Spanish 103 - Present Subjunctive vs Indicative with Adjective Clauses in Spanish Spanish With Profe

In this video you will learn how to use the present subjunctive or indicative with adjective clauses in Spanish.

Adjective clauses modify nouns or pronouns.
If an item exists, if it is concrete, if it's definite, if you have it, if you know a person
then you will use the Indicative.
If an item could or might exist, if it's not concrete, if it's not definite, if it 's not specific, then you will use the subjunctive. The subjunctive is a probability, uncertainty, something that might or might not exist.

The subjunctive mood is formed by changing the -ar endings to their opposite vowel.
-ar
yo -e
tú -es
él, ella, usted -e
nosotros/as -emos
ellos, ellas, ustedes -en

The subjunctive mood is formed by changing the -er/-ir endings to their opposite vowel.
-er/-ir
yo -a
tú -as
él, ella, usted -a
nosotros/as -amos
ellos, ellas, ustedes -an

Most irregular verbs will be formed by using the present Yo form and dropping the "o" and exchanging it for the new vowels.
hacer=hago = haga
salir=salgo = salga
poner=pongo = ponga
You will form the other ones by following the same pattern so:
que yo haga, que tú hagas, que él, ella, usted haga; que nosotros/as hagamos, que ellos, ellas, ustedes hagan

There are other irregular verbs that have to be formed differently for example.
ir= vaya (follow the pattern)
ser=sea (follow the pattern)
saber=sepa (follow the pattern)
the above subjunctive forms are for yo but it will guide you to form the other subject pronouns in the subjunctive
dar=dé, des, dé, demos, den
With dar is very important to put an accent mark or tilde in the yo and the él, ella, usted forms so it can note that it is the subjunctive form of the verb dar and not the preposition= from= "de"

In the subjunctive the following endings have a spelling change for sound purpose, and the change is applied to all of the subject pronouns: yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros/as, ellos, ellas, ustedes
-car=qu
-gar=gu
-zar=c
-ger=j

Necesito un gato que sea (ser) paciente.
(I need a cat that is patient.)
If I need it, it means I don't have it, so therefore I will use the subjunctive here.

Tenemos unos gatos que son (ser) muy gordos.
(We have some cats that are very fat.)
Since we have them, they exist, therefore we use the indicative.

The indicative is a fact.
The subjunctive is probability.

Ellos conocen un abogado que es(ser) muy eficiente.
(They know a lawyer that is very efficient.)
Since they know a given lawyer, it exists, therefore the indicative is used

Nosotros no conocemos a nadie que sepa (saber) hablar alemán.
(We don't know any one who knows how to speak German.)
Since we don't know anyone at this moment, we must use the subjunctive as this is non-existent, changes are that this person might exist, but not at this moment.

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