOriginoftheWorld - https://rumble.com/v3e7ssx-stolen-history-part-0-the-post-reset-war-of-the-19th-century-therealorigino.html Stolen History - Nothing Is as It seems (Part 1 - Introduction). The official version of human history is a construct of lies. We are in a state of collective amnesia. Let us get rid of the artificial matrix that has been imposed on us. The Real Origin of the World ? Stolen History Part 1 - Lifting the Veil of Deception - TheRealOriginoftheWorld - https://rumble.com/v3e9hn5-stolen-history-part-1-lifting-the-veil-of-deception-therealoriginoftheworld.html Stolen History - Nothing Is as It seems (Part 2 - Destruction of the Old World Stolen). The official version of human history is a construct of lies. We are in a state of collective amnesia. Let us get rid of the artificial matrix that has been imposed on us. The Real Origin of the World ? The official version of human history is a construct of lies. Our we in a state of collective amnesia. Stolen History Part 2 - The Destruction old World - TheRealOriginoftheWorld - https://rumble.com/v3eb23o-stolen-history-part-2-the-destruction-old-world-therealoriginoftheworld.html Stolen History - Nothing Is as It seems (Part 3 - Mystery of the World's Fairs). The official version of human history is a construct of lies. We are in a state of collective amnesia. Let us get rid of the artificial matrix that has been imposed on us. This part covers the World's Fairs and the period in which they took place. Stolen History Part 3 - The Mystery of the World's Fairs - TheRealOriginoftheWorld - https://rumble.com/v3ecipd-stolen-history-part-3-the-mystery-of-the-worlds-fairs-therealoriginofthewor.html Secret Life Of Symbols - Jordan Maxwell Knowledge Of The Heavens, Life On Earth - https://rumble.com/v3eiefd-secret-life-of-symbols-jordan-maxwell-knowledge-of-the-heavens-life-on-eart.html Secret Life of Symbols Start with 00:00:00 World of the Occult 00:36:02 Solar Worship 01:09:26 Mazzaroth - Ordinances of Heaven 01:37:29 Creating Man in Our Image 02:11:45 Solomon’s Temple & The Ark 02:53:31 Secret Legacy of Moses 03:25:52 Saturn and Secret Societies 03:55:07 Secrets of the Dollar 04:15:03 Incorporating America 04:42:21 Dawn of a New Day Hidden Blueprint Of Earth LHFE Part 1 Buried in Plain Sight - Lost History Of Earth - https://rumble.com/v3es7gb-hidden-blueprint-of-earth-lhfe-part-1-buried-in-plain-sight-lost-history-of.html Hidden Blueprint Of Earth Video LHFE Part 2 Lens Into the Past - Lost History Earth - https://rumble.com/v3ew91y-hidden-blueprint-of-earth-video-lhfe-part-2-lens-into-the-past-lost-history.html Hidden Blueprint Earth LHFE Part 3 Inheritors Mud, Magnificence - Lost History Earth - https://rumble.com/v3ezpue-hidden-blueprint-earth-lhfe-part-3-inheritors-mud-magnificense-lost-history.html Hidden Blueprint Of Earth LHFE Part 4 Back to the Future - Lost History Of Earth - https://rumble.com/v3f2t8z-hidden-blueprint-of-earth-lhfe-part-4-back-to-the-future-lost-history-of-ea.html Hidden Blueprint Of Earth LHFE Part 5 Whispering of the Water - Lost History Earth - https://rumble.com/v3fag4a-hidden-blueprint-of-earth-lhfe-part-5-whispering-of-the-water-lost-history-.html Hidden Blueprint Of Earth LHFE Part 6 Offer Us And Alchemist - Lost History Earth - https://rumble.com/v3fgipt-hidden-blueprint-of-earth-lhfe-part-6-offer-us-and-alchemist-lost-history-e.html Hidden Blueprint Of Earth LHFE Part 7 The Known World - Lost History Of Earth - https://rumble.com/v3fm3nx-hidden-blueprint-of-earth-lhfe-part-7-the-known-world-lost-history-of-earth.html Hidden Blueprint Of Earth LHFE Part 8 History Of A Lost Earth - All 7 Parts Together - https://rumble.com/v3fuk7b-hidden-blueprint-of-earth-lhfe-part-8-history-of-a-lost-earth-all-7-parts-t.html Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. Real Timeline Of Deception Part 0 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Exploring Tartaria - Old World Secrets Revealed https://rumble.com/v2u8ef4-real-timeline-of-deception-part-0-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 1 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Timeline Deception - Part I - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ua8sa-real-timeline-of-deception-part-1-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 2 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Timeline Deception - Part II - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ubf4w-real-timeline-of-deception-part-2-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 3 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The King of Tartaria - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2ueih6-real-timeline-of-deception-part-3-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 4 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Saints - Relics, Reliquaries, & The First Resurrection https://rumble.com/v2ugl92-real-timeline-of-deception-part-4-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 5 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Saints - The Ruling Class - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2uij7w-real-timeline-of-deception-part-5-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 6 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years From Atheism, Agnosticism, New Age, Protestantism, to Roman Catholicism https://rumble.com/v2ujvr6-real-timeline-of-deception-part-6-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 7 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years The Millennial Kingdom of God - Exploring Tartaria https://rumble.com/v2uldss-real-timeline-of-deception-part-7-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 8 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Magic of the White City 1893 Chicago World's Fair https://rumble.com/v2un20g-real-timeline-of-deception-part-8-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 9 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years 1000 Years Added To Our History & Dark Ages Never Existed https://rumble.com/v2uo07i-real-timeline-of-deception-part-9-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-ou.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 10 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Church History - Complete Documentary AD 33 to Present https://rumble.com/v2uprfu-real-timeline-of-deception-part-10-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 11 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Christmas Unveiled - Pied Piper - Templars Secret - Saturn's Workshop - Giants Stealing Children https://rumble.com/v2urmd0-real-timeline-of-deception-part-11-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 12 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Ancient Cloning Factories - Foundlings - Incubators - Test-Tube Babies https://rumble.com/v2uu8ck-real-timeline-of-deception-part-12-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Real Timeline Of Deception Part 13 Exploring Tartaria 1000 Years Homunculus Unveiled - Jesus - Artificial Generation - Liber Vaccae - Lost Esoteric Secrets https://rumble.com/v2uwmvc-real-timeline-of-deception-part-13-exploring-tartaria-1000-years-added-to-o.html Archaix Chronology Anunnaki Sumerian Gods Crystalinks Timelines 2040B.C. 2046A.D. https://rumble.com/v2v0zks-archaix-chronology-anunnaki-sumerian-gods-crystalinks-timelines-2040b.c.-20.html Archaix 2.0 Doomsday Chronology Five color charts with extensive Legend-chronology; exhibits 62 dates involving 300 events in linear timeline combining the Phoenix and Nemesis X Object appearances, the Mayan Long-Count baktuns and the Anunnaki NER 600 year periods, a history spanning over 74 centuries to May 2040 and November 2046. https://rumble.com/v2b2zqq-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-14-all-13-parts-together-woeh.html The Lost History of Earth (Ewaranon) W0W - A Must See Video Lost Earth Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. https://rumble.com/v28b4q6-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-8-history-of-a-lost-earth-all-7-parts-together-l.html The Secret Life of Symbols with Jordan Maxwell Knowledge of the Heavens, Life on Earth https://rumble.com/v28wyns-the-secret-life-of-symbols-with-jordan-maxwell-knowledge-of-the-heavens-lif.html Ancient Religions From Alpha To Stone Age To Omega To Modern Times To Infinity https://rumble.com/v2wigv2-ancient-religions-from-alpha-to-stone-age-to-omega-to-modern-times-to-infin.html This 11.5 Hrs. Full Documentary With Sound Is About Ancient Religions From Alpha To Stone Age To Omega To Modern Times To Infinity. Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. Mystery The World's Fairs 00 This Evidence Hidden History Chronological All World’s Fair's - https://rumble.com/v49zfro-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-this-evidence-hidden-history-chronological-all-wor.html Mystery The World's Fairs​ 01 London 1851 Crystal Palace Works Industry All Nations - https://rumble.com/v49xr6f-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-london-1851-crystal-palace-works-industry-all-nati.html Mystery The World's Fairs​ 02 Paris 1855 World's Fair L'Exposition Universelle de Paris # 1 - https://rumble.com/v49wmff-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-paris-1855-worlds-fair-lexposition-universelle-de-.html Mystery The World's Fairs 03​ Paris 1867 World's Fair L'Exposition Universelle de Paris # 2 - https://rumble.com/v49vttt-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-paris-1867-worlds-fair-lexposition-universelle-de-.html Mystery The World's Fairs 04​ Philadelphia 1876 Fair Centennial International Exposition - https://rumble.com/v49us5z-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-philadelphia-1876-fair-centennial-international-ex.html Mystery The World's Fairs​ 05 Paris 1878 World's Fair L'Exposition Universelle de Paris # 3 - https://rumble.com/v49soh6-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-paris-1878-worlds-fair-lexposition-universelle-de-.html Mystery The World's Fairs 06 Paris 1889 World's Fair Exposition Universelle de Paris # 4 - https://rumble.com/v49pdu3-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-paris-1889-worlds-fair-exposition-universelle-de-p.html Mystery The World's Fairs 07​ Chicago 1893 World's Fair World's Columbian Exposition - https://rumble.com/v49ryc5-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-chicago-1893-worlds-fair-worlds-columbian-expositi.html Mystery The World's Fairs 08 Lyon 1894 Fair L'Exposition Internationale et Coloniale - https://rumble.com/v49qjd3-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-lyon-1894-fair-lexposition-internationale-et-colon.html Mystery The World's Fairs 09​ Nashville Tennessee 1897 Centennial International Exposition - https://rumble.com/v49obhi-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-nashville-tennessee-1897-centennial-international-.html Mystery The World's Fairs​ 10 Omaha 1898 Nebraska Trans-Mississippi Exposition Part 1 - https://rumble.com/v49kvne-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-omaha-1898-nebraska-trans-mississippi-exposition-p.html Mystery The World's Fairs 11​ Omaha 1898 Nebraska Trans-Mississippi Exposition Part 2 - https://rumble.com/v49ls22-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-omaha-1898-nebraska-trans-mississippi-exposition-p.html Mystery The World's Fairs​ 12 Buffalo 1901 New York World's Fair Pan American Exposition - https://rumble.com/v49dg39-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-buffalo-1901-new-york-worlds-fair-pan-american-exp.html Mystery The World's Fairs 13 St. Louis 1904 World's Fair Louisiana Purchase Exposition - https://rumble.com/v49h2n9-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-st.-louis-1904-worlds-fair-louisiana-purchase-expo.html Mystery The World's Fairs​ 14 Louisiana 1904 Purchase Exposition St. Louis World's Fair - https://rumble.com/v49bv7t-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-louisiana-1904-purchase-exposition-st.-louis-world.html Mystery The World's Fairs 15​ Seattle 1909 World's Fair Alaska Yukon Pacific Exposition - https://rumble.com/v499353-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-seattle-1909-worlds-fair-alaska-yukon-pacific-expo.html Mystery The World's Fairs 16​ San Francisco 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition - https://rumble.com/v49aa13-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-san-francisco-1915-panama-pacific-international-ex.html Mystery The World's Fairs 17​ 1962 Seattle Chronological All International World’s Fair's - https://rumble.com/v49is0f-mystery-the-worlds-fairs-1962-seattle-chronological-all-international-world.html Antiquitech Tartarian Empire Old World's Fairs 18 Before The World's Fair 1851 Thru 1974 - https://rumble.com/v4968hi-antiquitech-tartarian-empire-old-worlds-fairs-before-the-worlds-fair-1851-t.html Chicago Old Museum Tell About 1,000 Year 19 Old World History Of 1893 World's Fair - https://rumble.com/v2cphwy-chicago-old-museum-tell-about-1000-year-old-world-history-of-1893-worlds-fa.html Chilaga Where Chicago Is Now On Map 20 of America and 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition - https://rumble.com/v2cqmdc-chilaga-where-chicago-is-now-on-map-of-america-and-1893-worlds-columbian-ex.html Antiquitech Tartarian Empire Greatest Story 21 Ever Un-told Rewriting Recorded History - https://rumble.com/v36porm-antiquitech-tartarian-empire-greatest-story-ever-un-told-rewriting-recorded.html Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. Evidence NASA Faked Apollo Moon Landing Hoax How They Do It Complete Video - https://rumble.com/v48btzf-evidence-nasa-faked-apollo-moon-landing-hoax-how-they-do-it-complete-video.html Stanley Kubrick Fake Apollo 11 Moon Landing Was A Hoax By The U.S.A. Government - https://rumble.com/v2s6afk-stanley-kubrick-fake-apollo-11-moon-landing-was-a-hoax-by-the-u.s.a.-govern.html NASA faked the historic Apollo 11 Moon landing footage with the help of Hollywood veteran director Stanley Kubrick, book author and filmmaker Jay Weidner has shockingly claimed. NASA Admits Fake International Space Station A Global World Wide Satellite Hoax - https://rumble.com/v3dm5uj-nasa-admits-fake-international-space-station-a-global-world-wide-satellite-.html Flat Earth 21 Questions And Answers Proving Stranger's Guide And Course Flat Earth - https://rumble.com/v2u3emu-flat-earth-21-questions-and-answers-proving-strangers-guide-and-course-flat.html Proving Stranger's Guide And Course Flat Earth A comprehensive beginners course that thoroughly explains the answers to 21 of the most frequently asked questions about flat earth. Journey through the list from beginning to end while all the "loose ends" are tied up by the time it's over. Share with you friends, family and loved ones. The #earth is most definitely #flat and it is important for us to understand. 81 Government & Affiliate Documents that admit Flat Earth It's A PDF Download. https://www.terre-plate.org/library/CIA%20NASA%20Documents/81%20Government%20_%20Affiliate%20Documents%20that%20admit%20Flat%20Earth-converted.pdf Taboo Conspiracy Of Nature's True Flat Earth Real Time 40 Schemes From N.A.S.A. https://rumble.com/v2dm0zi-taboo-conspiracy-of-natures-true-flat-earth-real-time-40-schemes-from-n.a.s.html Taboo Conspiracy and Other Video's Removed by ? Those channels have since been silenced by ? the other censor's and Nazis at Alphabet. lot's of people have provides time and time again, the very best proofs of our flat world, tests and experiments that completely debunk the heliocentric fantasy, and is also personally responsible for exposing the fakery in every supposed 24/7 sun in Antarctica video. Flat Earth 101 Channel - Episode 14 - Eclipse Of Fantasy - (Gerhana Fantasi) https://rumble.com/v2bq47m-flat-earth-101-channel-episode-14-eclipse-of-fantasy-gerhana-fantasi-w0w.html This is the number 1 question? - Flat Earthers hear, why would anyone go through this elaborate hoax? - The powers that be want to hide the truth of our existence at all costs as they do not want to have anyone/anything else in higher power than themselves. The majority of people believe they are descendants. NASA Admits Faking Space Part 1 The Space Program Is Faked Yes It's A Conspiracy https://rumble.com/v3dqlbc-nasa-admits-faking-space-part-1-the-space-program-is-faked-yes-its-a-conspi.html NASA Admits Faking Space Part 1 The Space Program and shows provable deception in the space program. NASA is a corrupt government organization. It gets worse. NASA was started to create the illusion of going into so-called (non-existent) "outer space". The truth is that no one or nothing has ever been to the fantasy known as "outer space". NASA Admits Faking Space Part 2 Bonus Proof Stephen Hawking Is A Fraud Conspiracy https://rumble.com/v3dssxw-nasa-admits-faking-space-part-2-bonus-proof-stephen-hawking-is-a-fraud-cons.html NASA Admits Faking Space Part 2 The Space Program and shows provable deception in the space program. NASA is a corrupt government organization. It gets worse. NASA was started to create the illusion of going into so-called (non-existent) "outer space". The truth is that no one or nothing has ever been to the fantasy known as "outer space". Sorry Antarctica We're Closed Our Hidden Flat Earth This Area Is As Big As U.S.A. - https://rumble.com/v3e0jrw-sorry-antarctica-were-closed-our-hidden-flat-earth-this-area-is-as-big-as-u.html Sorry Antarctica We're Closed Our Hidden Flat Earth This Area Admiral Byrd: “An Area As Big As The United States on the Other Side of the South Pole” According most flat earthers, there’s no such thing as the continent of Antarctica. In their imagination, Antarctica is not a continent, but a long ice wall enclosing the Earth. Without having anything to prove that assumption, they look anywhere for any quote they can mine and stumbled into this quote by Admiral Byrd “Strangely enough, there is left in the world today, an area as big as the United States, that’s never been seen by a human being. And that’s beyond the pole, on the other side of the south pole from Little America.” Space Documentary Amazing Planet Earth Mind Bogglingly Things About Universe - https://rumble.com/v3jscmg-space-documentary-amazing-planet-earth-mind-bogglingly-things-about-univers.html Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally.

Exploring The Mysteries Compendium, Compilation, United Full Series of the World Beyond South Pole Ice Walls Full Lore And Explanation After making 8 separate episodes In the span of almost 3 months, i decided to unite them into a single mega-video longer than 6 Hours, highly edited compared to the singular episodes by themselves. Hope you enjoy this almost cinematic masterpiece where we go into a journey of exploration throughout All the lands, continents, islands, ice walls & gates that exist outside of Antarctica, as well as a flat earther's dream of discovering all the societies, species, creatures and people that have been created since the time of Magellan's expedition. The lore of Beyond the Ice Walls suggests the existence of a hidden and diverse world beyond Antarctica, challenging our perception of Earth's boundaries. Exploring the Mysteries Beyond the Ice Walls Colonialism and Power Struggles Antarctica is depicted as a diverse and complex region, with various colonies established by different colonial powers such as Prussia, the Netherlands, England, Spain, and Japan, each with their own unique characteristics and influences. The Rapa Nuyan Empire, based on Easter Island, has established colonies near the ice walls and is known for its cunning tactics, supernatural abilities, and universal hostility, making it a nightmare for colonial powers to traverse the Western Pacific. The gnomes, despite their small stature, have cities and are remarkably welcoming to outsiders, adapting rapidly to new technologies and ways of life brought by imperialists. The Aboriginal natives of the frigid islands have developed extreme resilience and resistance to the cold, making it difficult for colonial powers to exploit the lands as the natives have a deep understanding of the terrain and how to survive in such harsh conditions. The world beyond the ice walls is controlled by the Holvenists, a secretive and influential group with colonies all around the world, including Antarctica. The Holiness sought to undermine the Christian belief system and convert France from a Catholic monarchy to a secular republic during the French Revolutionary Wars. The colonization of the Avalons and the territories beyond the ice walls is a complex web of alliances, rivalries, and clashes between different colonial powers, indigenous tribes, and mythical creatures. The colonization and treatment of the zuaro by humans in the lore of Beyond the Ice Walls reflects the historical patterns of colonization and subjugation of indigenous populations by European powers, highlighting the destructive impact of human greed and the struggle for power. Mythical and Supernatural Elements Every man who approached the ice wall described a tall ethereal woman with glowing dark skin, beckoning them to join her at the top and peer over the other side to see what lays beyond. The belief in unexplored lands beyond the ice walls has fueled the ambitions of explorers throughout history, leading to both great discoveries and disastrous consequences. The establishment of a vast empire of goblins and hobgoblins that worshiped the old Egyptian gods in a manner similar to Akhenaten is thanks to a specific pirate fleet containing the last practitioners of a cult that settled south of Antarctica. The penguins in the land beyond the ice walls are actually the guardians of the Sentinels Gates, and they will lethally attack anyone who disrupts them. Shangri-La, a hidden paradise within the mountain ring, sustains the oldest civilization in the second ring with a 6 million year history, where the Vogelwalk have established complex societies and intricate trade networks. Exploration and Discovery The lore suggests that there may be a hidden world beyond the ice walls of Antarctica, challenging our perception of the Earth's boundaries. The world beyond the ice walls is depicted as a complex and diverse supercontinent, with various colonies, cultures, and conflicts. The shape of the land in this mysterious continent, which is believed to be another continent within the hollow Earth, appears to shift in distance and size, adding to its enigmatic nature. The existence of leviathans and other giant sea creatures in the unexplored depths of our oceans is a possibility, supported by historical accounts and recent discoveries of creatures like the giant squid. The Mystery of Antarctica's Ice Wall Unveiled Antarctica is a mysterious and diverse continent with hidden mountains, unique geological features, and a wide range of endemic wildlife. Key insights Antarctica may have gold-spurting volcanoes, human skulls, and blood flowing waterfalls hidden behind its ice walls, suggesting that there is much more to discover in this mysterious continent. There are mountains hidden beneath the ice in Antarctica, highlighting the vastness and complexity of the continent. Antarctica holds around 90% of the planet's freshwater ice, making up 99% of its landmass, which is equivalent to the contiguous United States, Hawaii, Alaska, Argentina, Kazakhstan, and France all rolled into one. The gas emitted by Mount Erebus, including gold, cools rapidly when it comes into contact with the icy air, creating tiny solid crystals within a few meters of the lava pool. Scientists initially believed the color was caused by red algae, but further research has disproven this theory, leaving the true cause still unknown. The iceberg down in Antarctica are either snow capped in white or have a clear turquoise color, creating a stunning visual contrast. Despite being largely covered in snow and ice, Antarctica is home to a variety of endemic animals, both cuddly and creepy, that crawl, swim, skate, and hop around the area. The blue whale, which is the largest animal ever known to have existed, can also be found in Antarctica, adding to the diversity of wildlife in the region. Unveiling the Enigmatic Inner Earth Civilization in Antarctica There is evidence and testimonies suggesting the existence of a hidden civilization beneath the Earth's surface, which is more advanced than our own and has been kept secret from the public. Key insights The credibility of Admiral Richard Bird's words and the existence of a hidden civilization beneath our feet are controversial topics that challenge societal beliefs. The underground city in Cappadocia provided a more comfortable and moderate environment compared to the extreme temperature changes on the surface, potentially serving as a hiding place from conquerors. The underground city of Daren kuyu in Antarctica has an intricate tunnel system that even modern scientists have only been able to explore 10% of so far. The Sailor claimed to have spent several years with human-like individuals over three meters tall living in the underground, suggesting the existence of a hidden civilization in the inner Earth. The mention of Admiral Byrd's fateful flight suggests that there may be something unusual or significant about what he saw at the North Pole. Strange flying machines approached the pilot's team, and human-like creatures with white hair and clothes emerged from them, indicating the presence of an underground civilization called Agartha. The Admiral encountered a civilization in Inner Earth that was more advanced than ours in science, culture, and technology. The pilot, Bird, was forbidden to distribute the information about agartha, highlighting the secrecy and suppression surrounding the existence of this underground civilization. Shocking Secrets Hidden in ANTARCTICA! Unveiling the Truth Antarctica holds mysterious and potentially dangerous secrets that have been hidden from the public, including the existence of a pyramid-like mountain and the possibility of a past civilization, raising questions about what is really happening in the region. Key insights Antarctica is believed to be hiding something mysterious and dangerous, with claims that the truth about it has been hidden from the public for decades. The lack of information about Antarctica and the sudden deletion of Aldrin's tweet has sparked curiosity and raised questions about what is really happening in the region. The existence of a perfectly shaped pyramid-like mountain in Antarctica, captured in photographs and still studied by researchers, adds to the intrigue and mystery surrounding the region. The presence of a strange, unnatural-looking mountain in Antarctica raises suspicions that it may have been intentionally built and holds secrets that we are not allowed to discover. Some believe that there may have been a past civilization in Antarctica, pointing to the existence of a large pyramid-like structure and a mysterious giant hole. The mention of thawing something in Antarctica raises questions about potential consequences, such as the release of diseases or the melting of the poles, highlighting the need for further investigation. Antarctica's Startling Secrets: Life Beneath Ice & Climate Crisis Antarctica holds groundbreaking secrets about its past and present, including evidence of life thriving beneath the ice, but is also facing rapid ice retreat and glacier collapse due to climate change. Key insights The secrets hidden beneath Antarctica's frozen surface are so profound and terrifying that they have remained concealed for eons. The discovery of dinosaur and bird remains in Antarctica challenges the previous assumption that it was always an icy desert, leading scientists to entertain the idea that it was once a thriving tropical rainforest. Scientists discovered an entire ecosystem teeming with life beneath the ice in Antarctica, challenging previous assumptions about the continent's barrenness. A colossal mountain range stretching 1200 kilometers wide and towering 3000 meters high was recently discovered beneath the icy depths of Antarctica, hinting at a trove of untold secrets awaiting revelation. The astonishing discoveries in Antarctica's ancient past left no room for doubt, but also raised pressing questions about cataclysmic events that precipitated profound transformations. Visionaries like Elon Musk have linked different scientific theories to unlock Earth's evolution mysteries, showing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. The rapid melting of ice in Antarctica could cause a rise in global sea levels, with over one-third of the total increase in sea levels being attributed to the loss of ice from Antarctica and Greenland alone. The potential consequences of Antarctica's ice thawing are staggering and could have a monumental impact on both humanity and the planet. Antarctica's Mysterious Discoveries: New Species, Pyramids, and Potential Extraterrestrial Life Researchers have uncovered unexpected connections between Earth's processes and discovered new species, meteorites, and mysterious pyramids in Antarctica, raising questions about potential extraterrestrial life and pre-Ice Age life. Scientists discover million-year-old DNA sample in Antarctica, revealing the continent's past as a tropical rainforest. Scientists found evidence of life thriving beneath the Antarctic ice shelf, including a breeding colony of ice fish and sponge organisms, as well as a hidden river with shrimp-like crustaceans. Scientists found an underground chamber with a subterranean water column before the Tonga volcano eruption, while a massive mountain range was discovered under the Antarctic ice using gravitational and magnetic readings. Antarctica froze over 34 million years ago due to a sudden deepening of the Drake Passage, which triggered a reorganization of ocean circulation and the formation of a formidable water barrier that isolated the continent and caused a decrease in temperature. Heat waves hit both polar regions, with Antarctica experiencing unprecedented temperature increase and a massive hole in the ozone layer, while the world's largest iceberg breaks free and an ancient ice sheet melts at an alarming rate. Antarctica is facing rapid ice retreat and glacier collapse due to climate change, but remains a hub for scientific discoveries and unique natural wonders. Scientists monitor the stability of Antarctica's ice shelf in real time by studying the seismic hum produced by vibrations on the ice shelf. 12 Hidden Ancient Structures That Scientists Don't Want You to See Ancient civilizations may have possessed advanced technologies and techniques that are still not fully understood or explained by modern scholars. Key insights The advanced and technological preservation of the ancient sarcophagi raises questions about the explanation given by Egyptian authorities that they were made for sacred bulls, as they appear more majestic and better than the seculars of the pharaohs Egyptians. The construction of the Sakse Huma walls in Peru, made of interlocking blocks weighing up to 25 tons and built without mortar, raises questions about how the Incas were able to shape and transport these massive blocks from a quarry 8 kilometers away. The depictions of light bulbs in Ancient Egypt's Dendera temple complex raise questions about the existence of advanced electric lighting technology in ancient civilizations. The mortarless megalithic structure made of white granite in Machu Picchu is almost futuristic and predates the Incas by thousands of years. The precision of the ancient Peruvian stones, cut thousands of years before the Incas, is so remarkable that you can't even slide a human hair between them. The cutting process of the andesite stone in Peru was interrupted, indicating that ancient builders may have used high-performance tools to create megalithic artifacts. Russia's Startling Discoveries in Antarctica: Ancient Civilizations & Earth's History Revision Russia has made significant discoveries in Antarctica, including evidence of ancient civilizations and a potential revision of Earth's history timeline, which may lead to the disclosure of this information in the near future. Key insights The discovery of a potential culture in Antarctica would require a significant amount of engineering and effort, suggesting the existence of advanced civilizations beneath the glaciers. "It would take a great deal of engineering but I do believe it would be worth it in the long run to have a place that would have a different set of rules." "80 percent of the drinkable fresh water is in Antarctica, which should make anybody sit back and think." The discovery beneath fast melting glaciers in Antarctica suggests that the timeline of Earth's history may need to be revised, potentially shortening it from millions of years to thousands of years. The presence of a map with a large winged serpent chasing a giant holding a shield suggests that accuracy and reputation were important factors in creating such maps, indicating the significance of the depicted imagery. The discovery beneath fast melting glaciers in Antarctica is described as "terrifying," suggesting potential alarming implications for the environment and climate change. The well-spaced remnants of ancient buildings and roads indicate the possibility of a once-thriving civilization in the region. The discovery of ancient structures in Antarctica aligns with historical maps and eyewitness accounts, suggesting a hidden history waiting to be explored. Antarctica's Astonishing Discovery: Alien Civilization Unveiled There is evidence of a hidden civilization in Antarctica, potentially connected to Nazi Germany's expeditions, with advanced technology and a complex history, and the presence of dignitaries suggests a major discovery in the region. Key insights Whistleblower Cory Good's account of witnessing the first scientific excavations of ancient ruins buried under 2 miles of ice in Antarctica raises questions about a hidden civilization and its connection to Nazi Germany's expeditions. The discovery of a massive object hidden beneath the Antarctic Ice could potentially change our understanding of history. The discovery also included large tombs and obelisks, suggesting a rich and complex history of this pre-adamite race in Antarctica. According to the transcript, there are claims of a city-sized ship in Antarctica housing 40,000 people who have been living underground since the last ice age, believing themselves to be the ancient ancestors of humans and anticipating a time of great change on Earth. The presence of representatives from the secret space program Alliance and the encounter with an unexcavated portion of the ruins suggest a potential connection between ancient civilizations and advanced extraterrestrial technology. The bodies found in Antarctica were in twisted and contorted states, indicating an unexpected catastrophe that affected both the pre-adamites and indigenous humans. The presence of dignitaries like ex-president Obama and even the Pope in Antarctica suggests that there is circumstantial evidence of a major discovery in the region. The reference to a creature considering itself a "king of the earth" and being sealed away until a certain time suggests a mysterious and potentially controversial narrative surrounding hidden knowledge or entities beneath the surface. UFO Crash in Antarctica: Unveiling the Evidence The discovery of a metallic-looking object in Antarctica suggests the possibility of an ancient alien spacecraft being hidden there. Key insights The discovery of a metallic-looking object half-covered in ice in Antarctica raises the possibility of an alien spacecraft being hidden there for thousands of years. Antarctica's Ancient Viruses: A Terrifying Discovery Antarctica's ice cores contain ancient viruses that could be released into the environment due to rapid ice melt, posing potential consequences for global health and highlighting the urgency of the fight against climate change. Key insights Ice cores in Antarctica contain layers that correspond to different eras of Earth's history, with ancient viruses essentially frozen in time, providing a treasure trove for microbiology research. The potential consequences for global health could be considerable as these prehistoric viruses, which humanity has not encountered for thousands or even millions of years, are at risk of being released into the environment. Rapid ice melt in Antarctica is leading to rising sea levels worldwide, threatening low-lying regions and islands by the end of the century if the current rate of melting continues. The alarming rate of melting ice in Antarctica is a stark reminder of the urgency of the fight against climate change. The discovery of subglacial ecosystems in Antarctica expands our understanding of the limits of life on Earth and the range of environments in which organisms can survive, with implications for the search for life on other planets. The unprecedented release of methane trapped in the Antarctic ice as the earth's temperature rises and the ice melts could result in a positive feedback loop, accelerating global warming. Fossils found in Antarctica suggest that the continent was once teeming with life, including ancient palm ferns and dinosaurs, indicating a past tropical or temperate climate. Polynae in Antarctica are crucial zones for the exchange of heat between the ocean and the atmosphere, impacting global weather conditions and ocean circulation. The discovery of extremophile microorganisms in Antarctica raises fascinating questions about the possibility of life on other planets with similar harsh conditions such as the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn. Antarctic Panic & ARTE Background The melting ice in Antarctica is a concerning trend that has far-reaching consequences for the global climate and sea levels. Key insights The ice in Antarctica appeared to be resilient to global warming for a period between 2008 and 2011, but now science is sounding the alarm as the ice is melting at the South Pole. The decrease in pack ice since 2016 is unprecedented, indicating a concerning trend in the Antarctic's climate. We are at a turning point where the consequences of climate change are becoming increasingly visible and urgent. The entire animal world in the Antarctic is dependent on cryopelagic algae and the grill, as they serve as the foundation of the food chain for seabirds, fish, whales, and other marine creatures. The consequences of ice melt in the Antarctic have a domino effect, leading to increased global warming and a vicious cycle that affects the global climate. The thermohaline circulation plays a vital role in maintaining an even distribution of oxygen, CO2, and water temperatures around the world, highlighting the potential impact of its slowdown. The Switzerland Glacier in West Antarctica loses a staggering 50 billion tons of ice every year, contributing to the rising sea levels. Scientists believe that if West Antarctica is lost, sea levels could rise by four meters, which would have a colossal impact on coastal areas. Hidden Antarctic Secrets - All is Revealed what "they" don't want you to know Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence - Carl Sagan, 1934-1996 The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness - Pierre-Simon Laplace, 1749-1827 Antarctica is a long way away from where you live, wherever you live. Not many people have been there, it's difficult and expensive to get there, it seems like some sci-fi ice-planet place and really exciting. It isn't "secret" though, just not well known. What goes on there is largely uninteresting to most people and is mainly very technical, complicated scientific stuff that is not easy to understand. All of this contributes to numerous conspiracy theories about UFO's, aliens, Nazi bases and other forms of woo-woo. With the advent of the internet and especially of access to satellite images on Google Earth there are plenty of purveyors of snake-oil ready to "interpret" ice-bergs and other ice patterns and structures for the benefit of the gullible, they are never just natural formations, but "clearly" alien or at least secret facilities. Key: 1 - The Forbidden Sector. No-one knows what happens here, no one who has been has ever come back, if you try to take a peek at the border you are grabbed by security penguins and taken in. 2 - The Hole at the Pole. This connects with the Hole at the Other Pole and to the Hollow Earth and those who live there. 3 - The Wall Around the Hole at the Pole. This stops people from the Almost-South-Pole-Station from falling in the hole and keeps out immurgrunts. 4 - The Almost South Pole Station. Because there's a big hole where the actual Pole should be (obvs) you can't build a research station there so instead it's nearby, this means it easy to keep an eye on all the ufo's and other alien technology that comes in and out of the hole. 5 - UFO Base. UFO technology was first established in Antarctica at the end of WW2 by the Nazis who did the obvious thing when they thought they might lose the war and moved to Antarctica to test-fly UFO's. They have been doing it ever since, secretly... 75+ years so far and counting... 6 - Visitors Land. The magnetic fields in Antarctica are manipulated to cause compasses to lead everyone to this area wherever they think they are going and think they might be. This prevents anyone finding out about the secrets in Antarctica "They" don't want you to know about. 7 - Visitor Land Barrier. A big plywood barrier painted to look like distant mountains and icebergs that hides the rest of Antarctica behind it. 8 - Secret Nazi Submarine Base. Established at the end of WW2. A tunnel at the ice edge leads to a base built into a giant ice-cave hundreds of miles inland so submarines can come and go secretly on clandestine missions. 9 - Tropical Area. No-one would expect an area of tropical weather and rainforest in Antarctica, so that's exactly why one has been established and kept secret well away from prying eyes, you wouldn't guess it was here would you? clever eh? <taps side of nose>. 10 - The Pyramids of Antarctica. Built by an ancient and powerful race and hidden under the ice. Every now and then one of them pokes out accidentally and photographs are taken, but by the time anyone looks again, the snow is heaped back over it and it disappears from view. Also, some mountains look a bit pyramid like from some directions. 11- Land of The Ancient Race of Super-Beings With Big Angular Heads. Some of them tried to leave many years ago and made it to Easter Island where their enormous weight made them sink into the ground and a simple common bacterial infection turned them to stone. The bacterium cannot live in Antarctica so they continue their highly sophisticated secret society under the ice, just occasionally sending out for pizza. Everything referred to on this map is made up, some of it by me, most of it by other people The most amazing part is that there people who believe this stuff is real and think there is a conspiracy to keep it all secret from everyone else in the world. There are books on it and of course endless youtube videos made by bloke-at-the-bus-stop-productions™ (or similar) who don't know what they are looking at and/or repeat lies from others or simply make up their own lies. It's really easy! I did it with some of the items above. Often the most compelling "evidence" for the believers is that they haven't been there to see it for themselves and they probably haven't ever met anyone who has been to Antarctica therefore the truth is being kept from them. Well I've never been to Albuquerque and I've never met anyone who has been there, but I do believe it exists. Anyway, now you've met me (sort of) and I've been to Antarctica and I can tell you none of the above stuff is true - I would say that wouldn't I?) Big structures, monsters, rows of tanks, hidden ufo's, crash and take-off marks etc. Antarctica is a big mainly frozen place, the wind blows a lot, it snows, it thaws too sometimes, water expands when it freezes, ice that is over water can crack making unusual patterns. Google Maps and the like aren't real-time images, but may get updated without notice showing changes that are actually years apart. There are also things going on in Antarctica that don't get a lot of publicity and sometimes people can't be bothered to find out what they are, but that doesn't make them "secret" any more than it is secret that I just had a ham and cheese roll (doh! - now I've given it away). Here's some examples of Google mapping images of Antarctica that were misunderstood either genuinely or deliberately and had fantastical stories made up about them. This stuff gets online and into the printed press. Not a Giant Buried UFO This one hit the news in mid 2018, described by some as as a "Buried UFO", the line of objects in the left hand picture is about 1400 metres long, here at 75° 0' 47''S 0° 4' 52.71''E. It is in an area known as Dronning Maud Land, map right. Since I first put this page up, Google have now added a marker of what is there, so there shouldn't be any further ambiguity. If you put the co-ordinates into the highest resolution map of Antarctica ever made, REMA, what comes up is not a buried giant UFO, but the location of the German Kohnen Station a summer only research facility opened in 2000. You can't see those things on that map because it is a relief map whereas the Google image is a satellite picture, no-one is trying to keep it secret. If you look elsewhere on the REMA map, there are the positions of other research stations given, but no structures shown, though there are quite comprehensive drop-down information boxes. You see that small rise in the ice at the top? That's a nunatak, the peak of a mountain that projects through the top of the ice. They make great landmarks on the smooth expanse of generally featureless ice and will be one of the reasons the station is where it is, because it makes it easier to find in less than ideal visibility. But that doesn't look like (hang-on, I'm going back to count) 22 things on the ice! Maybe it's a hidden UFO after all? Kohnen Station is resupplied from Neumayer Station (also German) about 757km away by a convoy of vehicles twice a year. This convoy usually consists of 6 towing vehicles and 17 cargo sledges (that's 23 individual objects). As it is situated on a vast ice plateau, any vehicles, sledges and outside cargo will be arranged in a long line at 90° to the prevailing wind, an arrangement sometimes called a "berm". In this way snowdrifts build up in tails that stretch away from the object making it relatively easy to dig out any one without needing to clear any of the others. If they were stored closer together, much more snow could build up in and amongst the cargo and vehicles making finding stuff you knew was around there somewhere much harder to get to. That original satellite picture is of vehicles, sledges and cargo laid out at 90° to the prevailing wind direction resulting in long wind tails of drifted snow. I suspect one reason that this gained traction in the press (apart from it being the absolutely laziest form of journalism possible and an over enthusiastic attention-seeking made up story), is that the station is German and the story appeared in the English language press. Otherwise some-one would have seen the pictures and said "Here, that's not a UFO, that's where our Gunter has gone to in the Antarctic" - or similar. It isn't a giant buried ufo, it's a modern German research station Not a "Motte and Bailey Castle" or Evidence of a Lost Civilization Here's one from 2017, though it keeps cropping up again as it is "rediscovered". This time, the assorted fantasists imagine it is an uncovered Motte and Bailey castle, a design of castle peculiar to 10-13th century Europe, except here is one apparently in that part of Antarctica directly south of Australia. See it here at 66°17'10.5''S 100°29'07.8''E. It's about 120m across which makes it of the appropriate size range and has two sort-of circles, though the whole thing appears to be more or less completely flat rather than having any significant raised earthworks which in part define a Motte and Bailey castle, the mounds of such castles in towns, cities and in the countryside in Europe are particularly enduring across the centuries even when all other evidence has gone. Europe has many, many examples of them, from the well preserved and in-use Windsor Castle in England to a whole range in various states of disrepair, though all with substantial earthworks. But when I think about it, why I am spending any time at all talking about about why two very rough concentric circles in Antarctica aren't an example of a medieval structure found on the other side of the world on the flimsiest of evidence? Maybe it's part of a deeper mystery? No it's just fanciful thought by people who have seen pictures of these two things and drawn a conclusion in the way that if you were a bit unusual, you might think the moon and hamburger were the same thing because they are both circular. Those dark blue patches inside the rings are water above ice. The whole thing is probably a pond or shallow lake that has frozen over during the winter and now it is spring. Warming temperatures and possibly a fall in water level by draining has caused the surface ice to fall and crack in the pattern of two very rough circles . The cracks have allowed some of the remaining underlying water to flow over the top of the ice. Such patterns and movements of ice and water are commonly seen wherever there is standing water with seasonal freezing. This explanation may not be exact as I haven't visited the site at ground level, but it is along the right lines and many similar examples of this phenomena can be found in the colder climates of the world. It is also a lot more accurate than some fanciful 1,000 year old castle belonging to a far distant culture 800 years before anyone even knew Antarctica existed. It isn't a medieval European castle, it's a pattern in a pond or small lake. Not a Monstrous Skeleton antarctic monster skeleton corpse A good example of the "I don't know what it is and my opinion is as good as anyone else's so I can make up what I want instead of making any effort to find out" school of thought. You can see this on Google maps street view here. It is the skeleton of either a Crabeater or Weddell seal that died and dried out over a long time period. There are a number of these skeletons in the area known as the "Dry Valleys" in Antarctica, they are surprising in that they are up to 40 miles from the sea and at up to 5,000ft altitude in the mountains. Carbon dating shows that they are often hundreds of years old, the oldest found being 2,600 years old. The environment is extremely cold with strong drying winds, so they are quickly freeze-dried after death and the lack of disturbance by carrion feeders gives the impression that the carcass is quite recent rather than ancient. They are the remains of seals, probably juveniles, that took a wrong turn to the sea, possibly mistaking the light glint of a distant glacier for the sea and heading that way until exhaustion, cold and starvation brought about their demise. The harsh environment both preserves and then slowly erodes them, the skeleton in the picture could have been where it is in exactly the place the seal died since the 1700's or earlier. More about mummified seals here. It's not the skeleton of a giant monster, it's the very old skeleton of an unfortunate inexperienced seal. Not a Ship Made of Ice by Nazis, Aliens or "Elites" "Ooh look that cloud looks a bit like a lion" - Headline - Giant Lion Found in Sky! We don't expect to see headlines like this but we do get a similar thing sometimes by people looking at relatively poor resolution satellite pictures of icebergs. Here's one that was in the news in 2020. Someone found an iceberg that looks a bit like a cruise liner which it does in a sort of children's toy-boat kind of way. You can see this on Google maps here at 66°54'00.0"S 163°13'00.0"E. The first thing to say is that as this is a satellite view, the "boat" would be on its side and in some significant distress. It does provide a nice example of how the sea shapes icebergs and what happens to them as they age and erode though. The berg has fairly recently tipped up due to some combination of differential erosion of the parts that were in and out of the water and also most probably with some degree of break up that have contributed to it becoming unbalanced and rolling over through 90 degrees so what was the horizontal water-line is now vertical. The line of "windows" is characteristic of erosion at the water line by waves over a period where the berg was stable, the rounded bottom of the "ship" shows smooth ripples caused by erosion beneath the sea surface before the berg turned over and the more angular "funnels" and "superstructure" are characteristic of above-sea erosion. Not an Alien Base Here's another perfectly explicable ice-berg that has been imagined into an "Alien Base", see it here at 72°43'13.5"S 78°40'21.6"W This ice berg has fairly recently tipped up 90 degrees and so we are looking at it in a satellite view as it would have been from sea-level before it tipped over with the added ability to see what was under water. We can tell the tip happened just recently as it the smooth formerly below sea regions haven't yet developed angular erosion consistent with being out of the sea for very long. 1 - The region that was above water that has been eroded by wind with marks of cracks and fissures as ice fell off. Between 1 and 2 - the wash and splash zone, this part was above the water level but has been washed smooth by waves similar to how waves at a beach wash the sand smooth in front of dunes or cliffs. 2, 3 and 4 - former sea-level lines where wave action has cut into the ice. This berg has shifted position because pieces will have fallen off and changed the balance, so altering how it floated leading to successive wave erosion lines and each new sea-level line. However it formed this shape and pattern though, it's obviously just a big lump of ice that has drifted up close to a small ice-shelf, the "connecting" part is small pieces of floating brash ice that extend along the front of the shelf. Quite possibly this brash is icy rubble formed when the berg partially broke up causing it to tip to a new stable position. It's not an alien base, it's a tipped up ice berg. Not a Crashed or Hidden UFO Have these people got nothing better to do with their time? I mean they spend hours searching vast areas of terrain looking for things they don't understand and then make stuff up about it. Then again I noticed an alien disguised as a house spying on me the other day so you can't be too careful. Left picture, you'll see this across the web being described as a crashed or hidden ufo, it's here at 66°16'24.1"S 100°59'04.8"E. It's a round pool of meltwater sitting above some ice it probably melted from surrounded by rock. The angle of the picture has it partly obscured by a nearby rock, but there isn't anything deliberately hidden about it. Zoom out a little to see exactly the same shade and texture of further meltwater pools, it's just that this one is a bit hidden and more perfectly circular so it makes for a better claim. Not a Crashed UFO Another sighting of a "crashed ufo" here at 80°34'08.4"S 30°05'19.3"W. It's that little dark streak at about 45 degrees in the middle of the picture that is the object in question. What was that? Yes I do mean that small nunatak, a rocky peak projecting from the surrounding ice with a clear wind-tail extending to the bottom left in line with the other wind-tails produced by the rest of the rocky outcrops. You're getting good at this, see we don't have to invoke some made-up garbage to explain common readily describable phenomena after all. It's not a crashed ufo, it's a rock. Still not a Crashed UFO Next up is a rock fall on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia, here at 54°39'44.6"S 36°11'42.5"W which some imagine might be a crashed ufo (they come all the way here, ended up in Antarctica and then crashed, doh!). To the top left are some similar but much shorter tracks from the same rock fall that caused one particular rock to roll much further than the others probably because it was bigger, rounder and happened to be on a course that took it straight down the slope. It's not a crashed ufo, it's a rock. But Its Must Be True And So Easy To See Now... So You Now Have A True List Tens Of Thousands Area's Black Out Or Blocked From You... So Everything You Are Not Suppose To See Is Blacked Out For You By U.S.A. Government And Google Earth To See Now. (So find a 1,000 yrs. old name or old city on a map... like a 1632 Tartaria map or Area 51 or Magnetic stone rupes nigra huge rock at north pole... if its blackout or blocked... The lore of Beyond the Ice Walls suggests the existence of a hidden and diverse world beyond Antarctica, challenging our perception of Earth's boundaries. Its Not A Conspiracy Theory Anymore Its True) Wow Its For Real Now. If Its Not Real ?... Why Is It Blocked or Blacked Out In The First Place For You Too See ? https://rumble.com/v3xj693-what-would-happen-if-the-earth-were-actually-flat-how-everything-works-on-e.html https://rumble.com/v2dm0zi-taboo-conspiracy-of-natures-true-flat-earth-real-time-40-schemes-from-n.a.s.html https://rumble.com/v2u3emu-flat-earth-21-questions-and-answers-proving-strangers-guide-and-course-flat.html https://rumble.com/v3e0jrw-sorry-antarctica-were-closed-our-hidden-flat-earth-this-area-is-as-big-as-u.html https://rumble.com/v2s6afk-stanley-kubrick-fake-apollo-11-moon-landing-was-a-hoax-by-the-u.s.a.-govern.html https://rumble.com/v3dm5uj-nasa-admits-fake-international-space-station-a-global-world-wide-satellite-.html https://rumble.com/v2pu5k6-flat-earth-vs.-round-earth-8-ways-life-would-get-weird-on-a-flat-earth-cons.html https://rumble.com/v2u2d94-proofs-earth-is-not-a-spinning-ball-what-the-hell-happened-200-times-collec.html https://rumble.com/v3depjq-nasa-admits-apollo-11-moon-landing-is-a-hoax-after-mentions-space-is-not-re.html https://rumble.com/v3tkujr-flat-earth-vs.-round-earth-vs.-black-knight-satellite-vs.-fermi-paradox-the.html https://rumble.com/v3e220t-magnetic-stone-rupes-nigra-huge-magnetic-rock-180km-in-diameter-at-north-po.html https://rumble.com/v3dxnnb-nasa-admits-to-best-fails-and-nasa-fraud-compilation-unrefuted-proof-of-wir.html https://rumble.com/v28uxtu-real-hyperborea-a-lost-land-on-ancient-maps-book-of-enoch-77-1-4-book-inven.html Hitler's Frozen Base The fact that an opinion has been widely held is no evidence whatever that it is not utterly absurd. - Bertrand Russell, 1872-1970 A wise man ... proportions his belief to the evidence - David Hume, 1711-1776 In the late 1930's, the Nazi's showed an interest in Antarctica and sent a expedition to survey a part of it and claim it for Germany, the claim was not continued but it sowed the seeds for a whole range of fantasies about secret things that might be going on. What really happened? Neuschwabenland A little known German expedition to Antarctica from the 17th of December 1938 to the 12th of April 1939 on the ship MS Schwabenland had the purpose of claiming an area now known as Dronning Maud Land mainly to protect the German whaling industry. This area however had been previously explored by Norway and was formally claimed by the Norwegians in January 1939 after the Germans had set sail. The Schwabenland was equipped with a steam catapult and two Dornier Wal flying boats which were used to photographically survey 600,000 square kilometres. About a dozen aluminium flags were dropped from the aircraft at turning points of flight polygons and others were left by foot expeditions, none of these have ever been recovered. The land surveyed was claimed by Germany in August 1939 as "Neuschwabenland" named from the ship. The outbreak of war prevented two further planned expeditions and the possible building of a base, though most probably to the other side of Antarctica in the Pacific sector away from the Norwegian claim, the claim was abandoned in 1945. There is no evidence of any further German activity in Antarctica during World War 2. U-530 and U-977 On the morning of the 10th of July 1945, the German U-boat U-530 arrived at the Argentine naval base at Mar del Plata near Buenos Aires, two months after the German surrender and the end of the war in Europe on the 8th of May 1945. Rumours spread that it had brought Hitler, Eva Braun, Martin Bormann and others and had landed them on the coast of Patagonia or Antarctica before reaching Mar del Plata. A week later a Hungarian exile in Argentina, Ladislas Szabo wrote a detailed account in a local newspaper of how Hitler and his entourage had supposedly escaped Germany. The story quickly spread worldwide and versions of it appeared in other newspapers in many countries. On the 17th of August, another U boat, U-977 also arrived at Mar del Plata, further fuelling speculation. The commanders of these U-boats and their crews were arrested and interrogated by naval personnel from Argentina, the USA and the UK, they all concluded that the arrivals were innocuous and the crews were released. Two years later in 1947, Szabo published a book "Hitler is Alive" where he claimed these two U-boats had taken fleeing senior Nazis to Antarctica as part of a submarine convoy, the commander of U-977 in particular, Heinz Schaeffer denied this but the rumour still spread. In another version of the story, it is Hitler's ashes that were taken to Antarctica and placed in a special ice-cave along with Nazi treasure. Szabo claimed a Nazi Antarctic base called "New Berchetesgaden" had been built in 1938-39, this idea has been taken up by several authors over the years often building on earlier embellishments with tales becoming ever more fantastical as time went on. The submarine convoy and the "New Berchetesgaden" base both first appear when described by Szabo, there is no reference to either before his publications, subsequent publications refer to what he initially described and there has never been any evidence of either. Secret British Wartime operations While the Germans were not active in Antarctica during the war, the British were. Great Britain had claimed the sector of Antarctica between 20°W and 80°W and to the South Pole in 1908, Argentina claimed pretty much the same section from the mid 1920's and so did Chile in 1940, Argentina and Chile were both friendly with Germany. From February 1944 Great Britain occupied the region of their claim to rebut the competing claims from Argentina and Chile under the guise of obtaining information about German shipping raiders and U-boats in the region. A number of permanently manned bases were established to this end each with a handful of personnel under Operation Tabarin. Much scientific data was collected during this time and after the war, work continued as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey which later became the British Antarctic Survey. Operations Highjump and Windmill Operation Highjump 1946-47 and Operation Windmill 1947-48 (the Antarctic summer seasons) were United States Navy operations with Highjump being the largest ever group to go to Antarctica consisting of 4,700 men, 13 ships and 33 aircraft. The main purpose was to prepare for and practice techniques for cold weather warfare in polar conditions while being diplomatically far away from the Arctic and Russia. It was primarily a military exercise with a number of other important objectives such as establishing a research station, investigating further potential base sites, extending the sovereignty of the Unites States to an extensive region of the continent, and surveying the electromagnetic, geological, hydrographical and other scientifically important aspects of the physical environment. Operation Windmill was a follow-up much smaller exercise the following year, an important part of which was to obtain ground references for the 70,000 aerial photographs taken during Highjump the previous year. Helicopters were used extensively, hence the name Windmill being given to the operation. Nuclear Explosions In August and September 1958, three nuclear explosions were detonated by the United States as part of Operation Argus over the South Atlantic between 38.5° and 49.5° south between 2,280 and 3,500km north of Antarctica to the southwest of South Africa. These were high altitude bursts and as might be expected at the time at the height of the Cold War were shrouded in secrecy, though they were reported soon afterwards in 1961. Contortions of the Truth and Invented Narratives As we have seen above, the evidence-free stories about a Nazi Base in Antarctica began within a week of a submarine turning up somewhere unexpected shortly after the Nazi surrender in 1945. The items I outline above are factual, though they have been used repeatedly as a scaffold to support all manner of fantasies that may or may not fit together. There are a number of narratives from several authors which follow similar patterns with some variations. The basic story is that a German base in Antarctica was established just before the war by the Schwabenland, this was expanded during the war being regularly supplied by submarine deliveries, it was used to develop sophisticated secret weapons. This base was spied on by the British who attempted unsuccessfully to destroy it in an SAS raid in 1945. Operation Highjump was sent to attack the base, though they were repulsed by secret weapons (flying saucers are often mentioned), then eventually the base was destroyed by nuclear bombs in 1958. By the time of its eventual destruction the base is often described as being populated by hundreds or even thousands of people and defended by a range of sophisticated weaponry including the flying saucers. Of course all of the stories claim that there has been suppression of facts and evidence by the British, Americans and anyone else you care to name, the lack of evidence is therefore presented implicitly as evidence. While a lack of evidence makes something much less likely, the absence of evidence is not the same as the evidence of absence. What follows is a short account of why the claims of a secret Nazi base are not only baseless (did you see what I did there?) but ridiculous. For a more in depth explanation and discussion, see: Summerhayes and Beeching, (2007) Polar Record 43 (224): 1-21. Hitler's Antarctic Base: The Myth and the Reality download here The Secret Nazi Antarctic Base Different authors claim different building times and locations of the supposed Nazi base, sometimes it is described as being in a warm ice-free oasis with lakes, sometimes pictures of other areas are misrepresented or just plain faked. While there are ice-free or relatively ice-free areas in Antarctica, they are not warm, the lack of ice is due to the prevailing winds and low snow deposition, not melting. The supposed warm ice-free caves under the ice/ground and source of geothermal energy to supply the base do not exist in Dronning-Maud Land, while there is geothermal and even volcanic activity in other parts of Antarctica, this area is particularly geothermally quiet. Time and logistics. The base described as first built in 1939 is usually described as being about 250km inland across a previously unexplored and unmapped, crevassed and sloping ice shelf. The ship Schwabenland was in the area for about a month. Previous Antarctic bases that had been established by Scott, Shackleton, Amundsen and others took at least two weeks to construct the base buildings. The Germans were inexperienced in such things and transport across 250km of uncharted ice field would have been difficult and time consuming even for the experienced. The Dornier aircraft had a payload equivalent of about 10 people and being flying boats were unable to land and take off safely on a glacier or ice cap so could not have been used for transport. There was simply not enough time or the resources to build a base so far inland in such a short space of time even to house just a dozen or so men as had happened previously let alone the hundreds imagined by authors who described the base. There have now been well over 1,000 scientists who have visited the area of Newschwabenland, several scientific bases have been established there since the 1950's, the whole area has been mapped by satellite and considerable air traffic has criss-crossed the area, none of this has led to the reporting of even the slightest evidence of a wartime Nazi base. As it was supposedly built in an ice-free oasis, it would not have been buried by snow. British Operation Tabarin There is a claim that the British set up a base called Maudheim-1 (there are no records) in Dronning Maud Land during the war to observe the apparent Nazi base, this was supposedly attacked by the Nazis in July 1945 followed by SAS led (failed) retaliatory attacks from October to December that year. While Operation Tabarin was a military led wartime mission and secret at the time, all records are in the public domain and no base was ever built in Dronning Maud Land, which as it is in the Norwegian claimed sector is as expected. The main purpose of Operation Tabarin was to establish a British scientific presence in the British claimed sector where all of the wartime bases were built. These bases were all tiny with a compliment of between 4 and 9 men. There was no SAS presence in Antarctica during the war. There were three de-mobbed ex-SAS men in the Falkland Islands in 1945-46 after the war who became involved in the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, the civilian development of Operation Tabarin seeing the possibility for a civilian adventure in Antarctica. The SAS had been disbanded in October 1945 and would not be reformed until 1948. A number of bases were established in and around the Antarctic Peninsula area from February 1944, each was very small and they were frequently visited by shipping during the summer months with personnel being changed over or moved to other locations. They would also often be closed down and another opened as more or less advantageous places to build a base were discovered by trial and error. This perfectly normal and explicable behaviour has been suggested as being somehow significant or mysterious, it isn't. U-530 and U-977 Did these U-boats visit Antarctica before turning up in Argentina two months after the end of the war in Europe? Interrogation reports of the crews of these two submarines showed that U-530 was off New York when the news reached them of the German capitulation on the 8th of May 1945, while U-977 was off the coast of Norway. U-977 put 16 men ashore who chose to go near Bergen, and then the rest of the crew (now reduced from the normal number) made their way to German-friendly Argentina. Both boats had to travel quite slowly to conserve fuel, they travelled on the surface at night and below the surface during the day to avoid capture, this slowed them down further. The time taken for them to reach Argentina is exactly within the travelling time and speeds they could make during their separate journeys. Embellished claims were made that the U-530 that turned up in Argentina was in fact a much faster and larger boat than the "real" U-530, as usual without any evidence, even to the point where the supposed performance was significantly beyond any U boat in service. June and July when the submarines were claimed to be in Antarctica are the depths of winter there. Winter storms, 24 hour darkness and a formidable skirt of seasonal sea-ice 1-2m thick before the continent is even reached prevent any shipping operating in the winter even today, let alone small 1940's submarines without any ice strengthening. Satellite data shows that this sea-ice in the Dronning-Maud Land region extends from the coast by about 500km in May and June and 1,665km in July. Then there is the presence of huge ice-bergs, the difficulties of under-ice navigation and a 250km crevasse strewn inland journey largely in the dark with winter temperatures of down to -50°C once the submarines had landed. There is no evidence whatsoever of a convoy of submarines that these two boats were supposedly part of, going to Antarctica or elsewhere. Operation Highjump It is claimed by several authors with no supporting evidence that the purpose of Operation Highjump (1946-47) was to destroy the supposed Nazi base in Dronning-Maud Land. Highjump was primarily a military rather scientific expedition, one of a number at the time designed to prepare for potential cold weather warfare in the Arctic, while being diplomatically far enough away from the Arctic and Russia. It was widely written about in the press at the time and accompanied by 11 journalists rather than being secret as was the British Operation Tabarin. Books published shortly afterwards were written by people on the expedition and an official report released later in 1947. Though classified as confidential and not made available to the general public, it was never classified as secret, there was nothing in the official report that was substantially different to the report about Operation Highjump in a National Geographic magazine issue in 1947. Operation Highjump was centered on Little America IV, a new base that was built as part of the activities. This was on the Ross Ice Shelf on the opposite part of the continent to Dronning-Maud Land which was at the extreme limit of the planned exploration area. The ships didn't leave the USA until late in the season, December the 2nd 1946, and arrived late to the Ross Sea after meeting a 1000km wide belt of pack ice. They unloaded supplies and materials for the Little America IV base on the 15th of January 1947 and left again as winter began to arrive on the 23rd of February 1947 to avoid damage to the ships that didn't have ice strengthening. They did not leave as claimed in some more fantastical descriptions because they were chased off by "secret weapons" or "flying saucers" from the Nazi base on the other side of the continent. A short summer season is usual in the Ross Sea region due to variable sea-ice and the relatively unpredictable advent of the Austral winter, the whole operation got off to a late start and the weather-forced early end was not unanticipated. Activities of all kinds in Antarctica are primarily dependent on the weather and sea-ice conditions rather than strict dates on the calendar. It was intended to last longer than it did, but still only weeks rather than many months as sometimes claimed. Atom Bombs The invented narrative says that in 1958, 3 nuclear bombs were used to destroy the Nazi base in Dronning-Maud Land. The reality is that they were high altitude test explosions for a particular purpose of potentially interfering with radar, radio and electronics of satellites and missiles. They were exploded between 2,280 and 3,500km north of Antarctica. Antarctica is a much studied environment in part because it is clean with virtually no pollution. Ice cores taken show peaks of radioactive fallout from 1950's and 60's nuclear tests thousands of km away in chronological order as they are trapped within seasonal snowfall and accumulation and so recorded. Nuclear explosions directly over Dronning-Maud Land in 1958 would show dramatic peaks of radio isotopes if they happened, no such evidence has ever been found in any ice cores taken. 1958 was part of the International Geophysical Year when there was great international co-operation to study the polar regions including the establishment of many temporary and permanent scientific bases. At this time there were Belgian, British, Japanese and Norwegian scientists living on newly established bases in the area, nuclear explosions would have been noticed and reported. Conclusions Has this analysis been a sledge hammer to crack a nut? Any sensible minded person wouldn't give the Nazi Antarctic base fantasy the time of day. The time it has taken me to write this page or for Messers. Summerhayes and Beeching to research and write their excellent paper debunking the ideas formally is arguably beyond what the effort is worth. After all, anyone who might consider such things as true is probably not going to bother reading a detailed analysis about why they can't possibly be so. It is however satisfying to be able to address each particular claimed fantasy element as demonstrably false. Quite often when presented with conspiracy theories with ridiculous and baseless claims we suspect that such a task could be undertaken, though the time taken can be onerous and so it generally doesn't happen. Here is one that shows what can be done with what has been a widespread and enduring fantasy over the years. "One fool can ask more questions than seven wise men can answer." Thanks !

Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. A Must See Video What On Earth Happened Parts (14) All 13 Parts Together Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. 0:00 - Part One: "Turning Inwards" 7:19 - Part Two: "Of Maps and Magicians" 34:40 - Part Three: "Flattening the Curve" 57:16 - Part Four: "Vanishing Points & the Old Clock" 1:21:34 - Part Five: "The Red Shield" 1:47:28 - Part Six: "Infiltration Instead of Invasion" 2:11:36 - Part Seven: "Eyes Wide Open" 3:01:55 - Part Eight: "The Looking Glass" 3:59:06 - Part Nine: "Panic" 4:37:30 - Part Ten: "The Energetic Earth" 5:24:53 - Part Eleven: "The Bumblebee & the Hexagon" 6:07:37 - Part Twelve: "Stranger than Fiction" 7:04:43 - Part Thirteen: "Down the Rabbit Hole" A Must See Video Everyone - All 13 Parts - What On Earth Happened ? (1) Turning Inwards (2) Of Maps and Magicians (3) Flattening the Curve (4) Vanishing Points and The Old Clock (5) The Red Shield (6) Infiltration Instead of Invasion (7) Eyes Wide Open (8) The Looking Glass (9) Panic ! (10) The Energetic Earth (11) The Bumblebee and The Hexagon (12) Stranger Than Fiction (13) Down The Rabbit Hole (14) All 13 Parts Together - Nice Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. A Must See Video Everyone - All 14 Parts - What On Earth Happened ? – Links Below ! https://rumble.com/v27xg2j-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-1turning-inwards.html https://rumble.com/v27xjm4-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-2ofmapsandmagicians.html https://rumble.com/v27xnav-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-3flattening-thecurve.html https://rumble.com/v27xqt0-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-4vanishing-pointsand-the-oldc.html https://rumble.com/v27xv72-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-5thered-shield.html https://rumble.com/v27y144-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-6infiltrationinstead-ofinvasi.html https://rumble.com/v27y5mw-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-7eyes-wide-open.html https://rumble.com/v27y9ri-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-8thelooking-glass.html https://rumble.com/v27yfhm-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-9panic-a-must-see-video.html https://rumble.com/v27yjdm-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-10theenergetic-earth.html https://rumble.com/v27ymp1-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-11the-bumblebee-and-thehexago.html https://rumble.com/v27yswn-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-12stranger-than-fiction.html https://rumble.com/v27ziz7-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-13down-therabbit-hole.html https://rumble.com/v2b2zqq-a-must-see-video-what-on-earth-happened-parts-14-all-13-parts-together-woeh.html Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. Everything we were taught about the Earth, History, Science, Space, Energy and our Civilization was a lie. This mind blowing documentary will shift your perspective of the world monumentally. 00:00:00 - Episode 1: Questioning His-story 00:13:25 - Episode 2: A Lens Into The Past 00:38:28 - Episode 3: Inheritors Of Mud & Magnificence 01:19:19 - Episode 4: Back To The Future 02:15:38 - Episode 5: The Whispering Of The Water 03:27:28 - Episode 6: Offerus And The Alchemist 04:31:57 - Episode 7: The Known World The Lost History of Earth (Ewaranon) W0W - A Must See Video Lost Earth Episode 1: Questioning His-story Episode 2: A Lens Into The Past Episode 3: Inheritors Of Mud & Magnificence Episode 4: Back To The Future Episode 5: The Whispering Of The Water Episode 6: Offer us And The Alchemist Episode 7: The Known World Episode 8: All 7 Parts History Of A Lost Earth Maybe the History we've been told is a lie! Were some ancient buildings built by a different race and their true history was covered up? Did ancient peoples have advanced forms of technology that have now been forgotten? Was the massive kingdom of Tartaria visible on ancient maps much more advanced than we realize? This sub is an open forum for collaborative discussion of all topics "Tartaria" related, including Mud Flood, Tesla, AntiquiTech, Free Energy, Conspiracies, Hidden History, etc. I wonder if this video has been posted here before? If yes, then i am not sorry for posting it again, because its just one helluva epic video. If not, I highly recommend watching it if you are interested in perhaps how Tartarian technology worked. Its made by a guy who calls himself Ewaranon. Its put well together with a lot of great evidence, theories and findings of multiple topics. Its a long watch, I agree.....but its divided into several chapters. I recommend watching the first 20 or 30 min and see if it interests/sparks you. It sure got my attention as Ewaranon points out a lot of strange stuff in our world....and the narrative we know from history books. I am still thinking about all the stuff he said and points out to us. As its a lot to deal with and can shake one up. I find it fascinating though. But the tip of the iceberg is that this video also perhaps has the only real video footage of Tartarian technology. At one point he explains how Cathedrals and other old buildings really work, as in that they are energy generators. And after his explanation he shows footage of them and some other buildings in action. Fully electrified and radiating with a lot of light. The Lost History of Earth (Ewaranon) W0W - A Must See Video Lost Earth – Links Below ! https://rumble.com/v28afys-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-1-buried-in-plain-sight-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28ahvo-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-2-lens-into-the-past-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28alqa-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-3-inheritors-of-mud-and-magnificense-lost-histor.html https://rumble.com/v28aobw-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-4-back-to-the-future-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28arc8-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-5-whispering-of-the-water-lost-history-of-earth.html https://rumble.com/v28av42-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-6-offer-us-and-the-alchemist-lost-history-of-ear.html https://rumble.com/v28axuo-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-7-the-known-world-lost-history-of-earth-w0w.html https://rumble.com/v28b4q6-a-must-see-video-lhfe-part-8-history-of-a-lost-earth-all-7-parts-together-l.html Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. The Secret Life of Symbols with Jordan Maxwell Knowledge of the Heavens, Life on Earth https://rumble.com/v28wyns-the-secret-life-of-symbols-with-jordan-maxwell-knowledge-of-the-heavens-lif.html Secret Life of Symbols Start with 00:00:00 World of the Occult 00:36:02 Solar Worship 01:09:26 Mazzaroth - Ordinances of Heaven 01:37:29 Creating Man in Our Image 02:11:45 Solomon’s Temple & The Ark 02:53:31 Secret Legacy of Moses 03:25:52 Saturn and Secret Societies 03:55:07 Secrets of the Dollar 04:15:03 Incorporating America 04:42:21 Dawn of a New Day Secret symbols have long been used to convey occult teachings and esoteric knowledge of the heavens, life on Earth and the meaning to our existence. For millennia, these secrets were kept by the elite, for their own benefit. By decoding ancient scriptures and symbols, we gain a new perspective of the clandestine forces which have guided human civilization through the ages. All around us are the secrets we seek to revealing our connection to the universe and unlock the deepest truths of human destiny. In this ground-breaking series, Jordan Maxwell discloses what he has come to understand concerning the mysteries hidden in the secret life of symbols, that you were never intended to know. This knowledge frees us from the ties that have long bound us to a secret agenda controlling the course of human evolution. Welcome To New World Order Year Zero – What If Everything You Were Taught Was A Lie? All Info. shared for non-race and historical purposes to educate, elevate, entertain, enlighten, and empower through old and new film and document allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. As with the other video, this is not monetized by me, and now I understand it's not monetized by ewar either. He's using music that has copyrights, a lot of it, which is ok as the original composers are getting some well deserved backpay on these pieces :). Anyway, there is no money or incentive here just in-form-at-ion. Secrets in Plain Sight - Volume Secrets Inside of Everyday Objects Top Documentary Films https://rumble.com/v29m63a-secrets-in-plain-sight-volume-secrets-inside-of-everyday-objects-top-docume.html Secrets in Plain Sight is an awe inspiring exploration of great art, architecture, and urban design which skillfully unveils an unlikely intersection of geometry, politics, numerical philosophy, religious mysticism, new physics, music, astronomy, and world history. See how profound ancient knowledge inherited from Egypt has been encoded in units of measurement, in famous works of art, in the design of major buildings, in the layout of city streets and public spaces, and in the precise placement of obelisks and other important monuments upon the Earth. The viewer is led to perceive an elegant harmonic system linking the human body with the architectural, urban, planetary, solar, and galactic scales. Exploring key monuments and their positions in Egypt, Stonehenge, Jerusalem, Rome, Paris, London, Edinburgh, Washington DC, New York, and San Francisco brings to light a secret obsession shared by pharaohs, philosophers and kings; templars and freemasons; great artists and architects; popes and presidents, spanning the whole of recorded history up to the present time. As the series of videos reveals how profound ancient knowledge inherited from Egypt has been encoded in units of measurement, in famous works of art, in the design of major buildings, in the layout of city streets and public spaces, and in the precise placement of obelisks and other important monuments upon the Earth, the viewer is led to perceive an elegant harmonic system linking the human body with the architectural, urban, planetary, solar, and galactic scales. Alien Origin of Chinese People and Astonishing Evidence of Lost Chinese Tartaria Civilization https://rumble.com/v2b3zsi-alien-origin-of-chinese-people-and-astonishing-evidence-of-lost-chinese-tar.html Alien Origin of Chinese People Napoleon said” When all the Chinese people jumps at the same time, the whole world will shake”. I am a Chinese. The more I studied about Chinese civilization, the more I recognized its uniqueness, very different from those Indo-European cultures. I hereby give a very shocking hypothesis about the origin of Chinese people. Chinese people developed from a hybrid of alien giants with early earth people living in Northern China after a 300 year war with another alien species from the Neflilm as mentioned in works by Zecharia Sitchin. According to research by Van Flandern, an explosion of a missing planet between Mars and Jupiter occurred 3 million years ago. This explosion was caused by use of space plasma weapons. More importantly, Dr. Joseph Farrell postulated that there were intelligent human like beings in this planet. They were of much larger size and heavier skeleton to support the higher gravity in the planet. The shape of a plasma ray was like a thunderbolt weapon in some ancient mythologies; Greek God Zeus, Hindu God Indra and Babylonian God Ninurtra all each holds a divine thunderbolt weapon in the hand. However, I cannot find any similar one in Chinese mythology. My first guess is that the alien species which destroyed the planet was the ancestor of those people from the 12th planet in Stichin’s works. During this interplanetary war, the Anunnaki ancestors did not conquer earth. On the other hand, some of the surviving beings from destroyed planet escaped to earth, possibly landed on the regions near Northern China like Mongolia. Most importantly, this explosion triggered the successive phases of ice ages which retarded any evolutionary progress in the earth. These giant species continued to survive in earth but their size became smaller over time to cope or used genetic engineering for adapting to the new living conditions. Any way, they did not interfere with the natural evolutional change in earth. Another speculation was that they freezed their bodies for million year until the end of ice ages. About 450,000 years ago, the descendants of those species destroyed giant aliens came back in the Twelfth Planet that was also described in Genesis of Holy bible. The earth was still in ice age. Giant aliens had inhabited in earth for more than 2.5 million years. Sitchin said that these 12th planet aliens landed in Middle East according to Sumerian Texts. I have reservation and think that the so called Aryans were indeed hybrids created by Nerfilm aliens in the Arctic region. According to some esoteric texts and scientific researches, the Aryans originated in the north pole of earth and later dispersed to India, Persia, North Africa and even Europe. These Aryans were nurtured by super beings, possibly by Twelfth planet aliens. Strangely, these Aryans did not travel eastwards to China and East Asia. Why? Perhaps China mainland had already been guarded by giant aliens so that these Aryans found it difficult to conquer China. The Garden of Eden was only one of the episodes in the landing history. My version totally reconciled with Sitchin’s theory. According to recent research in North China and Siberia Oracle, alien army enslaved Chinese ancient people to build the pyramids. In mural display, a group of beings dressed in leather armor, 12 foot tall, red haired, helped the people to fight those alien invaders. Also, Sitchin said two northern China and Mongolia’s Copi Dessert has encountered serious air pollution and nuclear war. ( Pre historic nuclear war in ancient India is another topic. People interested in this can do more study. ) The invaders came from 12th Planet while the giant aliens were descendants surviving the cosmic war 3 million years ago. I listed three related facts to support alien origin of Chinese People. In 1988, the first DNA sample of in an alien abduction case in Australia were sent for analysis. The result was surprising. The DNA structure resembles Chinese persons with black hair. Secondly, Chinese language is totally different from Indo-European languages like Indian, European, Arab, etc. It is more akin to Mongolian. It further suggests that Chinese people were not related to any bloodline of Aryans. The third evidence was proposed by Chinese UFO researcher Lee Wai Tung. There were 3 very mysterious ancient texts that could not be attributed to any philosophical school like Confucianism or Taoism. They are, Book of Changes (易經), Inner Cannon of Hwangdi(黃帝內經) , and Classic of Mountains and Seas(山海經). Inner Cannon is the oldest source of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The acupuncture point and meridian system mentioned in the test are unique in the world. It was not developed from any later philosophical schools in ancient China. The biological system under traditional Chinese Medicine might be the knowledge inherited from alien species according to Lee Wai Tung. Human intelligence could not have achieved such sophisticated standard about human body in ancient world. Finally, I want to tell readers the mythological origin of Chinese people. Most Chinese believe that the name of their ancestor is Fuxi (伏羲). His mother was a virgin. One day when her mother stepped into a big foot step left by the Thunder God, she was pregnant for twelve years before Fuxi was born. Thunder God might be a giant alien while Fuxi was a hybrid made from genetic manipulation. In conclusion, this hypothesis is both shocking and dangerous. It helps to explain why China has developed a totally different and to a certain extent opposite civilization from Indo-Europeans. Further, is the 12th Planet and the Giant Aliens fighting a proxy war in earth by means of East-West rivalry on earth? Who knows? Hello Everyone My Rumble Channel Name is TheRealOriginoftheWorld and or Rumble Acct. I HAVE UP NOW 360+ VIDEO A MUST SEE VIDEO at WHAT IF EVERYTHING YOU WERE TAUGHT WAS A LIE? and My User Name is NewWorldOrderYear0 or WelcomeToNewWorldOrderYear0 or NewWorldOrderYearZero Hello Everyone from Nanning, China – My Name is WindyLina WestLaw 有風 麗娜 韋斯特勞 I'am from Tartaria and Now in Nanning China born Aug.1960 – 大家好我是來自中國南寧的 WindyLina Inside the ‘Tartarian Empire,’ of a bizarre conspiracy theory argue that everything you know about the history of architecture is wrong. The Chicago World's Fair of 1893 Believers in the “Tartaria” conspiracy theory are convinced that the elaborate temporary fairgrounds built for events like the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco in 1915 were really the ancient capital cities of a fictional empire. Nanning is located in the southern part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 160 km (99 mi) from the border with Vietnam. It has an administrative area of 22,293 km 2 (8,607 sq mi). Nanning is situated in a hilly basin with elevations between 70 and 500 m (230 and 1,640 ft) above sea-level. United States Military and American Genocide A Brutal and Savage Massacre History https://rumble.com/v2bsonc-united-states-military-and-american-genocide-a-brutal-and-savage-massacre-h.html As a teen, I talked to my American great great grandfather as he shared good history and bad horrifying stories of 2 great wars and other small war and old massacre of his family and friends and other with story of genocide etc. Within the past years, I have stood amidst human remains in the killing fields of Cambodia, at a mass grave where hundreds of thousands are buried all over the world, at memorials in Germany and Poland to the millions killed in the Holocaust, and in the streets of new world order where the scars of ethnic cleansing remain. At each of these sites, I asked myself, “What were the conditions that led to these horrific moments in human world history ?” Mass atrocity and genocide targeting particular groups for oppression or extinction requires a set of preconditions that dehumanize people and legitimize their abuse. In every example of genocide, including the systemic massacre of Native Americans and Indigenous peoples and the enslavement of Africans by Africans, by whites and other world governments first carried out a systematic propaganda campaign. The rhetoric that preceded these atrocities spread hatred and bigotry, dividing society into an “us” threatened by the very existence of a “them.” These politics of dehumanization and division were strategies employed in the Holocaust, in the genocides in Armenia, the Balkans, Cambodia, and Rwanda, in the colonization of India and South America, during apartheid in South Africa, and, today, in Darfur, and against the Yezidis as well as other ethnic and religious minorities in Iraq and Syria. These examples illustrate the extent to which power-obsessed leaders will go to gain and hold power. Within the past two years, the new world order campaign/administration has employed these same tactics to seize power in the United States and other area, using dehumanizing rhetoric against Asians, Whites, Muslims, Immigrants, Women, Jews, Mexicans, African-Americans, Latinos/as, the LGBT community, the Pope, the press, the United Nations, intellectuals, educators, environmentalists, political opponents, comedians, and others. new world order and other associates have used the discredited rhetoric of the “Clash of Civilizations” to frighten Americans into believing their lives are threatened by those “others” who look or pray or talk differently than they do. They have manipulated the grief of white-black-brown-yellow Americans disillusioned by their failure to achieve the American dream, whipping up a frenzy of fear and hatred of targeted “others” through propaganda machines masquerading and false news sources. This was also the situation in the world, in the other county, in Cambodia, in Germany and Poland, and in Rwanda before the killing started. I imagine it was also hard for people in those countries to believe that such rhetoric would lead to the horrors that followed. At the Genocide Memorial, my Tartaria friend who had witnessed her husband and children and nearly a million fellow people murdered in the chaos of homicidal rage asked me, “How could a country as great old America can be, where people from all over the world have come to live together, select such a new world order leader? He is saying the same things world leaders said before the genocide began.” I do not know what lies in the hearts of members of the new world order administration. I am sure that there are good and honorable people there. But I do know that the rhetoric and the strategies being employed - especially by the good and bas President in the past- fulfill the criteria necessary to prepare the ground for mass atrocity and even genocide. If we fail to stop it, America may be the next exhibit in the Genocide Memorial in the new world order. It will tell the story of a despotic leader who sowed seeds of fear and hate, inciting extremist groups to violent action against fellow citizens. And how the new government promoted division, silenced voices of dissent, attacked the false press, eroded human rights, and ultimately set the stage for horrible atrocities which future historians will call the Great American Genocide from 1776 to 2023 Now. The National Archives and Records Administration’s primary mission is to provide access to the records in our control. We recognize that these records are of incalculable value to people looking to understand their history, seek out evidence, and document rights. That value, though, also makes them targets for theft. Earlier this year, our staff and the Office of Inspector General discovered that artifacts and documents had been stolen from World War II military records. On June 9, 2017, investigators executed a search warrant at the residence of a researcher and historian, Antonin DeHays. There they found and recovered identification tags and other documents stolen from National Archives at College Park, Maryland. I appreciate the efforts of our Office of Inspector General and the National Archives staff who have been assisting them and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for their efforts in this ongoing investigation. The Acting United States Attorney for the District of Maryland filed a federal criminal complaint against DeHays on June 13, 2017. If convicted of the theft of government records, DeHays faces a maximum sentence of 10 years in prison. DeHays had repeatedly visited the National Archives over an extended period and stole ID tags and documents of U.S. servicemen whose airplanes had crashed during World War II. DeHays sold the stolen tags, often called dog tags, and in one case even traded a tag assigned to a Tuskegee Airman to a museum in exchange for a chance to sit in a Spitfire aircraft. The records DeHays pilfered were created during World War II by the German military. When Allied airmen crashed into Nazi-occupied territory in Europe, the Germans recovered the tags of deceased airmen and confiscated dog tags from airmen who survived the crashes. They then placed those tags into files with downed Allied aircraft reports. Allied forces seized these records at the end of the war, and the U.S. Army transferred them to the National Archives in 1958. That the records stolen were so personal to the deceased servicemen is especially distasteful. Long after their years of service, veterans often hold on to their military ID tags as mementos. I keep one of my own Navy tags with me on my keychain to this day. The theft of our history should anger any citizen, but as a veteran I am shocked at allegations that a historian would show such disregard for records and artifacts documenting those captured or killed in World War II. In 1955, Archivist Wayne C. Grover signed the Archivist's Code to guide National Archives staff in making professional decisions. In it, he states “The Archivist must be watchful in protecting the integrity of records in his custody. He must guard them against defacement, alteration, or theft….” He goes on to say “The Archivist should endeavor to promote access to records to the fullest extent consistent with the public interest, but he should carefully observe any established policies restricting the use of records.” There is a fine balancing act we all must face in this profession between protection and access to the records. As I have stated since I became Archivist of the United States, the security of the holdings of the National Archives is my highest priority. Any theft of our nation’s records is an irreplaceable loss. We safeguard those records in many ways, but it all begins with our shared commitment to security. Although we have heightened security around our holdings in recent years and have implemented a number of measures to deter theft, this latest incident underlines the constant threat posed to our holdings and the importance of our commitment to holdings protection. Orwellian Dystopia Both Side's Are Wrong Answer To Extremism Isn’t More Extremism https://rumble.com/v2bngfk-orwellian-dystopia-both-sides-are-wrong-answer-to-extremism-isnt-more-extre.html America’s left and right are radicalizing each other, and the precedents from overseas are deeply unsettling. It’s all politics. And it still is, for those who really listen close. It’s why we need to flip the script and tell the real story of what happened in 1948 and 1964. I also believe America needs to echo, once again, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s dream and “look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” That’s what made America great…and will make America great again. It’s known as “The Big Switch.” That’s when Southern Democrat politicians converted to Republicanism and refashioned the G.O.P. into a racist political party. Orwell's "1984" has been quoted left and right, for years, but the reality that we currently live in has never resembled the dystopia that the author describes in his best-known novel as much as it does today. We are voluntarily giving up our privacy. We are forced to use it as a currency. That has never been the case before, but today it is. It is almost impossible to function in today's world without giving up your privacy or rather having it invaded by a corporation or a government. The internet has, clearly, played a huge part in this. It may have brought us closer, but it has also brought governments and corporations closer to us, practically invited them into our homes and minds. "Both rely on the existence of a technological system with the capacity to monitor every citizen’s actions and words.” Meanwhile, governments all over the world, including the United States, are installing more mass surveillance, further invading little what's left of their citizen's privacy. We have been conditioned to feel OK about giving up our privacy (after all, don't they want to "protect" us from terrorism?), but governments and corporations use this information in countless ways. For example, Google's and Facebook's sophisticated algorithms are capable of profiling you to such an extent, that serving highly targeted advertisements and propaganda is a fully automated process. You can even test this yourself -- try looking for something specific to buy and see what type of ads Facebook serves you. Is there any way to combat this? Saying "I have nothing to hide" and allowing the government to spy on you is like claiming you have nothing to say and allowing the government to take away your right to freedom of speech. The 30-something author documented how the Democratic Party–known for its historic racism–split in 1948 when Harry S. Truman (D-MO) first “introduced a pro-civil rights platform” into the Democratic Party. Strom Thurmond (D-SC) and a faction of Southern Democrats, consequently, bolted from Democrats to create the “States Rights” (Dixiecrat) party. The author then states these Dixiecrats eventually converted to Republicanism–along with Thurmond–in 1964. Later, Nixon’s “southern strategy” and Reagan’s conservatism moved the Democratic “blue” South to become a firm “red” Republican in the 1970s and 1980s. Today, Democrats routinely finger Republicans as “racists,” pointing to occasional neo-Nazi politicians (David Duke, a one-term Louisiana state legislator), obscure racist organizations (Patriot Front) and Confederate flag-waving MAGA types. In fact, just wearing a MAGA hat is considered “racist” by many individuals on the left. It’s a strong and divisive narrative…but what’s the TRUTH? First of all, the “Dixiecrats,” under Strom Thurmond in 1948), did leave the Democratic Party…but for reasons more than racial. The Truman Administration–following sixteen years of Franklin D. Roosevelt–further desired to federalize and centralize government. The Southern Thurmond “Dixiecrats” believed in traditional “states’ rights” and segregation. The Northern and Western Democratic Party in the 1930s and 1940s was more “progressive” politically. President Roosevelt’s fascination with the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and fascist government programs in Europe guided many of his domestic policies. Consequently, the 1948 Truman-Democratic platform reflected more centralized and socialist government, thus angering and distancing Southern libertarians. That’s what really split the Democratic Party in 1948. In fact, in a platform that boasted 4,256 words only 106 (2.4%) were even devoted to civil rights (for the black or anyone else). Even more surprisingly was how the party of slavery, segregation, Ku Klux Klan and Confederate secession was quick to pat itself on the back in 1948. In their summary on civil rights the Democratic Party actually claimed it alone was “responsible for the great civil rights gains” and committed to “continuing its efforts to eradicate all racial, religious and economic discrimination.” However, such 1940s political posturing is contradicted by a Jim Crow Democratic South that still lynched blacks, refused school, hotel, restaurant, transportation and restroom facilities to “coloreds” and rigged voting procedures to suppress the black ballot. Therefore, it’s hard to believe “great gains” were actually made by Democrats. Harry Truman was allegedly an inactive participant in the Missouri KKK, and biographers often noted his latent racism against blacks, Jews, Chinese and Japanese throughout his life. Meanwhile Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated a KKK member to the Supreme Court (Hugo Black), put Japanese-Americans into detention camps and refused to welcome black Olympians—including the famed Jesse Owens—to the White House. The Dixiecrat exodus was, again, more about progressive, fascist, socialism than segregation and black civil rights. In the end, despite predictions of a Thomas Dewey victory, the Dixiecrat exodus produced little gain. Truman won the ’48 presidency in a landslide electoral college vote while the Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond mustered an inconsequential 2.4% of the popular vote. Secondly, the Dixiecrats did NOT convert to Republicanism in 1964 (after Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act) as many historians and journalists now suggest. In fact, most of these racist libertarians returned to the Democratic Party after 1948 and became a significant voting block against civil rights and desegregation throughout the 1950s and early 1960s. According to one historical analysis, of the 1500+ racist “Dixiecrats” only Strom Thurmond and about a dozen others left the Democratic Party for the GOP (less than 1%). Furthermore, Thurmond didn’t switch parties until 16 years after Truman forced him to create his “Dixiecrat” party. Thirdly, Southern whites (the people, not the politicians) did vote more REPUBLICAN in post-1965 elections, but not for racial reasons. Again, the Democratic Party was moving left, toward socialism, nonreligious/atheism and adopting liberal planks on abortion, women and gay rights. The Bible Belt South in the 1970s and 1980s became less racist as de-segregation and civil rights laws were enforced. Consequently, immigration to southern cities (Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Nashville, Charlotte) by northern and western GOP conservatives rearranged the voting demographic. Southerners are more conservative and that’s why dozens of Democrats switched parties. Did you know notable Republicans Trent Lott, Mike Pence, William Bennett and Rick Perry were all previously Democrat? It’s true. And race was not the reason they switched affiliations…it was due to liberal/socialist policies. Finally, the Republican Party and its leaders have consistently denounced and resisted the “alt right” ultra-conservative racist organizations. It’s why these racists formed their own political party in 2009 (The American Freedom Party). Republicans, historically, have always championed civil rights for the black and all ethnicities. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed thanks to widespread Republican support (who had proposed similar legislation in the Eisenhower administration). All Southern Democrats (including those Dixiecrats) voted against it. Oh, and David Duke? He only identified as Republican when politically expedient. Otherwise, he’s been in the Democrat, Populist or Reformed camp. Maybe instead of looking at the anomaly of Strom Thurmond, we should investigate the political expediency of another Democrat: Robert C. Byrd (D-WV) who spent 62 years in public office. Byrd served for over half a century at the national level, as a Representative and, later, a powerful Senator. Byrd died in office (2010) at the ripe age of 92. Hillary Clinton called Byrd a “friend and mentor.” Barack Obama noted how “the arc of his life bent toward justice.” The press gave him a blessed pass. That’s because Robert Byrd proved a quintessential post-WW2 Democrat. Originally a member and leader of the Ku Klux Klan in West Virginia (an affiliation he later disavowed), Byrd refused to fight in World War 2 because it meant serving alongside blacks. He routinely voted with other segregationists in the 1950s. As a senator, Byrd filibustered and voted against the 1964 Civil Rights Act. He abstained his vote for the 1965 Voting Act. He also voted against the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall, the first black Supreme Court justice. This same Robert Byrd then politically transformed from a known racist to a beloved mentor. How? Simple. He towed the party line…for nearly 57 years! It’s possible to argue Byrd didn’t lose his racism but rather, like most good politicians, shelved it. He enjoyed his power and position. It wasn’t the first time Byrd did what was necessary. In fact, the whole reason Byrd initially joined the KKK was for “political power.” To his credit, he did leave the organization, but still it showed Byrd to be a political opportunist. Once in national office, at least until 1967 (when being a segregationist went out of fashion), he retained his racist roots. Byrd told a reporter: “Don’t get that albatross [the KKK] around your neck. Once you’ve made that mistake, you inhibit your operations in the political arena.” There is a website that I frequent because it puts up a lot of interesting information in fun graphs, infographics and pictures. Information is Beautiful posts a wide range of topics from China’s censorship to illegal drugs. The following image is from their “Left vs Right (World)” post, outlining the basic gist of the left-wing and right-wing political ideologies. There is only so much that you can include in a diagram trying to distinguish the political left from right. This is a generic point to start understanding the main differences between the two sides but we need to keep in mind that there are many degrees of variation on political views (even within the same one). This diagram makes the right-wing way of thinking to be completely cold, calculated and rational, while the left-wing ideas promote more positive views on humanity. While it is true that the right-wing tends to support war, morals and discipline, it should be understood that left-wing can have corruption, discipline and rules. And what about the people that do not fall strictly into one wing or another? When I was younger and just beginning to learn about political terms and ideas, I was massively confused. What the media taught me was that (I watched a lot of US politics on TV) you are either left or right. There I stood, utterly confused at how I could possibly believe in personal and economic freedom supported by a minimal government role in each aspect. For example, on this graph, I agree with the leftist thought of being progressive and supporting personal freedom. However, I also believe in the right wing ideals of non-interference in society, low taxes, and economic freedom. Yet, I do not believe in organized religion and I fully support gay and abortion rights. What this diagram shows is that many of us are still stuck in a dichotomous way of thinking, when there are eons of possibilities for a political perspective. Left and right are the most basic division in politics but that should not encourage or pressure people to conform to simply one side or another. I love Information and is infographics hold a special place in my heart for their ability to effectively convey information in appealing and efficient ways. In response to the point you make, I agree that we seem to have been protected from the possible existence of ambivalence in political views as if it were some sort of secret. It feels a little strange to say that it is for the public’s best interest, but that’s sort of what I’m arguing. The left – right divide may not so much serve as dichotomous camps that we must choose between, rather they serve as a simplified roadmap to guide the less politically aware public. What will determine where you place yourself will depend on how much weight you give to specific topics. It’s generally accepted that the citizenship will not know about where they stand on each individual issue, so by using this shortcut they can hopefully make an educated guess that will eventually serve them well.