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The domestic dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris)[4] is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. The dog derived from an ancient, extinct wolf,[5][6] with the modern grey wolf being the dog's nearest living relative.[7] The dog was the first species to be domesticated,[8][7] by hunter-gatherers over 15,000 years ago,[6] before the development of agriculture.[1] Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely adapted to human behavior,[9] leading to a large number of domestic individuals[10] and the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.[11]
Domestic dogs

Temporal range: At least 14,200 years ago – present[1]



















Conservation status

Domesticated

Scientific classificationKingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:ChordataClass:MammaliaOrder:CarnivoraFamily:CanidaeSubfamily:CaninaeTribe:CaniniSubtribe:CaninaGenus:CanisSpecies:

C. lupus

Subspecies:

C. l. familiaris

Trinomial nameCanis lupus familiaris

Linnaeus, 1758[2]

Synonyms

[3]

C. aegyptius Linnaeus, 1758

C. alco C. E. H. Smith, 1839,

C. americanus Gmelin, 1792

C. anglicus Gmelin, 1792

C. antarcticus Gmelin, 1792

C. aprinus Gmelin, 1792

C. aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758

C. aquatilis Gmelin, 1792

C. avicularis Gmelin, 1792

C. borealis C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. brevipilis Gmelin, 1792

C. cursorius Gmelin, 1792

C. domesticus Linnaeus, 1758

C. extrarius Gmelin, 1792

C. ferus C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. fricator Gmelin, 1792

C. fricatrix Linnaeus, 1758

C. fuillus Gmelin, 1792

C. gallicus Gmelin, 1792

C. glaucus C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. graius Linnaeus, 1758

C. grajus Gmelin, 1792

C. hagenbecki Krumbiegel, 1950

C. haitensis C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. hibernicus Gmelin, 1792

C. hirsutus Gmelin, 1792

C. hybridus Gmelin, 1792

C. islandicus Gmelin, 1792

C. italicus Gmelin, 1792

C. laniarius Gmelin, 1792

C. leoninus Gmelin, 1792

C. leporarius C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. major Gmelin, 1792

C. mastinus Linnaeus, 1758

C. melitacus Gmelin, 1792

C. melitaeus Linnaeus, 1758

C. minor Gmelin, 1792

C. molossus Gmelin, 1792

C. mustelinus Linnaeus, 1758

C. obesus Gmelin, 1792

C. orientalis Gmelin, 1792

C. pacificus C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. plancus Gmelin, 1792

C. pomeranus Gmelin, 1792

C. sagaces C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. sanguinarius C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. sagax Linnaeus, 1758

C. scoticus Gmelin, 1792

C. sibiricus Gmelin, 1792

C. suillus C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. terraenovae C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. terrarius C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. turcicus Gmelin, 1792

C. urcani C. E. H. Smith, 1839

C. variegatus Gmelin, 1792

C. venaticus Gmelin, 1792

C. vertegus Gmelin, 1792

The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.[12] Dogs are sub classified into breeds, which vary widely in shape, size, and color.[13] They perform many roles for humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship, therapy, and aiding disabled people. This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet of "man's best friend."