Multimodal Neurons in Artificial Neural Networks (w/ OpenAI Microscope, Research Paper Explained)

#openai​ #clip​ #microscope​

OpenAI does a huge investigation into the inner workings of their recent CLIP model via faceted feature visualization and finds amazing things: Some neurons in the last layer respond to distinct concepts across multiple modalities, meaning they fire for photographs, drawings, and signs depicting the same concept, even when the images are vastly distinct. Through manual examination, they identify and investigate neurons corresponding to persons, geographical regions, religions, emotions, and much more. In this video, I go through the publication and then I present my own findings from digging around in the OpenAI Microscope.

OUTLINE:
0:00​ - Intro & Overview
3:35​ - OpenAI Microscope
7:10​ - Categories of found neurons
11:10​ - Person Neurons
13:00​ - Donald Trump Neuron
17:15​ - Emotion Neurons
22:45​ - Region Neurons
26:40​ - Sparse Mixture of Emotions
28:05​ - Emotion Atlas
29:45​ - Adversarial Typographic Attacks
31:55​ - Stroop Test
33:10​ - My Findings in OpenAI Microscope
33:30​ - Superman Neuron
33:50​ - Resting B*tchface Neuron
34:10​ - Trash Bag Neuron
35:25​ - God Weightlifting Neuron
36:40​ - Organ Neuron
38:35​ - Film Spool Neuron
39:05​ - Feather Neuron
39:20​ - Spartan Neuron
40:25​ - Letter E Neuron
40:35​ - Cleanin Neuron
40:45​ - Frown Neuron
40:55​ - Lion Neuron
41:05​ - Fashion Model Neuron
41:20​ - Baseball Neuron
41:50​ - Bride Neuron
42:00​ - Navy Neuron
42:30​ - Hemp Neuron
43:25​ - Staircase Neuron
43:45​ - Disney Neuron
44:15​ - Hillary Clinton Neuron
44:50​ - God Neuron
45:15​ - Blurry Neuron
45:35​ - Arrow Neuron
45:55​ - Trophy Presentation Neuron
46:10​ - Receding Hairline Neuron
46:30​ - Traffic Neuron
46:40​ - Raised Hand Neuron
46:50​ - Google Maps Neuron
47:15​ - Nervous Smile Neuron
47:30​ - Elvis Neuron
47:55​ - The Flash Neuron
48:05​ - Beard Neuron
48:15​ - Kilt Neuron
48:25​ - Rainy Neuron
48:35​ - Electricity Neuron
48:50​ - Droplets Neuron
49:00​ - Escape Neuron
49:25​ - King Neuron
49:35​ - Country Neuron
49:45​ - Overweight Men Neuron
49:55​ - Wedding
50:05​ - Australia Neuron
50:15​ - Yawn Neuron
50:30​ - Bees & Simpsons Neuron
50:40​ - Mussles Neuron
50:50​ - Spice Neuron
51:00​ - Conclusion

Paper: https://distill.pub/2021/multimodal-n...​
My Findings: https://www.notion.so/CLIP-OpenAI-Mic...​
My Video on CLIP: https://youtu.be/T9XSU0pKX2E​
My Video on Feature Visualizations & The OpenAI Microscope: https://youtu.be/Ok44otx90D4​

Abstract:
In 2005, a letter published in Nature described human neurons responding to specific people, such as Jennifer Aniston or Halle Berry. The exciting thing wasn’t just that they selected for particular people, but that they did so regardless of whether they were shown photographs, drawings, or even images of the person’s name. The neurons were multimodal. As the lead author would put it: "You are looking at the far end of the transformation from metric, visual shapes to conceptual... information." We report the existence of similar multimodal neurons in artificial neural networks. This includes neurons selecting for prominent public figures or fictional characters, such as Lady Gaga or Spiderman. Like the biological multimodal neurons, these artificial neurons respond to the same subject in photographs, drawings, and images of their name.

Authors: Gabriel Goh, Nick Cammarata, Chelsea Voss, Shan Carter, Michael Petrov, Ludwig Schubert, Alec Radford, Chris Olah

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