New lecture series on Thucydides, author of The History of the Peloponnesian War. In part one, we will explore why many academics view Thucydides as the first scientific historian, owing, chiefly, to his empirical, historical method of evaluating and scrutinizing primary sources and mining for data and evidence. In this video, we contrast Thucydides with another great historian, Herodotus. Herodotus wrote on the Greco-Persian Wars; Thucydides wrote on the epic conflict between Athens (the Delian League) and Sparta and her allies (the Peloponnesian League). Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 3:42 - Historical Method 16:13 - Herodotus _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

A continuation of our new lecture series on Thucydides, author of The History of the Peloponnesian War, between Athens (the Delian League) and Sparta and her allies (the Peloponnesian League). In part one, we examined Thucydides' historical method. For part two we examine Thucydides' view of human nature, and in particular his account of the civil war in Corcyra and his view of democracy. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 1:03 - Man is innately good? 3:38 - Man is innately vicious 7:32 - Thucydides and human nature 8:46 - Civil war in Corcyra 20:31 - Paul's epistle to the Romans 22:31 - Political realism / realpolitik 24:50 - Problems with democracy _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

A continuation of our lecture series on Thucydides, author of The History of the Peloponnesian War, this one on Athens (the Delian League) versus Sparta (the Peloponnesian League) - two radically different visions of political economy. We examine Athenian democracy, headed by Pericles, its navy (the trireme) and the Golden Age of Athens in general exemplified in the glorious structures of the Acropolis, namely the Parthenon, and Greek art, literature, culture, learning, and philosophy - the era of Socrates. We then examine Sparta, also known as Lacedaemon. The Spartans / Lacedaemonians created a land-based oligarchy focused almost exclusively on military might and strength, founded, according to legend, on a constitution of laws formulated by Lycurgus. Sparta dominated the Peloponnese, and allied with Corinth and Thebes for the purposes of taking down Athenian naval power. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 2:08 - Golden Age of Athens 6:56 - Athenian Democracy 15:03 - Sparta _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

A continuation of our lecture series on Thucydides, author of The History of the Peloponnesian War. In this video we read excerpts from two of Pericles' most famous speeches, as recorded by Thucydides: the Funeral Oration and his Last Speech, which took place in context of a great plague that struck Athens. The Peloponnesian War was fought between Athens (the Delian League) and Sparta (the Peloponnesian League, which included Corinth). Certain timeless themes crop up in these speeches: liberty, democracy, the rule of law, patriotism, and masculine virtues of courage, discipline, duty, honor, strength, action, decisiveness, wisdom and knowledge. Enjoy these speeches from the greatest Athenian general and statesmen. Timecodes: 0:00 Intro 2:53 Thucydides Trap 13:25 Pericles' Funeral Oration 23:06 Plague of Athens (430 BC) 32:43 Political realism/ Realpolitik 41:30 Thucydides' Judgment of Pericles _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

The fifth and final installment of our lecture series on Thucydides, author of The History of the Peloponnesian War. In this video we examine the tension between realism and idealism by reading excerpts from a great dialogue between Athens and the leaders of the free island of Melos. _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

New section of the lecture series, Foundations of Western Political Thought -- this time on Niccolò Machiavelli, writer on statecraft during the Italian Renaissance. Machiavelli is so famous (or notorious) that an entire approach toward politics is named after him: Machiavellian. His most famous work is The Prince, as well as his Discourses on Livy. A citizen of Florence, Machiavelli embodied a new era of secular humanism in his approach toward politics. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 6:44 - Machiavellian Politics and Statecraft 16:14 - Italian Renaissance 23:26 - Discourses on Livy 36:54 - The Prince _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Part Two of our series on Niccolò Machiavelli, itself part of a larger series, Foundations of Western Political Thought. In this video we explore the political world in which Machiavel operated. In Florentine politics, we see the domination of the Medici dynasty - Cosimo de' Medici and Lorenzo de' Medici - followed by the lackluster Piero the Unfortunate, a French invasion from King Charles VIII, the short-lived ruler of friar Girolamo Savonarola, the re-establisment of the Florentine republic - during which Machiavelli served as a diplomat - and then the restoration of Medici rule in 1512. A lively array of characters appear in this video, including King Louis XII, Rodrigo de Borja, turned Pope Alexander VI, Cesare Borgia, Ramiro d'Orco, and Giuliano della Rovere, who became Pope Julius II, the Warrior Pope. Machiavelli lived out the rest of his years in exile, during which time he published The Prince, The Art of War, and Discourses on Livy. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 2:18 - House of Medici 5:26 - Italian Wars 11:38 - Savonarola 15:40 - Diplomatic career of Machiavelli 18:40 - Cesare Borgia 32:18 - Pope Julius II 38:44 - Restoration of the Medici 41:16 - Machiavelli in exile _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Part Three of our series on Niccolò Machiavelli, part of a larger series, Foundations of Western Political Thought. In this video we explore the Machiavellian analysis of virtue and vice Machiavel operated in Renaissance Italy, in Florence, a city dominated for much of his lifetime by the Medici dynasty. _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Part Four of our series on Niccolò Machiavelli, part of a larger series, Foundations of Western Political Thought. In this video we explore the Machiavellian question of whether it is better to be feared or loved? Machiavel operated in Renaissance Italy, in Florence, a city dominated for much of his lifetime by the Medici dynasty. _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Part Five of our series on Niccolò Machiavelli, part of a larger series, Foundations of Western Political Thought. In this video we explore the Machiavellian significance of reputation, greatness, honor, dignity, and luck. Machiavel was a writer and diplomat in Renaissance Florence, in Italy, a city dominated for much of his lifetime by the Medici dynasty. _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Final part of our series on Niccolò Machiavelli, part of a larger series, Foundations of Western Political Thought. In this video I give my personal opinions on The Prince, which are mixed, but on the whole positive. Machiavel was a writer and diplomat in Renaissance Florence, in Italy, a city dominated for much of his lifetime by the Medici dynasty. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 1:47 - Human Nature and History 10:14 - Fear and Love 20:44 - Virtue and Vice 33:05 - Realpolitik 43:08 - End Goal of Statecraft 45:46 - Glory, Fame, and Reputation _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

New section of the lecture series, Foundations of Western Political Thought -- this time on Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and political thinker of the seventeenth century. Hobbes is most famous for his 1651 book Leviathan, where he explains the origins of the state. In a state of nature, people exist in a war of all against all; to escape that barbaric state, they agree to a mutual covenant, or social contract, resulting in the establishment of the Sovereign authority: an authority whose sovereignty is absolute and must not therefore be resisted. _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Part Two of our lecture on Thomas Hobbes and Leviathan, part of a larger series entitled Foundations of Western Political Thought. For this video we examine the historical context of Hobbes's early life, starting with the Tudor period, under Queen Elizabeth I, and extending into the early Stuart period, including King James I and King Charles I. We discuss the origins and evolution of Parliament, Magna Carta, and the common law tradition in the English courts. We discuss the theory or doctrine of divine right of kings. We discuss the origins of that great constitutional document the Petition of Right in 1628. Finally we trace the events that led to the outbreak of civil war in England in the mid 17th century. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 3:12 - Parliament and Magna Carta 7:59 - Tudor England 12:12 - King James and Divine Right 30:56 - King Charles I 36:14 - Hobbes on the Eve of Civil War _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarthFollow me on Twitter:https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now: https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Part Three of our section on Thomas Hobbes and Leviathan, part of a larger series entitled Foundations of Western Political Thought. For this video we examine the historical context surrounding the 1651 publication of Leviathan, including the breakout of civil war in England in 1642, the rise of Oliver Cromwell, the trial and execution of King Charles I in 1649, the establishment of the Commonwealth of England and later the Protectorate in 1653, concluding with the Restoration of the Stuart crown in 1660. In the middle of this turmoil, while in exile in Paris, Hobbes authored Leviathan; ironically, he had to flee Paris and return to England because the work was extraordinarily controversial among exiled royalists and French Catholic absolutists. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 3:00 - Prelude to Civil War 9:45 - The English Civil War 17:11 - The King on Trial 23:39 - The King Executed 29:30 - The Interregnum 30:32 - Hobbes Makes Peace with the New Government 41:26 - The Stuart Restoration _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarthFollow me on Twitter:https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now: https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Part Four of our section on Thomas Hobbes and Leviathan, part of a larger series entitled Foundations of Western Political Thought. For this video we dive deep into the text, reading and analyzing what Hobbes has to say about the condition of man in the state of nature: solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. The Hobbesian jungle. We also analyze and evaluate Hobbes's views on natural right and natural law. I close the video with my own thoughts on some of the discussion questions. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 1:57 - The Natural Condition of Mankind 13:00 - The Right of Nature and the Law of Nature 19:08 - Articles of Peace and the Laying Aside of Right 27:19 - Barth's Opinion _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarthFollow me on Twitter:https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now: https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Part Five of our section on Thomas Hobbes and Leviathan, part of a larger series entitled Foundations of Western Political Thought. In this video we continue our examination of the text, reading and analyzing Hobbes's arguments for the creation of the Commonwealth and the Sovereign through the covenant of every man with every man. Hobbes also distinguishes between sovereignty by institution and sovereignty by acquisition (conquest or victory in war). In both forms, the Sovereign - whether one man or an assembly of men - has exclusive right, as sole legislator, to the establishment of civil laws, to which all subjects within the Commonwealth are bound, being, as they were, authors of those very statutes via the Sovereign who bears their person. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 3:48 - The Social Contract 15:55 - Sovereignty by Institution 26:34 - Civil Laws 33:15 - Sovereignty by Acquisition _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now: https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Sixth and final part of our study of Thomas Hobbes and Leviathan, part of a larger series entitled Foundations of Western Political Thought. In this video we examine, first, Hobbes's idea of the best form of government (i.e., why he prefers monarchy to assembly), and second, his insistence that subjects have no right to disobey the Sovereign or dissolve the covenant -- UNLESS, said Sovereign violates the inalienable right to life. I propose an even more generous reading: perhaps, Hobbes might not oppose a dissolution of the covenant if the Sovereign continually and overtly opposes the end for which he exists in the first place (the safety of the people), and instead endeavors to destroy and waste the people, which cannot possibly align with the original end for government. Lastly, I conclude with a brief notation of what I've termed the Hobbesian paradox: that rebellion is unjust and illegitimate, but that a victorious rebel becomes the legitimate sovereign in fact, thus incentivizing rebellion. This allowed Hobbes, without inconsistency, to go from absolute royalism in the 1640s to acknowledging the legitimacy of Cromwell's Commonwealth rule in 1651, following the end of the English Civil War. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 4:26 - The Purpose of Government 6:48 - What is the Best Form of Government? 18:48 - Resistance and Rebellion 28:18 - The Great Exception to the Rule 41:10 - The Hobbesian Paradox _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now: https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

New section of the lecture series, Foundations of Western Political Thought -- this time on John Locke, English philosopher and founder of liberalism. Locke is famous for many works, including, his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, but most especially, his Two Treatises of Government, wherein he defends a form of social contract in which the People are supreme, and in which government is obliged to respect their natural rights and whose legitimacy is grounded on the consent of the governed. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 2:08 – Early Life of John Locke 5:56 – The Second Treatise of Government 10:36 – Locke vs. Hobbes / Social Contract 14:55 – Locke vs. Filmer / Divine Right of Kings 21:37 – Was Locke a Libertarian? 24:14 – Coinage and Monetary Theory 25:08 – An Essay Concerning Human Understanding? 30:37 – Religious Toleration 33:01 – The Reasonableness of Christianity _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on X: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Part Two of our section on John Locke, itself part of a larger series Foundations of Western Political Thought. For this video we explore the historical context of John Locke. What was England like during his formative adult years? The cast of characters in this video include King Charles II, King James II, Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, Algernon Sidney, and William and Mary. We touch on the formation of the Whig Party, the Tory Party, the Habeas Corpus Act 1679, the Exclusion Crisis, and of course the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Get ready to dive into some 17th-century British history! Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 2:28 – Restoration of the Crown 7:44 – Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury 10:05 – The Whigs and Tories 13:42 – The Allure of Absolute Monarchy: King Louis XIV 18:35 – The Habeas Corpus Act and the Exclusion Crisis 28:12 – King James II 30:39 – The Glorious Revolution of 1688 35:14 – The English Bill of Rights _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on X: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Part Three of our section on John Locke, itself part of a larger series Foundations of Western Political Thought. In this video we examine Locke's views on natural rights (the right of nature), natural law (the law of nature), Lockean social contract theory, and the initial, original formation of civil government from out of the state of nature. At various points, we contrast Locke's views with the views of Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 1:05 - Natural Right and Natural Law 11:27 - Hobbes vs. Locke 16:02 - The State of War 17:15 - The Origins and Purpose of Government 24:00 - The Social Contract 26:53 - Consent of the Governed _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on X: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Part Four of our series on John Locke, part of a larger series Foundations of Western Political Thought. In this video we examine Locke's views on the various forms of civil government, particularly the Legislative power and the Executive power. Of the institutions of civil government, the Legislative power is supreme, however, Locke emphasizes that the Legislative is ultimately subordinate to the People, who retain certain unalienable rights. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 0:54 – What is Freedom? 2:14 – Separation of Powers 3:43 – The Legislative Power and its Limitations 9:10 – No Taxation Without Representation 15:22 – The People are Supreme 20:46 – The Chain of Power and Authority 22:59 – The Executive Power 28:56 – The Legislative and Executive Powers Must Be Separated! 32:20 – What is Tyranny? 35:34 – Unalienable Rights _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on X: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in History from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Sixth and final part of our series on John Locke, itself part of a larger series Foundations of Western Political Thought. In this video we examine Locke's famous labor theory of property. We center much of our attention on Locke's theory of land ownership, with some discussion around Locke's analysis of the claims of Native Americans to hunting grounds in North America, and the consequent clash of civilizations between Indians and frontier settlers over land. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 1:22 – Why are Property Rights so Essential? 8:54 – Where and How Does Property Begin? 15:40 – Property in Land 27:30 – The Wild Woods of North America 36:33 – Difficulties with Locke’s theory 38:54 – But what are the alternatives? 43:38 – Property is the Fruit of Labor 47:26 – Money and Property _______________________________________ Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, published June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now:https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773 Follow me on X:https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth If you enjoy this channel and would like to support:https://patreon.com/professorbarth _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in History from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

Algernon Sidney: the great hero and martyr for liberty in the seventeenth century. Sidney is little known today - with not even a fraction of the fame of his contemporary John Locke - but he was deeply admired and influential among English patriots and the Founding Fathers during the American Revolution for laying everything down for the cause of free government and the right of the people to resist tyranny. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 1:22 – Resistance Theory 5:31 - Sidney and the American Revolution 8:49 - Highlights from Sidney 13:45 - Early Biography of Sidney 21:43 - Sidney and the Restoration of the Crown 26:58 - Court Maxims 32:05 - Exile in France 36:14 - Sidney's return to England 40:35 - Discourses Concerning Government 48:12 - The Rye House Plot and Sidney's Arrest 54:20 - Trial for treason 57:13 - Sidney's last words 101:05 - The Aftermath: James II and the Glorious Revolution 106:35 - Cato's Letters on Algernon Sidney _______________________________________ Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, published June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now:https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773 Follow me on X:https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth If you enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in History from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

[Originally recorded and posted on YT in January 2021] Full-length presentation defending the bedrock principle of freedom of speech in any liberal governing order. Timecodes 0:00 - Intro 3:31 - The Free Speech Movement at UC-Berkeley 4:36 - Definition of Free Speech 7:34 - Speech and Democracy in Athens and Rome 10:18 - The Gutenberg Printing Press 13:33 - John Milton 18:20 - The Enlightenment 22:05 - The American and French Revolutions 24:50 - The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 26:24 - Alexander Meiklejohn and Thomas I. Emerson 28:18 - John Stuart Mill, On Liberty 37:58 - George Orwell, Animal Farm 40:20 - Seditious Speech 48:04 - Bigoted Speech 1:11:06 - The Need for Open Debate 1:16:28 - Censorship of Speech and Internet Freedoms in China 1:17:25 - Conclusion _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Katzin Family Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

[Originally recorded and posted on YT in August 2021] A look at the evils and errors of communism, with a particular focus on the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin. The lecture includes excerpts from The Captive Mind, by Czeslaw Milosz. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 0:44 - Definition of Communism 3:16 - The Violence of Communism 7:20 - America's Changing Views on Communism 10:58 - Introduction to Czeslaw Milosz 16:38 - The Brutality of Joseph Stalin 25:27 - Excerpts from Captive Mind 28:58 - The Petty Bourgeoisie 34:46 - The Peasant Problem 46:04 - The Problem of the Proletariat 55:54 - The Mastery of the Mind _______________________________________ If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Katzin Family Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

[Originally recorded and posted on YT in March 2017] Inspired by a book by Thomas Sowell, entitled "A Conflict of Visions: Ideological Origins of Political Struggles" (1987).

[Originally recorded and posted to YT in December 2022] Merry Christmas and Happy New Year from the Barth family. ----------------------------------------------- If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

[Originally published and posted to YT in June 2022] June 24, 2022 is a day to remember: the end of the forcing of abortion on all fifty states in the U.S -- the long-overdue overturning of the worst Supreme Court decision in history, Roe v. Wade. The Court made the right call in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. In this video, we take a look at the baby development at the various stages of pregnancy. Many thanks to Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito. Timecodes: 0:00 - Intro 3:58 - Euphemisms and the New Dred Scott 5:19 - Abortion Procedures 7:45 - Abortion Worldwide 8:22 - Abortion Restrictions in Europe 11:32 - Weeks 8 and 9 13:55 - Weeks 10 and 11 16:27 - Weeks 12 thru 14 19:39 - Weeks 15 thru 18 23:43 - Weeks 19 thru 21 27:03 - Weeks 22 and 23 31:02 - Weeks 24 thru 26 ------------------------------------------------- If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.

[Originally recorded and posted on YT in September 2021] I was asked to deliver a 5-10 minute defense of free speech -- test driving that talk here -- let me know what I can do to improve it. ------------------------------------------- If enjoy this channel and would like to support: https://patreon.com/professorbarth Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Professor_Barth Buy my book! The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in English America, released June 2021 with Cornell University Press. Order your copy now. https://www.amazon.com/Currency-Empire-Seventeenth-Century-English-America/dp/1501755773/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1611158577&sr=8-1 _______________________________________ Dr. Jonathan Barth received his PhD in history from George Mason University in 2014. He specializes in the history of money and banking in the early modern period, with corollary interests in early modern politics, empire, culture, and ideas. Barth is Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University and Katzin Family Associate Director of the Center for American Institutions at Arizona State University. _______________________________________ Visit my website https://www.professorbarth.com/ _______________________________________ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on this channel are my own and do not reflect the views of Arizona State University, nor are any of the views endorsed by Arizona State University.