Providing AC Power to an Alarm System

In this video, Michael from Alarm Grid explains how AC power is provided to an alarm system. This represents the primary power source for a security system, and is provided from a plug-in transformer. The reason why the plug-in module is called a transformer is because it transforms the high-voltage power from the outlet into low-voltage power that won't overload or fry the alarm panel. That is why you will often hear alarm system transformers being referred to as "step-down" transformers.

A wire is connected between the plug-in transformer and the alarm panel. This wire transfers the current from the transformer to the panel. In most cases, the wire is detachable and can be removed from the transformer. This is important because it means that the entire transformer won't need to be replaced in the event that the wire becomes damaged. It also allows for an ideal length of wire to be cut for the installation job at-hand. You want the wire to be long enough to comfortably connect the panel to the transformer, but not much longer than that. Michael refers to the outer plastic portion of the wire as a shield. It is more commonly called a sheath. Unshielded wiring is usually preferred in alarm installations, though there can be exceptions to this rule.

It is important to understand that an alarm panel will only allow for a maximum wire run of a certain length based on the gauge. This is because a small amount of current is lost as electricity travels down the wire from the transformer to the panel. A sufficient amount of power must ultimately reach the panel, so if the wire is too long, then the system will not receive enough power, and an AC loss condition may occur. This can also result in issues with intermittent low battery conditions. Thicker wire retains electricity more effectively than thinner wire. By going with thicker cabling, that is, wire with a lower listed gauge also referred to as AWG, you will be able to perform a longer wire run. Check the specifications for the panel you are using to determine the maximum wire run based on the gauge and thickness of your wire. Most alarm wiring is between 18 AWG and 22 AWG.

https://www.alarmgrid.com/faq/how-is-ac-power-provided-to-a-security-system

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