COVID-19 Pandemic True Death Toll

Which countries have under or overreported Covid-19 deaths? What are the actual pandemic's death toll when all excessive deaths are counted? How many died "because of" the pandemic?

This bar chart shows the official reported Covid-19 deaths compared to estimated excessive deaths, by country/territory and world total. Highest and lowest estimates from start of the pandemic until 15th January 2022.

Note that excessive deaths does not necessary mean that all are Covid-19 deaths. A death "because of" the pandemic can occur in other ways. For instance a full hospital can lead to lack of health care. Circumstances surrounding the pandemic can also prevent and lead to less deaths.

Sources:
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), The Economist

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