Gender Incongruence: Not Born In the Wrong Body | Laura Haynes | Ruth Institute 4th Annual Summit

Dr. Haynes reviews research, writes, and speaks internationally on sexuality and gender as they relate to the legal right to therapy. She has testified before legislative hearing committees in several states in the U.S., trained therapists from 27 nations, provided expert opinion for courts, and presented to U. N. diplomats and high level government officials. She serves on the General Board of the International Federation for Therapeutic and Counselling Choice and is its U.S.A. Representative. She also serves on task forces on sexuality and gender for several professional organizations. She retired from clinical psychology practice in 2018 after more than 40 years experience. Her education includes three masters degrees and a Ph.D.

You can read more about Dr. Laura Haynes here: www.laurahaynesphd.com
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Below, please find select citations from Dr. Haynes presentation. You can find the full contingent of them at https://ruthinstitute.org/summit/gender-incongruence-not-born-in-the-wrong-body/

Consensus Statement: Global DSD Consortium 2016 Update: Lee, P.A., et al. (2016). Consensus statement: Global disorders of sex development update since 2006: doi.org/10.1159/000442975

The American Psychological Association’s Handbook of Sexuality and Psychology says transgender identity is not simply biologically determined, has psychological causes, and may be pathological. Affirmative treatment may neglect individual problems gender dysphoric minors are experiencing. APA Handbook of Sexuality and Psychology (2014), :743-744, 750

American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5: “[I[n contrast to certain social constructionist theories, biological factors are seen as contributing, in interaction with social and psychological factors, to gender development.” (DSM-5, p. 451) “Overall, current evidence is insufficient to label gender dysphoria without a disorder of sex development as a form of intersexuality limited to the central nervous system.”(DSM-5, p. 457).

American Association of Pediatricians: Gender identity “results from a multifaceted interaction of biological traits, developmental influences, and environmental conditions.” Rafferty J. AAP Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health, AAP Committee on Adolescence, AAP Section on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health and Wellness (2018), Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender Diverse Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 142(4):pp.2, see also p.4, e20182162

(American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5™ (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 )

(WPATH: Coleman et al., (2012).https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2011.700873 ;
BPS, 2012, https://www.bps.org.uk/sites/beta.bps.org.uk/files/Policy%20-%20Files/Guidelines%20and%20Literature%20Review%20for%20Psychologists%20Working%20Therapeutically%20with%20Sexual%20and%20Gender%20Minority%20Clients%20(2012).pdf ) ;
Amer. Psychiatric Assoc.: Byne, W., et al.. (2012). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10508-012-9975-x )

High Rates of Psychiatric Disorders in the U.S., 6 European countries, Canada, Australia, and Iran

(US: Becerra-Culqui et al., 2018, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30476120-letter-to-the-editor-endocrine-treatment-of-gender-dysphoricgender-incongruent-persons-an-endocrine-society-clinical-practice-guideline/; Lipson et al., 2019, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31427032/ ; Hanna et al., 2019, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1047279719302832?via%3Dihub ; Rider et al., 2018,