Mirza Mazhar Janejanan मिर्ज़ा मज़हर जान-ए-जानांمرزا مظہر جان جاناں کی سوانح حیات اور مزار کی تاریخ

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Biography of Mirza Mazhar Jan-i Janan and the history of his shrine

Dekhti Aankhooon aur sountay kaanoon ko Asslamoalaikum, sisters, brothers friends and elders, in informative series videos of Islamic ascolars, sufisaints, cultural heritages, islamic philosophys, islamic mysticisms and historical figures. today we are describing biography of Mirza Mazhar Jani Janan and the history of his shrine.

Mirza Mazhar Jan-i Janan, also known by his laqab Shamsudd?n Habibullah (13 March 1699 – 6 January 1781), was a renowned Hanafi Maturidi Naqshband? Sufi poet of Delhi, distinguished as one of the "four pillars of Urdu poetry." He was also known to his contemporaries as the sunn?tar?sh, "Sunnicizer", for his absolute, unflinching commitment to and imitation of the Sunnah.

The date of birth is variously given as 1111 or 1113 A.H, and it took place in Kala Bagh, Malwa, according to one source, while according to another source he was born in Agra. Shaikh Muhammad Tahir Bakhshi notes his date of birth as 11th Ramadan 1111 AH. He was born into a noble family of Alvi Syed Awan parentage that served in the administration of the Mughals. His father Mirza Jan was employed in the army of the mighty Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Following a custom according to which the Emperor had the right to name the sons of his officers, Aurangzeb is reported to have said:

"A son is the soul of his father. Since the name of his father is Mirza Jan, the name of the son will be Jan-i Janan."

His early religious instruction was entrusted to hajji Afzal Siyalkoti (hadith) and hafiz Abd al-Rasul Dihlawi (Qur'an). At the age of 18, he joined the Naqshbandi order under Nur Muhammad Bada'uni, who was closely connected to the teachings of Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi, and completed his studies in four years. He was also initiated in the Qadiri, Chishti and Suhrawardi orders.

In his prime, Mazhar was advised to write poetry in Urdu rather than Persian as the days of the latter language were said to be numbered in India. Besides authoring poetry and polemics, Mazhar also wrote a large number of letters relating to Sufi thought and practice.

Among his 'disciples' or Muridin was the great Hanafi scholar, Qadi Thanaullah Panipati, who wrote a famous Tafsir of the Qur'an by the name Tafsir-i Mazhari, which he named after his teacher. Also in his spiritual lineage (silsila) came the great Hanafi jurist Imam Ibn 'Abidin and the Qur'an exegete Allama Alusi.

His Naqshbandi lineage came to be known as Mazhariyya Shamsiyya. Mazhar apparently authorized more disciples than any of his predecessors. He regularly corresponded with his deputies, and his letters form much of the basis of our knowledge about his life and ideas.

He was succeeded by his khalifa (deputy) Abdullah alias Shah Ghulam Ali Dahlavi, who is considered Mujaddid of the 13th Islamic century by most Naqshbandi followers today. His tariqah spread to whole India and Middle East.

Mirza Mazhar was shot and seriously injured on the 7th of Muharram, of the year 1195 AH/1780 CE. The author of Ab-i Hayat writes:

"The cause of this murder was widely rumored in Delhi among high and low: that according to custom, on the seventh day [of Mu?arram], the standards were carried aloft [in procession]. Mirza Mazhar sat by the side of the road in the upper veranda of his house, with some of his special disciples. Just as ordinary barbarous people do, his [Sunni] group and the [Shia] procession group may perhaps have hurled some insults and abuse, and some barbarous person was offended. Among them was one stony-hearted person named Faulad [=steel] khan, who was extremely barbarous. He did this evil deed. But Hakim Qudratullah khan 'Qasim', in his anthology, says that in his poetry Mirza Sahib used to compose a number of verses in praise of Hazrat Ali, and some Sunni took this amiss and did this evil deed.

The author of Ab-i hayat, a determined Shi'a, has been suspected of indulging in partisan religious bias. Professor Frances Pritchett has noted that the latter account of the death of Mirza Mazhar in ab-i hayat is a deliberate distortion. Professor Friedmann, as well as Annemarie Schimmel and Itzchad Weismann, have all noted that Mirz? Mazhar was killed by a Shi'ite zealot.

Most of his Urdu biographers have also written that he was killed by a gunshot by a Shi'ite on 7th Muharram, and he died on 10th Muharram 1195 AH.

Mirza Mazhar belonged to the Mujaddidi sect of Sufism, which is a main branch of Naqshbandi Sufi Tariqa. His spiritual lineage goes through Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi, the Mujaddid of eleventh Hijri century.

In Maqamat Mazhari, his foremost Khalifa and successor Shah Ghulam Ali Dahlwai writes short biographies of many of his Khulafa (deputies). Among them were:

Qadi Thanaullah Panipati, author of Tafsir Mazhari and other notable Islamic books, descendant of Usman the third caliph of Islam.

Mawlana FadalUllah, elder brother of Qadi Thanaullah Panipati
Mawlana AhmadUllah, eldest son of Qadi Thanaullah Panipati, famous for his braveness and fighting skills
Wife of Qadi Thanaullah Panipati

With this, we seek your permission until tomorrow, tomorrow we will describe the biography of Sayyid Muhammad Jaunpuri and the history of his Shrine. Allah Hafiz.
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