The Epic of Gilgamesh, Ancient Legacies from Mesopotamia
Welcome, dear enthusiasts of mythology! It's evident that your curiosity has drawn you to this captivating journey through the realms of history, mythology, and legend. From Hercules and Jason to Ulysses and Achilles, Perseus and Roland, Arthur and Merlin, Joan of Arc to Mulan, these extraordinary tales have etched their mark on our collective imagination for generations.
But what if I unveiled a written epic, not passed down through oral tradition, yet so ancient that it predates the Iliad, the Odyssey, and even the Bible? This is the Epic of Gilgamesh, a saga that profoundly shaped the thinking of ancient Mesopotamians for nearly two millennia. It's the story of Gilgamesh, the formidable king of the Sumerian city of Uruk.
00:00 - Introduction
01:03 - The Story of Gilgamesh
04:34 - Archaeological Discoveries
06:27 - Chronology of Mesopotamia
11:00 - Historical Character of Gilgamesh
14:11 - The Story's Impact and Influence on Subsequent Periods
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#archaeology #Mesopotamia #mythology #myths #Gilgamesh #Enkidu #history
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Why most Roman emperors were called Caesar?
Hi, dear viewers.
In this episode, we'll discuss why most Roman emperors were called Caesar and where this name originated.
It all started in 44 BC with the death of the renowned Gaius Julius Caesar, more commonly known as Julius Caesar. Despite his legendary status, Caesar was never an emperor but held the title of imperator, or war chief.
His extraordinary life and accomplishments have solidified his legendary status even today.
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#history #caesar #roman_empire #Roman_history
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Effects of Creatine supplementation on predominantly anaerobic and aerobic exercises
Creatine is an organic compound with the nominal formula (H2N)(HN)CN(CH3)CH2CO2H. It exists in various tautomers in solutions (among which are neutral form and various zwitterionic forms). Creatine is found in vertebrates where it facilitates recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), primarily in muscle and brain tissue. Recycling is achieved by converting adenosine diphosphate (ADP) back to ATP via donation of phosphate groups. Creatine also acts as a buffer.
Creatine has shown neuromuscular performance-enhancing properties during short bouts of predominantly intermittent exercise.
Bazzucch et al. in their study, observed improved neuromuscular function of the elbow flexors in both electrically induced and voluntary contractions in young, moderately trained men, but not in endurance performance after 4 loading doses of 5 g creatine plus 15 g maltodextrin for 5 days.
Creatine supplementation has been shown to be more effective, primarily in anaerobic intermittent exercise, but there is some evidence of positive effects on endurance activity. Endurance activity over 150 seconds relies on oxidative phosphorylation as the primary energy source.
In this video you will see this topics:
Effects of creatine supplementation on predominantly anaerobic exercise;
Effects of creatine on anaerobic exercise;
Effects of creatine on excercise;
Effects of Creatin on high-intensity exercise;
The effect of creatine supplementation on multiple high-intensity short-term exercise sessions;
The effect of Creatine on anaerobic endurance exercise;
Effect of Creatin on intermittent exercise of short duration with high intensity;
Effects of creatine supplementation on aerobic exercise;
Effects of creatine on effects on endurance activity;
Effects of creatine on effects on aerobic endurance exercise;
Effects of creatine on effects on aerobic endurance performance;
Effects of creatine on effects on cardio-respiratory fitness;
00:00 - Effects of creatine supplementation on predominantly anaerobic exercise
05:31 - Effects of creatine supplementation on predominantly aerobic exercise
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#creatine
#creatinesupplementation
#creatinebenefits
#Creatineeffects
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Documented effects of creatine supplementation on physical performance
Creatine is an organic compound with the nominal formula (H2N)(HN)CN(CH3)CH2CO2H. It exists in various tautomers in solutions (among which are neutral form and various zwitterionic forms). Creatine is found in vertebrates where it facilitates recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), primarily in muscle and brain tissue. Recycling is achieved by converting adenosine diphosphate (ADP) back to ATP via donation of phosphate groups. Creatine also acts as a buffer.
Most studies dealing with creatine ingestion report an increase in the creatine pool in the body. There is a positive relationship between creatine uptake in muscles and athletic performance.
Creatine is an amino acid located mostly in your body's muscles as well as in the brain. Most people get creatine through seafood and red meat — though at levels far below those found in synthetically made creatine supplements. The body's liver, pancreas and kidneys also can make about 1 gram of creatine per day.
Your body stores creatine as phosphocreatine primarily in your muscles, where it's used for energy. As a result, people take creatine orally to improve athletic performance and increase muscle mass.
People also use oral creatine to treat certain brain disorders, neuromuscular conditions, congestive heart failure and other conditions. Topical creatine might be used to treat aging skin.
Research on creatine use for specific activities and conditions shows:
Strength, muscle size and performance. Oral creatine use might allow an athlete to do more work during reps or sprints, leading to greater gains in strength, muscle mass and performance. Creatine is often used by athletes involved in high-intensity intermittent activities that require a rapid recovery during training and competition.
Injury prevention. Oral creatine might reduce the frequency of dehydration, muscle cramping, and injuries to the muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons and nerves.
Rare creatine-metabolizing syndromes. In children with the certain creatine deficiency syndromes, oral creatine supplements might improve some symptoms.
Cognition and brain health. Creatine supplementation might improve performance during cognitive tasks, especially in older adults.
Sarcopenia and bone health. Creatine supplementation might help counteract age-related declines in skeletal muscle and bone mineral density.
Heart failure. There isn't enough evidence to recommend use of oral creatine as a heart failure treatment.
Skin aging. Early research suggests that a cream containing creatine and other ingredients applied to the face every day for six weeks might reduce skin sag and wrinkles in men. Another study suggests that a cream containing creatine and folic acid improves sun damage and reduces wrinkles.
People who have low levels of creatine — such as vegetarians — appear to benefit most from creatine supplements.
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#creatinemonohydrate
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Creatine metabolism
Creatine is one of the most popular and well-studied natural supplements. The majority of research has focused on the effects of creatine monohydrate on performance and health. However, there are many other forms of creatine commercially available in the sports nutrition/supplement market. Regardless of format, creatine supplementation, when combined with high-intensity resistance training, has been consistently shown to increase strength, lean body mass, and muscle morphology more than resistance training alone. Creatine is also beneficial for other types of exercise, such as high-intensity sprints and endurance training. However, the effects of creatine seem to decrease with increasing duration of exercise. Although not everyone responds to creatine supplementation in the same way, it is generally accepted that supplementation increases creatine stores and promotes adenosine triphosphate recovery between high-intensity exercises. I'm here. These improved results result in better performance and a greater adaptation to training. Recent studies suggest that creatine supplementation at a level of 0.1 g/kg body weight combined with strength training improves training adaptations at the cellular and subcellular level. Although the use of creatine as an oral supplement is now considered safe and ethical, it is particularly important for diverse populations (athletes, sedentary people, patients, active people, young people, and the elderly). Perceived safety cannot be guaranteed when administered for long periods of time. time is managed.
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#creatine
#creatinebenefits
#creatinesupplementation
#creatinemetabolism
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The Effect of Male Circumcision on Sexuality
Male circumcision removes 33-50% of the penile foreskin and nearly all of the penile nerve receptors. There has been some debate as to whether circumcision affects the sexual sensation of the penis, but there have been few relevant studies. Studies on circumcision and sexual performance have mostly been conducted on recently circumcised men, and these studies have found few differences in sexuality. South Korea was recently reported to have a surprisingly high rate of circumcision; it is the only country among its geographical and cultural neighbors where most boys are circumcised.
Male circumcision began in South Korea 50 years ago, and today the country has one of the highest rates of male circumcision in the world. Since circumcisions in South Korea were never primarily for newborns, most circumcisions were performed on boys, teenagers, and adults. Therefore, South Korea can offer unique evidence on the effects of adult circumcision on sexuality. In an attempt to answer whether adult circumcision affects sexuality, a prospective study was conducted on circumcised and uncircumcised men and compared the sex lives of men before and after circumcision.
The study included 373 sexually active men, of whom 255 were circumcised and 118 were uncircumcised. Of the 255 circumcised men, 138 had been sexually active before circumcision and all were circumcised at age more than 20 years. Because the Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory does not specifically address quality of sexual life, questions were added to compare sexual and masturbatory pleasure before and after circumcision.
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00:00 - Introduction
01:46 - Subjects and methods
03:39 - Discussion
07:47 - Results
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The Psychology of Doping in Sport
Drugs and methods to improve the physical performance of athletes have been used since the dawn of sports history, but the use of performance-enhancing drugs has not always been considered cheat. In short, the motives of doping are to improve and maintain physical performance, manage social/psychological pressures, and pursue social and psychological goals, including economic gain. Factors such as the "doping dilemma", "win at all costs", the cost-benefit ratio and the specificity of certain doping agents also play an important role. It appears that influencing athletes' attitudes towards physical improvement and creating effective methods for disclosing drug abuse are the two main ways to win the war against doping.
The use of performance-enhancing drugs (PED) and methods of improving physical performance in athletes is as old as the history of sport itself, and has been a hallmark of human competition ever since. The evolving knowledge and use of various drugs and substances has been described in different cultures and periods throughout history, such as the ancient Egyptians, Greek athletes, and Roman gladiators. The reasons for using PED have remained largely unchanged. However, the use of PED has not always been considered illegal. Athletes of all ages seem to feel the urge to perform at their best in competition because of the pride, glory and honor associated with success and victory. Today, with modern media exposure, an athlete can become world famous overnight. The prospect of receiving an incredible “winner takes it all” prize money can erode the honor as the primary driving force for athletes. This can lure athletes into short-sighted solutions, including doping, to gain both honor and money, regardless of sports ethics rules or legal violations.
00:00 - Introduction
01:48 - Why not doping?
03:39 - Why do ordinary people doping in the gym?
08:31 - General motivations of elite athletes to use performance-enhancing drugs
10:10 - Win at any costs!
11:43 - Costs versus benefits
12:56 - Doping with GH (Growth Hormone)
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#dope
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Bikini Olympia Winners from 2010 to 2022
Women’s bodybuilding has continued to grow in the International Federation of BodyBuilding and Fitness (IFBB) Pro. It started with the Ms. Olympia division in 1980, then expanded to the Fitness class in 1995, and the Figure division in 2003. And a little over a decade ago, in 2010, it added the Bikini category for female competitors–for a total of 10 Bikini Olympia winners.
Of course, this division attracted a lot of spectators from both men and women. In addition, the Bikini division brought a lot of new female bodybuilding talent into the pool because this category focused less on muscle mass. Instead, IFBB Pro Bikini competitors are judged on balance and shape. And overall physical appearance–complexity, skin tone, poise, and presentation.
It’s hard to imagine Olympia weekend without the now-infamous Bikini Division, which rewards beauty, poise, and intense muscular conditioning in women. But before 2010, women’s competitors had three divisions to compete in — Bodybuilding, Figure, and Fitness.
To broaden the competitive pool and create a broader range of physiques, the Olympia introduced the Bikini Division in 2010. Twelve years later, it’s one of the most popular divisions in the sport.
Ten women have stood on the stage as the champion, with only two having won it more than once. Here’s a look back at every winner over the contest’s history.
2011: Nicole Nagrani
2012: Sonia Gonzalez
2013: India Paulino
2014: Ashley Kaltwasser
2015: Ashley Kaltwasser
2016: India Paulino
2017: Angelica Teixeira
2018: Angelica Teixeira
2019: Janet Layug
2020: Elisa Pecini
2021: Jennifer Dorie
2022: Lauralie Chapados
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Winners Of The Ms. Olympia Bodybuilding Competition from 1980 to 2022
Winners Of The Ms. Olympia Bodybuilding Competition from 1980 to 2022
The IFBB Professional League Ms. Olympia (initially named the Miss Olympia)is professional bodybuilding's most prestigious competition and the title of the winner of the competition in female bodybuilding. The male professional bodybuilding equivalent of the Ms. Olympia is the Mr. Olympia. The natural professional female bodybuilding equivalent to the Ms. Olympia is the INBA/PNBA Natural Olympia.[23] It was first held in 1980.It is held as part of the Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend from 2000 to 2014 and 2020 to the present.
Winners Of The Ms. Olympia Bodybuilding Competition from 1980 to 2022
All Time MS. Olympia Winners 1980-2021
1980:Rachel McLish
1981: Elomaa
1982:Rachel McLish
1983:Carla Dunlap-Kaan
1984,1985,1986,1987,1988, 1989:Everson
1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995:Murray
1996, 1997, 1998, 1999:Kim Chizevsky-Nicholls
2000:Valentina Chepiga(Heavyweight),Andrulla Blanchette(Lightweight)
2001:Juliette Bergmann(Lightweight & Overall),Iris Kyle(Heavyweight)
2002,2003:Lenda Murray(Heavyweight & Overall),Juliette Bergmann(Lightweight)
2004:Iris Kyle,Dayana Cadeau
2005:Venezuela Yaxeni Oriquen-Garcia
2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014:Iris Kyle
2020,2021,2022:Andrea Shaw
Ms. Olympia champions,Olympia champions,bodybuilding champions
Historiograph
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Winners of Mr. Olympia Bodybuilding Competition from 1965 to 2022
Winners of Mr. Olympia Bodybuilding Competition from 1965-2022
Mr. Olympia is the title awarded to the winner of the professional men's bodybuilding contest at Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend—an international bodybuilding competition that is held annually and is sanctioned by the IFBB Professional League. Joe Weider created the contest to enable the Mr. Universe winners to continue competing and to earn money. The first Mr. Olympia was held on September 18, 1965, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, New York City, with Larry Scott winning his first of two straight titles.
The record number of wins is eight each by Lee Haney (1984–1991) and Ronnie Coleman (1998–2005).[3] Hadi Choopan currently holds the title.
Every year, those top bodybuilders we know have aspirations to travel to the Olympia stage, hoping to become the next winner. There is nothing more coveted than a Mr. Olympia win and ever since 1965 when Joe and Ben Weider brought this competition to life, it has stood the test of time as a way to uncover a true champion year in and year out.
The Weider's created Mr. Olympia to allow Mr. Universe winners the opportunity for more competition and the chance to win prize money. The first competition occurred on September 18, 1965, in New York City at the Brooklyn Academy of Music. It was then that Larry Scott claimed the first-ever Mr. Olympia title, setting the stage for fellow Olympia champions that conquered the pinnacle of bodybuilding.
1965,1966:Larry Scott
1967,1968,1969:Sergio Oliva
1970,1971,1972,1973:Arnold Schwarzenegger
1974,1975:Arnold Schwarzenegger(Heavyweight & Overall),Franco Columbu(Lightweight)
1976:Franco Columbu(Lightweight & Overall),United States Ken Waller(Heavyweight)
1977,1978:Frank Zane(Lightweight & Overall),Robby Robinson(Heavyweight)
1979:Frank Zane(Lightweight & Overall),Mike Mentzer(Heavyweight)
1980:Austria Arnold Schwarzenegger
1981:Italy Franco Columbu
1982:United States Chris Dickerson
1983:Lebanon Samir Bannout
1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991:Lee Haney
1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997:Dorian Yates
1998.1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005:Ronnie Coleman
2006,2007:Jay Cutler
2008:Dexter Jackson
2009,20010:Jay Cutler
2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017:Phil Heath
2018:Shawn Rhoden
2019:United States Brandon Curry
2020,2021:Mamdouh Elssbiay
2022:Iran Hadi Choopan
Mr. Olympia champions, Olympia champions, bodybuilding champions
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Top winners of Ms. Olympia Bodybuilding Competition from 1980-2022
Top winners of Ms. Olympia Bodybuilding Competition from 1980-2022
The IFBB Professional League Ms. Olympia (initially named the Miss Olympia)is professional bodybuilding's most prestigious competition and the title of the winner of the competition in female bodybuilding. The male professional bodybuilding equivalent of the Ms. Olympia is the Mr. Olympia. The natural professional female bodybuilding equivalent to the Ms. Olympia is the INBA/PNBA Natural Olympia.[23] It was first held in 1980.It is held as part of the Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend from 2000 to 2014 and 2020 to the present.
Ranking:
1st: Iris Kyle: Overall:10; Hevyweight: 2 ; Lightweight: 0
2nd: Lenda Murray: Overall: 8 ; Hevyweight: 2 ; Lightweight: 0
3rd: Corinna Everson: Overall: 6 ; Hevyweight: 0 ; Lightweight: 0
4th: Kim Chizevsky-Nicholls: Overall: 4 ; Hevyweight: 0 ; Lightweight: 0
5th: Andrea Shaw : Overall: 3 ; Hevyweight: 0 ; Lightweight: 0
6th: Rachel McLish: Overall: 2 ; Hevyweight: 0 ; Lightweight: 0
7th: Juliette Bergmann: Overall: 0 ; Hevyweight: 0 ; Lightweight: 3
8th: Ritva Elomaa: Overall: 1 ; Hevyweight: 0 ; Lightweight: 0
8th: Carla Dunlap-Kaan: Overall: 1 ; Hevyweight: 0 ; Lightweight: 0
8th: Yaxeni Oriquen-Garcia: Overall: 1 ; Hevyweight: 0 ; Lightweight: 0
9th: Valentina Chepiga: Overall: 0 ; Hevyweight: 1 ; Lightweight: 0
9th: Andrulla Blanchette: Overall: 0 ; Hevyweight: 0 ; Lightweight: 1
9th: Dayana Cadeau: Overall: 0 ; Hevyweight: 0 ; Lightweight: 1
Ms. Olympia champions, Olympia champions, bodybuilding champions
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Top Winners of the Mr. Olympia
Top Winners of the Mr. Olympia, The greatest male bodybuilder
Mr. Olympia is the title awarded to the winner of the professional men's bodybuilding contest at Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend—an international bodybuilding competition that is held annually and is sanctioned by the IFBB Professional League. Joe Weider created the contest to enable the Mr. Universe winners to continue competing and to earn money. The first Mr. Olympia was held on September 18, 1965, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, New York City, with Larry Scott winning his first of two straight titles.
The record number of wins is eight each by Lee Haney (1984–1991) and Ronnie Coleman (1998–2005).[3] Hadi Choopan currently holds the title.
Every year, those top bodybuilders we know have aspirations to travel to the Olympia stage, hoping to become the next winner. There is nothing more coveted than a Mr. Olympia win and ever since 1965 when Joe and Ben Weider brought this competition to life, it has stood the test of time as a way to uncover a true champion year in and year out.
The Weider's created Mr. Olympia to allow Mr. Universe winners the opportunity for more competition and the chance to win prize money. The first competition occurred on September 18, 1965, in New York City at the Brooklyn Academy of Music. It was then that Larry Scott claimed the first-ever Mr. Olympia title, setting the stage for fellow Olympia champions that conquered the pinnacle of bodybuilding.
Ranking:
1st: Ronnie Coleman: Overall: 8
2nd: Lee Haney: Overall: 8
3rd: Arnold Schwarzenegger: Overall: 7- Heavyweight: 2
4th: Phil Heath: Overall: 7
5th: Dorian Yates: Overall: 6
6th: Jay Cutler: Overall: 4
7th: Frank Zane: Overall: 3- Lightweight: 3
8th: Sergio Oliva: Overall: 3
9th: Franco Columbu: Overall: 2- Lightweight: 3
10th: Mamdouh Elssbiay: Overall: 2
11th: Larry Scott: Overall: 2
12th: Chris Dickerson: Overall: 1
13th : Samir Bannout: Overall: 1
14th: Dexter Jackson: Overall: 1
15th: Shawn Rhoden: Overall: 1
16th: Brandon Curry: Overall: 1
17th: Hadi Choopan: Overall: 1
18th: Robby Robinson: Heavyweight: 2
19th: Kenny Waller : Heavyweight: 1
20th: Mike Mentzer: Heavyweight: 1
Mr. Olympia champions, Olympia champions, bodybuilding champions
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Winners of Ms. Olympia vs winners of Mr. Olympia bodybuilding competitions
In this video you see winners of Mr. Olympia and Ms. Olympia bodybuilding competitions from 1965 to 2022 in comparison to each other.
The IFBB Professional League Ms. Olympia (initially named the Miss Olympia)is professional bodybuilding's most prestigious competition and the title of the winner of the competition in female bodybuilding. The male professional bodybuilding equivalent of the Ms. Olympia is the Mr. Olympia. The natural professional female bodybuilding equivalent to the Ms. Olympia is the INBA/PNBA Natural Olympia.[23] It was first held in 1980.It is held as part of the Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend from 2000 to 2014 and 2020 to the present.
Mr. Olympia is the title awarded to the winner of the professional men's bodybuilding contest at Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend—an international bodybuilding competition that is held annually and is sanctioned by the IFBB Professional League. Joe Weider created the contest to enable the Mr. Universe winners to continue competing and to earn money. The first Mr. Olympia was held on September 18, 1965, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, New York City, with Larry Scott winning his first of two straight titles.
Mr. Olympia champions, Ms. Olympia champions,Olympia champions, bodybuilding champions,Mr. Olympia or Ms. Olympia which one is the best?
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