Earth revolution mechanism

What is Rotation?
A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a centre of rotation. If three-dimensional objects like the earth, moon and other planets always rotate around an imaginary line, it is called a rotation axis. If the axis passes through the body’s centre of mass, the body is said to rotate upon itself or spin.
What is Revolution?
Revolution is often used as a synonym for rotation. However, in many fields like astronomy and its related subjects, revolution is referred to as an orbital revolution. It is used when one body moves around another, while rotation means moving around the axis. For example, the Moon revolves around the Earth, and the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Rotation And Revolution

Rotation of the Earth
Earth rotates on its axis from west to east, and the Sun and the Moon appear to move from east to west across the sky. The spinning of the Earth around its axis is called ‘rotation’. The axis has an angle of 23 1/2º and is perpendicular to the plane of Earth’s orbit. This means the Earth is tilted on its axis, and because of this tilt, the northern and southern hemispheres lean in a direction away from the Sun. The rotation of the Earth divides it into a lit-up half and a dark half, which gives rise to day and night. The direction of the Earth’s rotation depends on the direction of viewing. When viewed looking down from the North Pole, Earth spins counterclockwise. On the contrary, when viewed looking down from the south pole, the earth spins in the clockwise direction.

Importance of Earth Rotation
Some of the importance of the rotation of the Earth are listed below:

The Earth’s rotation creates the diurnal cycle of lightness and darkness, temperature and humidity changes.
The Earth’s rotation causes tides in the oceans and seas.
Revolution of the Earth
The movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed path is called a revolution. The Earth revolves from west to east, i.e., in the anticlockwise direction. The one revolution of the Earth around the Sun takes around one year or precisely 365.242 days. The revolution speed of the earth is 30 km/s-1.

Importance of Revolution
Revolution causes seasons.
Revolution creates perihelion and aphelion. Perihelion occurs when the Earth is closest to the Sun. Aphelion occurs when the Earth is far from the Sun.
Revolution has a direct influence on the varied length of day and night time. The duration of days and nights are the same at the equator. This is known as the equinox. The duration of days and nights vary in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. This is known as solstices.
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Rotation and Revolution of Planets
Planets Mean distance from the Sun in millions of kilometres Period of Revolution Period of Rotation
Mercury 57.9 88 days 59 days
Venus 108.2 224.7 days 243 days
Earth 149.6 365.2 days 23 hr, 56 min, 4 sec
Mars 227.9 687 days 24 hr, 37 min
Jupiter 778.3 11.86 years 9 hr, 55 min, 30 sec
Saturn 1,427 29.46 years 10 hr, 40 min, 24 sec
Uranus 2,870 84 years 16.8 hours
Neptune 4,497 165 years 16 hr, 11 min
Difference Between Rotation and Revolution
The table given below provides the basic differences between rotation and revolution.

Rotation Revolution
Rotation of the Earth is turning on its axis. Revolution is the movement of the Earth around the Sun.
The Earth takes 24 hours to complete a rotation with respect to the sun. The Earth takes a full year (365 days) for one complete revolution around the Sun
The Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted by 23.5 degrees. This tilt causes the different seasons of the year. The path of the Earth moving around the Sun is called an orbit. The Earth’s orbit is elliptical.
Watch the video below to understand what would happen if the Earth stopped spinning

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Difference Between Equinox and Solstice
Solar System
Celestial Bodies
Advanced Sunrise And Delayed Sunset
Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs
Q1
What is meant by rotation?
A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a centre of rotation.
Q2
What is meant by revolution?
Revolution occurs when one body moves around another, while rotation means moving around the axis. For example, the Moon revolves around the Earth, and the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Q3
Do earthquakes affect the Earth’s rotation?
Using the data from the Indonesian Earthquake, NASA calculated that the earthquake affected Earth’s rotation, decreased the length of the day, shifted the North Pole by centimetres and slightly changed the planet’s shape. The earthquake that created a huge tsunami also changed the Earth’s rotation.

Q4
Has the Earth’s rotation ever speeded up in the past?
Probably, but in the last 900 million years, any speed-ups have been superimposed on a more or less steady slow down in spin rate. Even today, we can identify how the Earth’s rotation rate changes fast and slow by milliseconds per day, depending on how the mass distribution of the Earth and its atmosphere change from earthquakes and the movement of water and air.

Q5
Is it possible to slow down the Earth’s rotation artificially?
It is said that humans have made a measurable change in the Earth’s rotation period by several microseconds by accumulating vast reservoirs with trillions of tons of water. There may be a weak interaction between this activity and the weather over the long term, and possibly even in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field, which is very sensitive to the Earth’s rotation rate.

Q6
What is the angle made by the axis of the earth with its orbital plane?
The angle made by the axis of the earth, which is an imaginary line with the orbital plane, is 66 degrees.

Q7
What is an equinox?
An equinox is defined as the time when the sun crosses the celestial equator such that the length of the day and night are equal. Every year has two equinoxes. Also, the length of nights at latitudes L degree north and L degree south are equal.

In this video, we have provided important questions and concepts of Rotation for JEE Advanced 2023

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Alex
December 15, 2019 at 10:42 pm
So What Happens When We Have Long Day And Short Night And Vice Vesa

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Deepa
April 30, 2020 at 8:39 am
You can read about it here.

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Anubhav Parajuli
November 26, 2020 at 8:32 am
It help me a lot thanku very much byjus

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