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PCR Test - Limitations (Fr)
Le PCR est utilisé pour comptabiliser les "cas".
Toutefois, ce test ne peut être employé seul pour statuer de l'état de santé d'une persone pour les raisons suivantes:
- il ne permet pas de détecter de virus vivant capable de se répliquer.
- le résultat du test est influencé par le nombre de cycles utilisé
- la plupart des laboratoires utilisent un nombre de cycles trop élevé, avec comme conséquence une grande proportion de résultats faussement positifs
- légalement parlant, seulement un médecin peut statuer sur l'état de santé d'une personne et la nécessité d'isolement.
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Bibliographie:
1. Séquence d'ADN - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MT072688
2. Graphique PCR vs culture - https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.32.2001483
3. CDC - https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html
4. L'OMS dit: "La plupart des épreuves de PCR sont indiquées à titre d’aide au diagnostic et les prestataires de soins doivent donc examiner les résultats en tenant également compte de la date de prélèvement, du type d’échantillon, des caractéristiques spécifiques du test, des observations cliniques, des antécédents du patient, du statut confirmé des contacts éventuels et des informations épidémiologiques."
Voir: https://www.who.int/news/item/20-01-2021-who-information-notice-for-ivd-users-2020-05
5. Résultats d'une revue systématique de la littérature comparant le PCR et la culture:
"Results that are consistent with Bullard et al who found no growth in samples with a cycle threshold greater than 24 or when symptom onset was greater than 8 days. Thus, blanket detection of viral RNA cannot be used to infer infectiousness"
Voir: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.20167932v2
6. Résultats d'une étude de 3790 tests PCR Vs Culture:
"It can be observed that at Ct = 25, up to 70% of patients remain positive in culture and that at Ct = 30 this value drops to 20%. At Ct = 35, the value we used to report a positive result for PCR, <3% of cultures are positive."
Voir: https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa1491/5912603
7. Jugement de la Cour de Lisbonne: http://www.dgsi.pt/jtrl.nsf/33182fc732316039802565fa00497eec/79d6ba338dcbe5e28025861f003e7b30
"A. The prescription and diagnosis are medical acts, under the exclusive responsibility of a doctor, registered in the Order of Doctors (Regulation No. 698/2019, of 5.9).
Thus, the prescription of auxiliary diagnostic methods (as is the case of tests for the detection of viral infection), as well as the diagnosis of the existence of a disease, in relation to each and every person, is a matter that cannot be performed by law , Resolution, Decree, Regulation or any other normative way , as these are acts that our legal system reserves to the exclusive competence of a doctor, being sure that, in advising his patient, he should always try to obtain his informed consent ( 1 of article 6 of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights). "
"V. Any person or entity that issues an order, the content of which leads to deprivation of physical, ambulatory, freedom of others (whatever the nomenclature this order assumes: confinement, isolation, quarantine, prophylactic protection, health surveillance, etc.), that does not fit the legal provisions, namely in the provisions of article 27 of the CRP , he will be proceeding to an illegal detention , because ordered by an incompetent entity and because motivated by a fact for which the law does not allow it."
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