Tareekh-e-Islam Ep-3-एपिसोड Ancient Arab nations प्राचीन अरब राष्ट्र عرب کی قدیم قومیں

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Tareekh-e-Islam Ep-3-एपिसोड Ancient Arab nations प्राचीन अरब राष्ट्र عرب کی قدیم قومیں

Asslamoalaikum, sisters, brothers friends and elders,, we started this YouTube series delves on the subject Islamic history, We are describing its evolution from Hazrat Adam (AS)until Sultan Saleem, first Capiph and Sultan of Sultanate Osmanya. Each episode will provide a detailed information of significant events, cultural developments, and influential figures that shaped the Islamic world during this pivotal period.

According to Islamic tradition, Hazrat Adam (AS) is regarded as the first human being and the first prophet. His creation and life on Earth are significant in the context of human history.

Following Hazrat Adam (AS), a series of prophets were sent to guide humanity, each bringing a new divine message or a continuation of the teachings of their predecessors. These include:

Prophet Idris (AS), Identified with the biblical Enoch.
Prophet Nuh (AS), Known for the great flood that wiped out the disbelievers.
Prophet Ibrahim (AS), Known for his unwavering faith in Allah, he is the patriarch of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity.
Prophet Musa (AS), Known as Moses, he is considered one of the most important prophets in Islam, Torah revealed on him.
Prophet Isa (AS), Known as Jesus in Christianity, Isa (AS) is a key figure in Islam.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Mecca, in the Year of the Elephant, when the army of Abraha attempted to destroy the Kaaba.

In 610 CE, At the age of 40, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) received the first revelation from the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel) in the cave of Hira, marking the beginning of his prophethood.

In 613 CE, Muhammad (PBUH) began publicly preaching the message of Islam, calling for the worship of Allah and denouncing polytheism and idolatry.
In 619 CE,This year, known as the Year of Sorrow, saw the death of both Khadijah (RA) and Abu Talib (RA).
In 622 CE, Facing increasing persecution in Mecca, Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers migrated to Medina.
In 624 CE, The Battle of Badr, a significant victory for the Muslims against the Qurayish.
In 627 CE, The Battle of the Trench (Ahzab) was fought, where a confederation of Arab tribes laid siege to Medina but were defeated.
In 630 CE, In a turning point for Islam, Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers peacefully conquered Mecca.
In 632 CE, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) passed away at the age of 63, leaving behind a rapidly growing Muslim community.

After the death of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), leadership passed to his closest companions, known as the Rashidun or “Rightly Guided” Caliphs.

Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (R.A.) (632 - 634 CE), The first caliph, who consolidated Muslim control in the Arabian Peninsula.

Umar ibn al-Khattab (R.A.) (634 - 644 CE), Under his leadership, the Islamic Empire expanded rapidly, conquering vast regions of the Byzantine and Sassanian empires, including Syria, Egypt, Persia, and Iraq.

Hazrat Uthman ibn Affan (R.A.) (644 - 656 CE), Hazrat Uthman (RA) was known for compiling the Quran into a single book form.

Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A.) (656 - 661 CE), The fourth caliph, and the first to be elected following Hazrat Uthman’s death.
Muawiya I (661 - 680 CE), After the assassination (shahadat) of Hazrat Ali (R.A.).
The Battle of Karbala (680 CE), A pivotal event in Islamic history where the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Imam Hussain (R.A.), was martyred.
Decline of the Umayyads, By the mid-8th century, the Umayyad Caliphate faced internal revolts and economic troubles. In 750 CE, the Abbasid revolution overthrew the Umayyads, marking the end of their rule in the east.

The Golden Age of Islam, The Abbasids ushered in a golden age of culture, science, philosophy, and literature. The Abbasid capital, Baghdad.

Major Contributions, Scholars such as Al-Khwarizmi (mathematician), Ibn Sina (physician), and Al-Farabi (philosopher) emerged during this period.

The Decline, By the 9th and 10th centuries, the Abbasid Caliphate began to lose political control as regional dynasties, such as the Fatimids, Seljuks, and others, grew in power.

The Seljuk Turks, and later the Ottoman Turks, played a critical role in the political landscape of the Islamic world. The Ottomans emerged as one of the most powerful and lasting empires.

Sultan Selim I (1512 - 1520 CE), Known as Selim the Grim, he was the 9th sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

The Ottoman Empire’s Expansion, Sultan Selim I’s reign solidified Ottoman power in the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe.

Allah Hafiz