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What is Rotation? A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a centre of rotation. If three-dimensional objects like the earth, moon and other planets always rotate around an imaginary line, it is called a rotation axis. If the axis passes through the body’s centre of mass, the body is said to rotate upon itself or spin. What is Revolution? Revolution is often used as a synonym for rotation. However, in many fields like astronomy and its related subjects, revolution is referred to as an orbital revolution. It is used when one body moves around another, while rotation means moving around the axis. For example, the Moon revolves around the Earth, and the Earth revolves around the Sun. Rotation And Revolution Rotation of the Earth Earth rotates on its axis from west to east, and the Sun and the Moon appear to move from east to west across the sky. The spinning of the Earth around its axis is called ‘rotation’. The axis has an angle of 23 1/2º and is perpendicular to the plane of Earth’s orbit. This means the Earth is tilted on its axis, and because of this tilt, the northern and southern hemispheres lean in a direction away from the Sun. The rotation of the Earth divides it into a lit-up half and a dark half, which gives rise to day and night. The direction of the Earth’s rotation depends on the direction of viewing. When viewed looking down from the North Pole, Earth spins counterclockwise. On the contrary, when viewed looking down from the south pole, the earth spins in the clockwise direction. Importance of Earth Rotation Some of the importance of the rotation of the Earth are listed below: The Earth’s rotation creates the diurnal cycle of lightness and darkness, temperature and humidity changes. The Earth’s rotation causes tides in the oceans and seas. Revolution of the Earth The movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed path is called a revolution. The Earth revolves from west to east, i.e., in the anticlockwise direction. The one revolution of the Earth around the Sun takes around one year or precisely 365.242 days. The revolution speed of the earth is 30 km/s-1. Importance of Revolution Revolution causes seasons. Revolution creates perihelion and aphelion. Perihelion occurs when the Earth is closest to the Sun. Aphelion occurs when the Earth is far from the Sun. Revolution has a direct influence on the varied length of day and night time. The duration of days and nights are the same at the equator. This is known as the equinox. The duration of days and nights vary in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. This is known as solstices. Test your Knowledge on Force! Quiz Image Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Click ‘Start Quiz’ to begin! Select the correct answer and click on the “Finish” button Check your score and answers at the end of the quiz Rotation and Revolution of Planets Planets Mean distance from the Sun in millions of kilometres Period of Revolution Period of Rotation Mercury 57.9 88 days 59 days Venus 108.2 224.7 days 243 days Earth 149.6 365.2 days 23 hr, 56 min, 4 sec Mars 227.9 687 days 24 hr, 37 min Jupiter 778.3 11.86 years 9 hr, 55 min, 30 sec Saturn 1,427 29.46 years 10 hr, 40 min, 24 sec Uranus 2,870 84 years 16.8 hours Neptune 4,497 165 years 16 hr, 11 min Difference Between Rotation and Revolution The table given below provides the basic differences between rotation and revolution. Rotation Revolution Rotation of the Earth is turning on its axis. Revolution is the movement of the Earth around the Sun. The Earth takes 24 hours to complete a rotation with respect to the sun. The Earth takes a full year (365 days) for one complete revolution around the Sun The Earth’s axis of rotation is tilted by 23.5 degrees. This tilt causes the different seasons of the year. The path of the Earth moving around the Sun is called an orbit. The Earth’s orbit is elliptical. Watch the video below to understand what would happen if the Earth stopped spinning 3,11,857 Related Links Difference Between Equinox and Solstice Solar System Celestial Bodies Advanced Sunrise And Delayed Sunset Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs Q1 What is meant by rotation? A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a centre of rotation. Q2 What is meant by revolution? Revolution occurs when one body moves around another, while rotation means moving around the axis. For example, the Moon revolves around the Earth, and the Earth revolves around the Sun. Q3 Do earthquakes affect the Earth’s rotation? Using the data from the Indonesian Earthquake, NASA calculated that the earthquake affected Earth’s rotation, decreased the length of the day, shifted the North Pole by centimetres and slightly changed the planet’s shape. The earthquake that created a huge tsunami also changed the Earth’s rotation. Q4 Has the Earth’s rotation ever speeded up in the past? Probably, but in the last 900 million years, any speed-ups have been superimposed on a more or less steady slow down in spin rate. Even today, we can identify how the Earth’s rotation rate changes fast and slow by milliseconds per day, depending on how the mass distribution of the Earth and its atmosphere change from earthquakes and the movement of water and air. Q5 Is it possible to slow down the Earth’s rotation artificially? It is said that humans have made a measurable change in the Earth’s rotation period by several microseconds by accumulating vast reservoirs with trillions of tons of water. There may be a weak interaction between this activity and the weather over the long term, and possibly even in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field, which is very sensitive to the Earth’s rotation rate. Q6 What is the angle made by the axis of the earth with its orbital plane? The angle made by the axis of the earth, which is an imaginary line with the orbital plane, is 66 degrees. Q7 What is an equinox? An equinox is defined as the time when the sun crosses the celestial equator such that the length of the day and night are equal. Every year has two equinoxes. Also, the length of nights at latitudes L degree north and L degree south are equal. In this video, we have provided important questions and concepts of Rotation for JEE Advanced 2023 1,859 Stay tuned with BYJU’S to learn more interesting science topics with engaging videos! Test your knowledge on Rotation And Revolution Quiz Image Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Click ‘Start Quiz’ to begin! Select the correct answer and click on the “Finish” button Check your score and answers at the end of the quiz PHYSICS Related Links Charge Definition Physics What Is Pitch In Physics Conductivity Unit Spring Definition What Is Internal Energy Project On Cyclotron For Class 12th What Is Stress Definition Angular Velocity Pn Junction Diode Definition Photoelectric Emission Swipe left btc whatsapp banners btc whatsapp banners bst Important Physics Topics Thermodynamics Laws Of Physics Carnot Engine Concave And Convex Mirrors Centripetal And Centrifugal Force Physics Symbols Poissons Ratio Frictional Force Projectile Motion Electric Current Electromagnetism Rotation And Revolution Uniform And Non-Uniform Motion SI Units List Derivation Of Physics Formulas Ohm's Law Archimedes’ Principle Kirchhoff's Law Newton's Laws Of Motion Laws Of Reflection CBSE Sample Papers CBSE Sample Papers Class 8 Science CBSE Sample Papers Class 9 Science CBSE Sample Papers Class 10 Science CBSE Sample Papers Class 11 Physics CBSE Sample Papers Class 11 Chemistry CBSE Sample Papers Class 11 Biology CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 Physics CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 Chemistry CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 Biology CBSE Previous Year Question Papers CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Science CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology ICSE Sample Papers ICSE Sample Papers Class 8 Physics ICSE Sample Papers Class 8 Chemistry ICSE Sample Papers Class 8 Biology ICSE Sample Papers Class 9 Physics ICSE Sample Papers Class 9 Chemistry ICSE Sample Papers Class 9 Biology ICSE Sample Papers Class 10 Physics ICSE Sample Papers Class 10 Chemistry ICSE Sample Papers Class 10 Biology ISC Sample Papers Class 11 Physics ISC Sample Papers Class 11 Chemistry ISC Sample Papers Class 11 Biology ISC Sample Papers Class 12 Physics ISC Sample Papers Class 12 Chemistry ISC Sample Papers Class 12 Biology ICSE Previous Year Question Papers ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Physics ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Chemistry ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Maths ISC Previous Year Question Papers class 12 ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology BYJU'S Tuition Centre for Class 4 to 10 Class 10 Tuition Centre Class 9 Tuition Centre Class 8 Tuition Centre Class 7 Tuition Centre Class 6 Tuition Centre Class 5 Tuition Centre Class 4 Tuition Centre Ask A Doubt Join BYJU'S Learning Program Name Mobile Number City Grade/Exam Email Address Comments Leave a Comment Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. 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