ROMANS #394, Paul warns to be aware of spiritual enemies. (2-11-25)

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Romans 16:10 Greet Apelles, approved in Christ.
Greet those who are of the household of Aristobulus.

Apelles was tested and approved – Gr. δόκιμος - ①pertinent to being genuine on the basis of testing, approved (by test), tried and true, genuine.

Romans 14:18 For he who serves Christ in these things is acceptable to God and approved by men.

Romans 12:2 And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God.

Greet those who are of the household of Aristobulus.

Without naming other individuals Paul sent greetings to those who belong to the household of Aristobulus, perhaps a grandson of Herod the Great. A household may have included family members and servants.

Romans 16:11 Greet Herodion, my countryman. Greet those who are of the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord.

Herodion was greeted as Paul’s relative, but once again the relationship was probably tribal and not familial.
Greet those who are of the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord.
Paul restricted his greetings to the ones who are in the Lord, which probably indicated Narcissus’ family was divided spiritually.

Romans 16:12 Greet Tryphena and Tryphosa, who have la-bored in the Lord. Greet the beloved Persis, who labored much in the Lord.

Paul sent greetings jointly to Tryphena and Tryphosa, identifying them as those women who work hard (“toil”) in the Lord. Some believe they were sisters, possibly even twins.