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Pyramids في مصر
he Giza pyramids are located on the Giza plateau in the Giza governorate on the west bank of the Nile. It was built about 25 centuries BC, between 2480 and 2550 BC. It includes three pyramids: Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure.
And the pyramids, according to one of the hypotheses, are royal tombs, each bearing the name of the king who built it and was buried in it, and the pyramid construction here is a stage of the development of tomb architecture in ancient Egypt. It started with a small pit that turned into an underground room and then into several rooms topped by a terrace. After that, it developed to take the form of a listed pyramid at the hands of the engineer Imhotep, the minister of the Pharaoh, and King Djoser in the third dynasty. This was followed by two attempts by King Senefru, founder of the Fourth Dynasty, to build a complete hierarchy. But the backs of the pyramids are improper. They are located in Dahshur, one of them has a flat base and the other has a smaller shape, about half the size of the first. The engineer Himyono, the engineer of King Khufu, was able to complete the ideal pyramid shape and constructed the pyramid of Khufu in Giza on an area of 13 acres, and the pyramids of Khafre and Menkaure followed that.
أهرام الجيزة تقع على هضبة الجيزة في محافظة الجيزة على الضفة الغربية لنهر النيل. بنيت قبل حوالي 25 قرنا قبل الميلاد، ما بين 2480 و2550 ق. م وهي تشمل ثلاثة أهرام هي خوفو، خفرع ومنكاورع.
والأهرام حسب أحد الفرضيات هي مقابر ملكية كل منها يحمل اسم الملك الذي بناه وتم دفنه فيه، والبناء الهرمي هنا هو مرحلة من مراحل تطور عمارة المقابر في مصر القديمة. فقد بدأت بحفرة صغيرة تحولت إلى حجرة تحت الأرض ثم إلى عدة غرف تعلوها مصطبة. وبعد ذلك تطورت لتأخذ شكل الهرم المدرج على يد المهندس ايمحوتب وزير الفرعون والملك زوسر في الأسرة الثالثة. وتلا ذلك محاولتان للملك سنفرو مؤسس الأسرة الرابعة لبناء شكل هرمي كامل. ولكن ظَهْر الهرمين غير سليمين الشكل. وهما يقعان في دهشور أحدهما مفلطح القاعدة والآخر اتخذ شكلاً أصغر يقارب نصف حجم الأوّل. واستطاع المهندس هميونو مهندس الملك خوفو أن ينجز الشكل الهرميّ المثالى وقام بتشييد هرم خوفو بالجيزة على مساحة 13 فدانًا وتبع ذلك هرما خفرع ومنقرع.
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