The Origins of Islam - 4.2 A New Religion: Dome of the Rock Inscription

REFERENCES IN THE DESCRIPTION BELOW
The Dome of the Rock is the first monumental building of the Arabs. Constructed in 691 AD, it also contains the first inscription with the word "Muhammad". Today it is widely known, that this refers to the prophet of Islam who died in 632 AD. However, upon a closer look at the inscription, it becomes clear that the word was originally not a name, but a verb, referring to Jesus as the one who is to be praised.

#Quran #Islam #Origin #History #Education #Religion #Arabic #Christian #Trinity #Trinitarian #Church #al-Malik #Muhammad #Jesus #Dome #Rock

References for this episode:

Elliott, J. K. The Apocryphal New Testament - A Collection of Apocryphal Christian Litera- ture in an English Translation. Oxford University Press, 1993.

Harnack, Adolf von. "Die Bezeichung Jesu als “Knecht Gottes” und ihre Geschichte in der alten Kirche". In: Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. de Gruyter, 1926.

Harnack, Adolf von. History of Dogma. Vol. III. Williams & Norgate, 1897.

Jenkins, J. Philip. Jesus Wars: How Four Patriarchs, Three Queens, and Two Emperors Decided What Christians Would Believe for the Next 1,500 Years. HarperOne, 2010.

Jonge, Marinus de. Outside the Old Testament. Cambridge Commentaries on Writings of the Jewish and Christian World 200 BC to AD 200 Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Luxenberg, Christoph. "A New Interpretation of the Arabic Inscription in Jerusalem’s Dome of the Rock". In: The Hidden Origins of Islam: New Research Into its Early History. Prometheus Books, 2010, pp. 125–151.

Luxenberg, Christoph. The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran. Berlin: Schiler, 2007.

Popp, Volker. "The Early History of Islam: Following Inscriptional and Numismatic Testimony". In: The Hidden Origins of Islam: New Research Into its Early History. Prometheus Books, 2010, pp. 17–124.

Rabbat, Nasser. "The Meaning of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock". In: Muqarnas (1989), pp. 12–21.

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The "Origin of Islam" series is intended to provide a big-picture look at how Islam started, where it came from, how it evolved and how we ended up with the religion we know of today. I'm introducing the historical critical method as it's applied to the Quran and paint a new narrative based on primary evidence and linguistic analysis.
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