The Core Of The Heart Is A Vortex And True Discovery On A Healing Requires Energy

The Heart Is A Sacred Geometry Vortex And Core Of The Heart Is A True Vortex And The Heart Is Not A Pump. So Your Heart Is A Kind Of True Tetrahedron. The heart is an organ of flow regulation, in the movement of the blood stream and in the warmth organization. This organ permits the blood to pulsate in its own rhythm, just as the brain permits thoughts to form. The heart is not a pump - the vascular system itself is the pump. More like a vortical engine. Blood flow is based on structured water and free flowing water interactions... after realizing this my cardiovascular system is healthier than ever.

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To all of you (us) that focus on meditations of the heart and simply being in the state of love, please know that your contribution to our world is magnificent indeed.

Blessings to all who spend their days activating the power of the heart and sharing this most potent elixir with the world.

A scientifically controlled study conducted by German researchers at the University of Kassel has shown that while the chest area of an average person emits only 20 photons of light per second, someone who meditates on their heart center and sends love and light to others emits an amazing 100,000 photons per second. That is 5000 times more than the average human being. Numerous studies have also shown that when these photons are infused with a loving and healing intent, their frequency and vibration increases to the point where they can literally change matter, heal disease, and transform negative events.The Heart also Loves, feels, thinks and remembers and communicates with other Hearts. It stores information and continually with each beat pulses this information through the body. It is far more than what modern science would have you believe. It is also a pump that pumps the cellular symphony that is the very essence of your being and it is a magnetic and radiating vortex and the true source of human power.

The Heart as a Vortex
The concept of the heart as a vortex is not directly related to the traditional understanding of the human heart as a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood. Instead, it appears to be a metaphorical or spiritual interpretation. In the context of Sedona’s vortexes, the heart is seen as a vortex, suggesting a swirling center of energy that is conducive to healing, meditation, and self-discovery.

True Discovery
True discovery, in this context, may refer to the idea of uncovering one’s inner truth, spiritual nature, or higher self. The vortexes in Sedona are believed to facilitate this process by amplifying and aligning one’s energy with the natural environment. This concept is echoed in the book “The Heart Of The Vortex: An Insiders Guide To The Mystery And Magic Of Sedona’s Vortexes” by Richard J. Anderson, which provides guidance on exploring Sedona’s vortexes and their potential for spiritual growth.

White Gold
White gold is not explicitly mentioned in the context of the heart or vortexes in Sedona. However, it’s possible that white gold is being used as a metaphor for spiritual or enlightened awareness, similar to how gold is often associated with spiritual or higher states of consciousness. In this sense, “True Discovery White Gold” could represent the attainment of a higher level of awareness, understanding, or connection to oneself and the universe.

Key Takeaways
The heart is metaphorically represented as a vortex in Sedona’s vortexes, symbolizing a center of energy conducive to spiritual growth and self-discovery.

True discovery refers to the process of uncovering one’s inner truth, spiritual nature, or higher self through the amplification and alignment of energy facilitated by Sedona’s vortexes.

White gold may be used as a metaphor for spiritual or enlightened awareness, representing the attainment of a higher level of consciousness or connection to oneself and the universe.

Insights from Science
Research on vortex ring behavior in the human heart, as presented in the scientific report “Vortex ring behavior provides the epigenetic blueprint for the human heart,” suggests that the shape and function of the heart are influenced by fluid dynamics and vortex ring formation. This phenomenon may provide unique insights into the development and adaptation of the heart, potentially shedding light on the mysteries of cardiac embryogenesis and cardiac health.

Practical Applications
For those interested in exploring Sedona’s vortexes, Richard J. Anderson’s book provides practical guidance on finding and experiencing these energy centers. The book includes photographs, maps, and suggestions for what to do when visiting the vortexes, making it a valuable resource for those seeking a deeper connection with themselves and the natural world.

Conclusion
The concept of “The Heart Is A Vortex And True Discovery White Gold” appears to be a metaphorical and spiritual interpretation, drawing from the idea of Sedona’s vortexes as centers of energy conducive to self-discovery and spiritual growth. While white gold may not be explicitly mentioned in the context of Sedona’s vortexes, it could be used as a metaphor for spiritual awareness. The scientific report on vortex ring behavior in the human heart offers insights into the development and adaptation of the heart, while Richard J. Anderson’s book provides practical guidance for exploring Sedona’s vortexes.

Discovery in Sedona's Vortices
“Discovery White Gold” is a concept that draws inspiration from Sedona’s vortexes, which are believed to be concentrated areas of energy that facilitate self-discovery and spiritual growth. In this metaphorical and spiritual context, “Discovery White Gold” represents the pursuit of inner wisdom, illumination, and enlightenment.

Key Elements:
Vortex Energy: Sedona’s vortexes are thought to amplify and concentrate the Earth’s energy, creating a powerful and dynamic force that can enhance spiritual experiences.

Self-Discovery: The vortex energy is conducive to introspection, allowing individuals to tap into their inner selves, explore their thoughts, emotions, and desires, and gain a deeper understanding of their true nature.

Spiritual Growth: As individuals connect with the vortex energy, they may experience a sense of spiritual awakening, leading to a greater sense of purpose, compassion, and harmony with the world around them.

White Gold: This metaphorical term represents the precious and valuable insights, wisdom, and understanding gained through this spiritual journey. White gold symbolizes purity, clarity, and illumination, reflecting the transformative power of self-discovery and spiritual growth.

Implications:
“Discovery White Gold” encourages individuals to embark on a journey of self-reflection and exploration, seeking to uncover their inner truths and spiritual potential.

This concept acknowledges the importance of Sedona’s vortexes as sacred sites for spiritual growth and self-discovery.

It invites individuals to tap into the concentrated energy of these vortexes, using them as a catalyst for personal transformation and spiritual evolution.
By embracing “Discovery White Gold” as a metaphorical and spiritual interpretation, individuals can cultivate a deeper understanding of themselves and the world, leading to a more fulfilling and meaningful life.

Gold’s supposed health benefits fall into three categories: medicine, cosmetics, and cuisine. Let’s dissect them one by one:

Gold Cosmetics
Many excited claims and anecdotes about the cosmetic use of gold leaf gush from beauty websites, echoing the magic word “rejuvenation.” An aesthetician quoted in Harper’s Bazaar explains this phenomenon by saying that “The gold will dissolve on your skin’s surface to instantly reflect light, and tiny particles will seep in to protect against fine lines and discoloration.” Sara Menegazzo, Marino’s daughter, tells me that it makes her skin “more luminous, even rosier. It’s wonderful to do in the winter.”

Could gold be the hidden fountain of youth? “There are not enough studies yet on the cosmetic use of gold,” says dermatologist Robert Anolik, of Dr. Brandt Dermatology Associates in New York. For his part, Dr. Brandon Worley, dermatologist at The Ottawa Hospital (Canada), told me that gold leaf “does not really provide any major skin benefit. It sits on the surface of the skin.” It might feel like it’s doing something simply because the metal reflects light. “Plus, you have taken off the dead skin,” Worley says, “which gives you a glow. Any good facial will do this.” Even the marketing director of a cosmetic company that uses gold admitted in Bazaar that the appeal may be more emotional than scientific. “Women just love seeing gold on their skin.”

Golden Tonics
In 1929, a French doctor discovered gold did indeed have anti-inflammatory properties; since then, gold compounds have been used in drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis. (Studies also have been made on the efficacy of gold to treat or ease the symptoms of cervical cancer, prostate cancer, Alzheimer’s, nerve sensitivity restoration, and aging.)

Gold in suspension was swallowed for various medical problems since the 1500s when Paracelsus, the “father of toxicology,” pioneered the use of minerals in medicine. By the middle of the 16th century, gold leaf on food became so common in some European countries that it had to be limited to two dishes per meal so as not to exhaust the gold supply.

Radioactive gold particles also have been used in cancer treatment. They are used to apply careful amounts of radiation to targeted areas of cancer treatment. One study found that it could be used on prostate cancer but without the typical side effects of normal radiation.

Shimmering Dinners
While eating gold has recently become trendy in the West, it’s nothing new. In 3000 B.C., the Egyptians believed that gold was the skin and flesh of the gods, so they consumed it for mental, bodily, and spiritual purification, seeing gold as a gateway to immortality. Gold- or silver-wrapped sweets have been popular in India and Southeast Asia for centuries.

At the height of the Renaissance, European noblemen sought to impress their guests by decorating their food (bread, oysters, quail, carp) with gold leaf at banquets and weddings. In Renaissance Venice, gold-covered, sugared almonds were offered after the meal in the belief that gold strengthened the heart and protected against rheumatism—a belief that later proved to have some merit.

But while gold obviously makes every dish more gorgeous, it can’t make them nutritious. “There appear to be no harmful effects if gold leaf is eaten,” says Mark Grimwade, consultant to the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths in London. “This is not surprising because gold is chemically inert.” Some cultures, and modern enthusiasts, believe that gold can “replenish minerals” in the body, but this is fantastical, as is the so-called “monoatomic gold” marketed as a cure for almost everything. “Edible gold leaf has no taste, texture, calories, or expiration date,” says science journalist L.V. Anderson. “Pure gold passes through the human digestive system without being absorbed into the body. Since 24-karat gold is very soft and fragile, most edible gold—whether leaf, flakes, or dust—also contains a little bit of silver, which is also inert.”

In short, gold clearly feeds the eye more than the body; all the same, the European Union has approved gold and silver leaf as “food additives” (code E 174 and E 175).

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the U.S. only certifies them as non-toxic. They are also kosher.

Randle and Krebs Cycles
The Randle cycle, also known as the glucose-fatty acid cycle, is a metabolic pathway that describes the reciprocal inhibition of glucose and fatty acid oxidation in muscle and adipose tissue. It was first proposed by Philip Randle and colleagues in 1963.

Key points:
Glucose and fatty acid competition: In the presence of high fatty acid concentrations, glucose oxidation is inhibited, and vice versa.

Allosteric control: The Randle cycle involves allosteric regulation of key enzymes, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase-1, which are influenced by the availability of glucose and fatty acids.

Energy balance: The Randle cycle helps maintain energy balance by adjusting the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids in response to changes in nutrient availability.

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
The Krebs cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within the mitochondria of cells. It is a central hub for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Key points:
Acetyl-CoA entry: The Krebs cycle begins with the entry of acetyl-CoA, which is derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Eight enzyme-catalyzed reactions: The Krebs cycle involves eight enzyme-catalyzed reactions, including the conversion of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

Redox reactions: The Krebs cycle generates reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) and oxidizes acetyl-CoA, releasing carbon dioxide and water.
Relationship between Randle Cycle and Krebs Cycle

Interplay between glucose and fatty acid oxidation: The Randle cycle and Krebs cycle are interconnected, as the availability of glucose and fatty acids influences the activity of enzymes involved in both pathways.

Regulation of Krebs cycle flux: The Randle cycle regulates the flux through the Krebs cycle by modulating the availability of acetyl-CoA and other intermediates.

Shared enzymes and coenzymes: Enzymes and coenzymes involved in the Randle cycle, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase and NADH, also participate in the Krebs cycle.

In summary, the Randle cycle and Krebs cycle are two distinct metabolic pathways that interact and influence each other. The Randle cycle regulates the balance between glucose and fatty acid oxidation, while the Krebs cycle is a central hub for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, generating ATP and reducing equivalents.

The Heart is Not a Pump
A Refutation of the Pressure Propulsion Premise of Heart Function.

Abstract
In 1932, Bremer of Harvard filmed the blood in the very early embryo circulating in self-propelled mode in spiraling streams before the heart was functioning. Amazingly, he was so impressed with the spiraling nature of the blood flow pattern that he failed to realize that the phenomena before him had demolished the pressure propulsion principle. Earlier in 1920, Steiner, of the Goethean in Switzerland had pointed out in lectures to medical doctors that the heart was not a pump forcing inert blood to move with pressure but that the blood was propelled with its own biological momentum, as can be seen in the embryo, and boosts itself with "induced" momenta from the heart. He also stated that the pressure does not cause the blood to circulate but is caused by interrupting the circulation. Experimental corroboration of Steiner's concepts in the embryo and adult is herein presented.

Introduction
The fact that the heart by itself is incapable of sustaining the circulation of the blood was known to physicians of antiquity. They looked for auxiliary forces of blood movement in various types of 'etherisation' and 'pneumatization' or ensoulment of the blood on its passage through the heart and lungs. With the dawn of modern science and over the past three hundred years, such concepts became untenable. The mechanistic concept of the heart as a hydraulic pump prevailed and became firmly established around the middle of the nineteenth century.

The heart, an organ weighing about three hundred grams, is supposed to 'pump' some eight thousand liters of blood per day at rest and much more during activity, without fatigue. In terms of mechanical work this represents the lifting of approximately 100 pounds one mile high! In terms of capillary flow, the heart is performing an even more prodigious task of 'forcing' the blood with a viscosity five times greater than that of water through millions of capillaries with diameters often smaller than the red blood cells themselves! Clearly, such claims go beyond reason and imagination. Due to the complexity of the variables involved, it has been impossible to calculate the true peripheral resistance even of a single organ, let alone of the entire peripheral circulation. Also, the concept of a centralized pressure source (the heart) generating excessive pressure at its source, so that sufficient pressure remains at the remote capillaries, is not an elegant one.

Our understanding and therapy of the key areas of cardiovascular pathophysiology, such as septic shock, hypertension and myocardial ischemia are far from complete. The impact of spending billions of dollars on cardiovascular research using an erroneous premise is enormous. In relation to this, the efforts to construct a satisfactory artificial heart have yet to bear fruit. Within the confines of contemporary biological and medical thinking, the propulsive force of the blood remains a mystery. If the heart really does not furnish the blood with the total motive force, where is the source of the auxiliary force and what is its nature? The answer to those questions will foster a new level of understanding of the phenomena of life in the biological sciences and enable physicians to rediscover the human being which, all too often, many feel they have lost.

Overview
Implicit in the notion of pressure propulsion in the cardiovascular system are the following four major concepts.

Blood is naturally inert and therefore must be forced to circulate.

There is a random mix of the formed particles in the blood.

The cells in the blood are under pressure at all times.

The blood is amorphous and is forced to fill its vessels and thereby takes on their form.

However, there are observations that challenge these notions. It is seen that the blood has its own form, the vortex, which determines rather than conforms to the shape of the vascular lumen and circulates in the embryo with its own inherent biological momentum before the heart begins to function. Just as an inert vortex in nature pulses radially and longitudinally, we tentatively assume that blood is also free to pulse and is not subject to the pulse-restricting pressure implied in the pressure propulsion concept. The blood is not propelled by pressure but by its own biological momenta boosted by the heart.

When the heart begins to function, it enhances the blood's momentum with spiraling impulses. The arteries serve a subsidiary mimical heart function by providing spiraling boosts to the circulating blood. In so doing the arteries dilate to receive the incoming blood and contract to deliver an impulse to increase the blood's momentum.

History
Galileo's Heart
The history of the pressure propulsion premise goes back to Galileo and Leonardo da Vinci. The concept of the heart functioning as a pressure pump that forces the blood, assumed to be amorphous and inanimate, into its vessels and taking on the shape of its vessels was suggested by Borelli 1, a student and a close friend of Galileo, who observed the spiraling heart and compared its function to wringing the water out of a wet cloth. Borelli did not confirm his conjecture with experiments but was supported by misleading drawings of the left ventricle found later in Leonardo's work. In Leonardo's Notebooks the left ventricle wall was shown to be of uniform thickness as one expects to find in a pressure chamber.

However, quite the contrary, the left ventricle wall thickness varies by about 1800%, as we found by dissecting bovine hearts. The thickness ranges from 0.23 cm in the apex to 4.3 cm in the equatorial area. The apex wall is so soft and weak that it can be pierced with the index finger. The peculiar variability in the ventricular wall thickness is not in keeping with the idea of the heart being a pressure generator. However, one could conceive of such a wall configuration as maximizing the moment inertia with no static pressure in the ventricle. The thin, flexible, cone shaped apex and suspension from the aorta suggest the accommodation of a twisting function especially, when taking into account the spiral orientation of the myocardial muscle layers.

Heart
The rotary motion of the heart, arteries, and blood has been measured or detected by several investigators. With slight variations, the erroneous sketch in Leonardo's Notebooks has been used in most biology, physiology, and medical texts during the last few hundred years as well as in most modern anatomy texts in the last decades. Thus, false sketches have served to bear witness to a false premise.

William Harvey (1578-1657) attended the University of Padua while Galileo was on its Faculty. He seemed to be deciding in favor of momentum propulsion from his own experiments focusing on the blood flow and pressure propulsion probably under the influence of Borelli who focused on heart motion. At times he implied a momentum propulsion concept: "The auricle (atria) throws the blood into the ventricle" and "the ventricle projects the moving blood into the aorta." "The blood is projected by each pulsation of the heart." At other times he used expressions that imply a pressure propulsion concept. "The heart squeezes out the blood." "The blood is forced into the aorta by contraction of the ventricle." In a few cases he speaks of the pressure of the blood. However, he also used neutral terms, "the blood is transferred, transfused, transmitted, and sent" - from place to place.

Subsequent investigators who helped to firmly establish the pressure propulsion concept were as follows: Stephen Hales (1677-1761) who inserted a glass tube into the artery of a horse and assumed that the column of blood was balanced out by static pressure. Jean-Leonard-Marie Poiseuille (1799-1869) discovered that arterial dilation was in phase with ventricular ejection. Therefore, he assumed that the dilation was the passive response to the pressure in the blood. Among other things he substituted a mercury manometer for the blood manometer of Hales. Carl Ludwig (1816-1895) invented the recording manometer by adding a float with writing pen and moving chart to Poiseuille's mercury manometer, and ushered in the age of continuous pressure recording. Finally, Scipione Riva-Rocci (1896-1903) perfected the sphygmomanometer in 1903 and brought the consideration of blood pressure into clinical practice.

Rotary Motion of Heart
The Problem and Its Proposed Solution
The problematic situation in cardiovascular physiology was expressed by Berne and Levy 3 who wrote: "The problem of treating pulsatile flow through the cardiovascular system in precise mathematical terms is virtually insuperable." A fundamental aspect of this problem relates to the fact that the major portion of our knowledge of cardiac dynamics has been deduced from pressure curves. In fact our knowledge of the system has two independent sources: experimentally determined facts and logically deduced concepts from the pressure propulsion premise. The situation is so confusing that some life scientists are considering chaos theory and mathematics to try to find the order in the system. It will be shown that the chaos derives from a mix of facts and conjectures and not from the nature of the phenomenon itself.

It is our purpose to demonstrate that Borelli's premise is incorrect and to propose the concept that the blood is propelled by a unique form of momentum. First, the aortic arch does not respond as expected if the blood in it were under pressure. The aorta is a curved tube; as such it has the basic form of the widely used pressure sensitive element of the Bourdon tube gage.

When the curved tube of the Bourdon gage is subject to positive pressure, it is forced to straighten out as one sees in a garden hose. When subject to a negative pressure, the tube's curvature is increased. During the systolic ejection (period when blood is ejected from ventricle), the aorta's curvature is seen to increase, signifying that the aorta is not undergoing a positive pressure, but rather is undergoing a negative pressure.

We demonstrate that this negative pressure is that associated with the vacuum center of traveling vortices of blood. Thus the motion of the aorta, when considered as nature's own pressure sensor, contradicts the pressure propulsion premise. Of course, the swirling streams of the vortex have potential pressure, so any attempt to measure pressure will result in a positive pressure reading due to interrupted momenta.

Movement without applied pressure is movement with momentum, as we observe so dramatically in the long leaps of racing cats. It is also manifest in nature in flowing water in open streams, traveling tornadoes, and jet streams which are actually horizontal spirals of air and moisture that can be thousands of miles long and move around like meandering rivers in the upper atmosphere. A thrown ball in its trajectory also moves without pressure.

What about the measured blood pressure? The concept under consideration here is the well known ratio of force to area:

The pressure is an arithmetical ratio derived from the average force of the moving blood, and as such, indicates the phenomenon of the moving blood indirectly.

In a momentum system the pressure is a potential while the object is in motion and becomes manifest when the velocity is impeded:

The blood moves with various velocities in its vortex streams. At the moment of impact of an object moving with momentum, the velocity decreases while the pressure of a certain magnitude appears.

Rudolf Steiner, scientist and philosopher, pointed out on several occasions that the blood moves autonomously, and that the pressure is not the cause of blood flow but the result of it. The clinicians of old used elaborate methods of describing the nature of the arterial pulse and the ictus cordis or the apex beat, which is the impulse of the heart against the chest wall. Many descriptive terms such as thready pulse of hypovolemic shock, collapsing or water-hammer pulse of aortic incompetence and `heaving' apical impulse of left ventricular hypertrophy, convey the intuitive understanding of the real mechanism of the heart's action.

An attempt to characterize left ventricular function by indices such as the maximal velocity of contraction,
and the maximum change of left ventricular pressure with time
suggests the felt inadequacy of the simple pressure propulsion concept.

Flow and Pressure
Considerations
When fluid mass is subject to force in the form of a pressure, it will first resist movement because of its inertia and viscosity. In a pressure driven system the pressure rises faster than the fluid moves; the pressure will peak before the fluid velocity peaks. However, when one simultaneously measures pressure and flow in the aorta, the peak flow markedly precedes the peak pressure. This phenomenon was observed as early as 1860 by Chauveau and Lortet and, as reported by McDonald, it contradicts the law of inertia in the pressure propulsion concept. While this phase relationship actually confirms the momentum propulsion principle, it nevertheless remained a source of conjecture for a considerable period of time in the 1950s until it was `rescued' with the help of elaborate mathematical modeling for oscillating flow.

An observation in favor of the concept of the blood having its own momentum was reported by Noble in 1968. By simultaneous pressure measurements in the left ventricle and the root of the aorta of a dog, he demonstrated that the pressure in the left ventricle exceeds the aortic pressure only during the first half of the systole and that the aortic pressure is actually higher during the second half. He found it paradoxical that the ejected blood from the ventricle continues into the aorta despite the positive pressure gradient. The erroneous concept of left ventricular pressure exceeding the aortic pressure during entire systole proposed by Wiggers in 1928 is still depicted in many modern texts of physiology. Noble proposed that this type of pressure pattern could be a result of momentum flow; however, this idea was overshadowed by the edifice of pressure propulsion.

The concept of pressure propulsion sent physiologists and scientists from diverse fields on a crusade that resulted in numerous hypotheses and theories about the cardiovascular system mechanics. The saying that, "fluid dynamists in the nineteenth century were divided into hydraulic engineers who observed what could not be explained and mathematicians who explained things that could not be observed," still stands true to this very day.

Embryological Observations
Steiner indicated that embryology provides the clues for solving the problem of the circulation. In relation to this, Bremer performed a remarkable series of observations of blood circulation in the very early chick embryo before the formation of the heart valves. He described the two streams of spiraling blood with different forward velocities in the single tube stage heart. Nevertheless, the blood is noted to have a definite direction of flow within the conduits and moves without an apparent propelling mechanism. These streams spiral around their own longitudinal axes and around each other. The streams appear to be a considerable distance apart, do not fill their vessels, and appear to be in discontinuous segments.

In a movie made by Bremer of the beating embryonic heart, one observes that the spiraling blood is boosted by the pulsating heart without creating turbulence in the blood. This suggests that the momentum transfer occurring between the heart and blood is in phase; the heart must somehow sense the motion of the blood and respond to it in turn with a spiraling impulses at the same velocities as the blood, thereby combining blood and heart momenta.

It is assumed that heart muscle layers have the same velocity distribution pattern as the concentric streams of a free vortex to enable heart and blood motions to couple in multi-velocity phase. It was significant to observe that the movement of the heart occurred with minimal inward motion of the heart wall. That the streaming of the blood can be observed before the functioning of the heart is supported by observations that the circulation in the early chick embryo is maintained for around 10 minutes after the heart had been excised. Moreover, the inherent mobility of the blood was highlighted by Pomerance and Davies, who found an embryo that lived to term without a heart but was born dead and grossly disfigured. Thus, the composite view of the embryonic cardiovascular system tells us that the blood is not propelled by pressure, but rather moves with its own biological momentum and with its own intrinsic flow pattern.

Alternations of Liquid and Gas Vortices in the Blood

The existence of apparently empty space between and within the spiraling liquid stream can be explained as space filled with gas or vapor. However, this hypothesis appears absurd when considering that even small bubbles in the arterial side of circulation can result in significant embolism. Each 100 cm of arterial blood contains 0.3 ml of free physically dissolved oxygen, 2.6 ml of carbon dioxide and 1 ml of nitrogen.

The importance of the small amount of dissolved oxygen is recognized only in extreme cases of anemia when it becomes a significant alternative source of tissue oxygenation. When viewed in terms of a highly differentiated distribution of solid, liquid and vapor/gas components of the composite vortex, this amount of free gas assumes critical importance.

The fact that the gas is elusive in the escaping liquid blood is very much in accord with the finding that the blood, as individualized liquid and gas vortices, moves with pressure-free momentum. The vortex in tornadoes is a very stable cohesive configuration with a vacuum center strongly held together by a centripetal force system. It does not have the physical properties of amorphous gas under pressure that tends to expand.

To further elucidate our observations, we contrived a model ventricle with a sealed, inverted cone-shaped, 0.5 liter clear glass flask filled with water. The instrumentation consisted of installing two tubes within the flask connected to pressure transducers to record vacuum in the vortex center and the potential pressure impulse in the momentum of the swirling water. The signal of pressure versus time was displayed on the oscilloscope screen and also fed to the computer for further analysis. The `ventricle' was operated by holding it in the hand and giving it a wobble and twist simultaneously to create a vortex. To enhance visibility, we filled the canister with methylene blue colored water.

Even the most energetic operation resulted in virtually no motion of the water. With some experimenting we determined that unless the model ventricle had about 1/3 of its volume as air space, a vortex could not be formed. This led us to reason that the highly organized gas/rarified plasma is a necessary component of the blood vortex. This also raises the question of how the gas and fluid elements can express the life property of locomotion.

The idea of the composite blood cells-plasma-gas vortex is in accord with the 'gaps' in the flow of the embryonic vessels. To evaluate how valid our model ventricle was, we measured its potential impulse pressure (blood pressure as it is typically measured) in the swirling water and the vacuum in its center and found them to be in the range of +130 to -180 mm Hg, respectively.

Furthermore, we constructed a glass 'ventricle' with an attached 'aorta' and showed that up to 50% of the volume of the liquid could be ejected by subjecting it to a rotary-wobbling impulse, without the inward motion of the 'ventricular' wall.

A Well Known Vortex Function
It is well known that the pattern of blood flow through the heart significantly contributes to heart valve dynamics as has been shown by several studies utilizing contrast cineradiography and more recently color Doppler imaging. Taylor and Wade 12 confirmed stable vortex flow patterns behind the cusps of mitral and tricuspid valves visualizing the fine stream contrast injection. Furthermore, the vortex formation in the aortic sinus has not only been demonstrated in the model heart, but also visualized with three-directional magnetic resonance velocity mapping. Without the vortex formation in the aortic sinus, it is conceivable that with the blood rushing out of the left ventricular outflow tract at one to two meters per second, the coronary arteries would be ill perfused, as is the case in severe aortic stenosis (narrowing), where high velocity blood flow does not allow for formation of the normal supravalvular vortices.

Evidence of Momentum Flow in the Adult
Not only is the blood flow well maintained in the embryo before the formation of the valves; there are reports of adults in whom both infected tricuspid and pulmonary valves were surgically removed and not replaced by prosthetic valves, without significant problems. Werner et al. using two dimensional echocardiography observed that the mitral and aortic valves were open during external chest compression and that cardiac chambers were passive and did not change in size.

The Perpetual Vortex in the Ventricle
The widely used technique of cardiac output measurement using the thermodilution method is fraught with significant deviations of individual measurements. This technique is based on the principle of warm blood mixing with the bolus of cold saline in the ventricle and detecting the rise in temperature of the resulting mixture in the pulmonary artery. A final value is obtained by averaging the results of several measurements.

By measuring electrical conductivity at various locations in the left ventricle of a dog, Irisawa was unable to show uniform mixing of saline. The conductivity records showed the swirling streams of blood of different concentrations of saline within the ventricles during systole and diastole (the dilation or expansion stage of the heart muscles that allows the heart cavities to fill with blood), further supporting the concept of the highly organized vortical patterns inside the chambers of the heart.

Brecher conducted an experiment on a dog that demonstrated a region of continuous negative pressure in the ventricle by observing the continuous flow of Ringer's solution from a vessel outside the heart through a cannula positioned in the left ventricle via the atrial auricle. This further confirms our concept of the persistence of the vortex in the ventricle with its negative pressure center and positive pressure impulse potential in its swirling periphery throughout the cardiac cycle. Thus the heart as a minimum functional organ consists not only of its tissue but also of the perpetual vortex of blood which provides the perpetual vacuum in its center that probably helps to pull the blood back to the heart from capillaries and veins. The persistence of the vortex explains the anomaly to engineers of a supposed pump that retains 40 % of its charge with each ejection; a pump is expected to eject close to 100 % of its charge. As a pump concept it is absurd; as presented herein it is ingenious. Pettigrew found three columns of spiraling blood in the left ventricle.

Orbiting Blood Corpuscles
In contrast to the parabolic velocity profile assumed by small particle suspensions in rigid tubes of small diameter under pressure, the cellular elements in the blood arrange themselves in a flow pattern in vivo, such that the heavier red blood cells orbit nearest the center with lighter platelets in more distant orbits surrounded by a sleeve of plasma at the vessel wall. Such an ordered arrangement of blood particle configuration in a sectional view of the arteries denies an omnidirectional pressure propulsion mechanism and confirms the vortex/momenta premise.

One can demonstrate this phenomenon of differentiation by mass in the vortex by allowing spheres chosen for convenience, same size (3 mm diameter), differently colored for different weight, to swirl freely in water. It will be seen that the heaviest spheres orbit nearest the center of rotation. The vortex orbital velocities increase as the orbits approach the center of rotation. On the contrary, during the time that a force couple is applied to rotate the vessel, creating a forced vortex, all of the spheres are forced out to the periphery where the velocities are the greatest as in a centrifuge.

To further confirm the existence of the free vortex velocity pattern in vivo, we probed the blood flow in the carotid artery by positioning a Doppler transducer at 900 to the wall to sense the blood's swirling motion and processed the Doppler echoes through a variable band pass filter looking for frequency (velocity) distribution patterns. We detected echoes from groupings of particles at 400 to 650 Hz, 650 to 900 Hz and below 200 Hz Doppler-shifted frequencies. These three groupings indicate three separate orbital regions and velocities. Preliminary observations point to a highly ordered distribution of the blood's cellular and plasma components.

Also, when moving through larger arteries the red cells are in toroidal shape, with their mass at the periphery to maximize the moment of inertia, and are assumed to rotate about their individual axes due to the phenomenon of vorticity (the creation of micro-vortices between swirling layers in the main vortex moving at different velocities). Thus we can expect to find that the billions of red cells are actually traveling in their own unique space as further evidence of the extreme order of the blood motion.

The Spiral Theme
The spiral theme is also apparent in the heart and vessel form and function. The musculature of the heart and arteries all the way down to the pre-capillaries is spirally oriented, and both the heart and arteries move spirally to augment the momenta of the blood. The literature on anatomical and physiological considerations of the twisting motion of the heart and vessels is comprehensive and has recently been reviewed. The fact that arterial endothelial cell orientation closely follows the blood flow patterns is well established.

In a group of patients undergoing reconstructive vascular surgery of the lower extremities, Stonebridge and Brophy observed by direct angioscopy examination that the inner surface of arteries was organized in a series of spiral folds that sometimes protruded into the lumina. They commented that the folds occur as a result of spiral blood flow, which may be more efficient, requiring less energy to drive the blood through tapering and branching arterial system. They also observed the vortexing blood with fiber optics in the region of the endoluminal folds. In relation to this, enthusiasts know that rifled gun barrels forcing spin on the bullet make it more stable in flight and therefore more accurate in reaching its target. In the vessels the blood "grooves" its own conduits for the purpose of enhancing its torsional impulse. However, these spiral folds are not found in excised arteries; they are dynamics of living tissue.

Physiological Conclusions
The autonomic vortex movement of the blood discussed herein is inherent to the blood motion. It is not an accidental local disturbance often explained as turbulence or eddy currents, nor a localized phenomena with a single functional purpose as in heart valve dynamics. From a broader view it is to be expected that blood should so move, considering that fluids in nature tend to move curvilinearly, which is their path of least energy. The extreme expression of this tendency in nature, in terms of order, stability and minimal expenditure of energy are tornados and "jet" streams.

Potential Clinical Consequences
These observations should foster an accelerated understanding of the cardiovascular system through a reexamination of the vast amount of valuable experimental data gathered world wide. Since we have observed that the blood has a highly ordered dynamic form and an ordered blood corpuscle motion, and orientation, we should be able to develop devices and techniques to detect small deviations from group and individual norms and thus form a basis for very early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, which remains the number one cause of death in the U.S. Novel, more effective therapies for cardiovascular disease hopefully will also evolve from this new perspective on cardiovascular physiology.

The Dynamic Heart and Circulation The liver is a chemical factory. The kidney is a waste treatment plant. The heart is a pump. The brain is a computer. If we lived in a more poetic age, we might say, “the heart is a rose.” But a mind at home in the mechanical world of cause and effect can hardly avoid seeing the heart as a pump circulating the blood through the body.

The damaging thing about mechanical models is that they tend to be exclusive. High school or college students don’t usually learn “the heart has some functions that we can interpret in terms of a pressure pump.” Rather, they learn “the heart is a pump.” Mechanical metaphors in science all too often become fixed and literal, losing their vibrancy and openness. This makes them easier and clearer to apply — and also less faithful to life.

The Fluid Heart
The circulatory system is dynamic. While the brain rests firmly and still in its protective casings, the circulatory system lives in rhythmic movement, mediating extremes. Most of the heart, as an organ of movement, consists of muscle fibers (myocardium). These fibers are joined in bands that “present an exceedingly intricate interlacement” (Gray’s Anatomy).

The outer muscle fibers begin at the upper part of the heart and sweep down in counterclockwise curves to the tip (apex) of the heart. There they loop around and form the so-called heart vortex. Those fibers that begin at the front (ventral side) of the heart enter the heart vortex at the back (dorsal side) of the heart while those that begin at the back sweep around to the front. These outer fibers loop around each other, creating the vortex pattern, and then continue into the inside of the muscular wall and spiral back upward. Some of these fibers radiate into the papillary muscles that move the atrio-ventricular valves.

Fibers that lie deeper at the top of the ventricles spiral down — in contrast to the superficial fibers — clockwise. These fibers coil in more tightly and form nearly horizontal loops around the body of the ventricles before they sweep upward again to the top of the heart.

The best way to form a picture of this complex fiber arrangement is to study figure and then try to recreate the spiraling with your hands. With repeated effort you begin to get a sense of the heart’s dynamic structure, which the English anatomist J. Bell Pettrigrew described as “exceedingly simple in principle but wonderfully complicated in detail.”

Muscle consists of about 75% water. The spiraling and looping pattern of the heart fibers, including the beautiful heart vortex, is an image of fluid movement. The blood streaming through the heart also creates loops and vortices. Like the fibers of the heart, this movement is very complex and intricate. In a sense, what the blood does as a fluid has become formed in the muscular structure of the heart.

The direction of blood flow is radically altered by the heart. Venous blood enters the right side of the heart through the superior and inferior caval veins, which are vertically oriented. From the right atrium the blood streams down into the right ventricle and then back upward into the pulmonary artery, which immediately branches horizontally to the right and left to enter the lungs.

n contrast, the blood that enters the left side of the heart comes horizontally from the pulmonary veins. From the left atrium it flows downward into the left ventricle and loops upward into the ascending aorta. At the aortic arch three arteries ascend into the head and arms, while the vertically descending aorta serves the rest of the body.

So the right side of the heart brings vertically flowing blood into the horizontal and the left side of the heart brings horizontally flowing blood into the vertical. This change in orientation is clearly evident in the drawing of the cross that is formed by the caval veins and the pulmonary veins.

The streams of blood entering the right atrium from the superior and inferior caval veins do not collide, but turn forward and rotate clockwise, forming a vortex. The blood streaming into the left atrium also forms a vortex, but it turns counterclockwise. When the atrio-ventricular valves open, the blood streams into the relaxed ventricles, again rotating, forming vortices that redirect the flow of blood. Momentarily the blood ceases its flow and then the semilunar valves (which separate the ventricles from the outgoing arteries) open and the blood streams into the pulmonary artery and the aorta.

The coiling, looping heart fibers create contractions that mirror and facilitate this streaming, looping blood flow unique to each chamber. During systole (contraction) the heart moves downward and oscillates slightly to the sides and also rotates around its own axis. During diastole (relaxation) it moves upward and rotates back in the opposite direction. Only the heart’s interwoven spiraling muscle fibers can produce this kind of complex motion.

We see that blood flow, the form of the heart, the pattern of its fibers, and the motion of the heartbeat are intimately entwined. We can’t think of one without the others. When we go back to the origin of the blood and the heart in embryonic development, it is no simple matter to say what came first. Early in its development the heart begins to form loops that redirect blood flow. But before the heart has developed walls (septa) separating the four chambers from each other, the blood already flows in two distinct “currents” through the heart. The blood flowing through the right and left sides of the heart do not mix, but stream and loop past each other, just as two currents in a body of water. In the “still water zone” between the two currents, the septum dividing the two chambers forms. Thus the movement of the blood shapes the heart, just as the looping heart redirects the flow of blood.

Pulsing Interplay
The heart is the center of the circulatory system. It connects the upper and lower parts of the body as well as, through the pulmonary circulation, the outer (air) with the inner. The heart is continually adapting its activity to the needs and state of the body and person as a whole.

In strenuous activity, for example, the heart expands more in the diastolic phase (when it receives blood) and increases its beating rate, allowing more blood to pass through the heart and into the lungs and muscles. But the heart is not simply pushing this blood into the body. The lungs take in up to three times the amount of oxygen during exercise, not only because of the increased diffusing capacity of oxygen, but because both lung alveoli (where diffusion occurs) and the lung capillaries dilate, letting more blood pass through the lungs. Similarly, in the muscles the blood vessels actively dilate.

If, over an extended period of time, an organ needs more oxygen, it stimulates, via growth factors, the blood vessels in the organ to grow. This is another example of how the impulse to change and adapt comes from the periphery. The whole circulatory system, from center to periphery, is involved in getting more blood into the tissues that need it.

The blood moving through the body is continually changing. After we’ve eaten, for instance, the blood passes through the intestines and takes up nutrients. The blood then enters the liver, which draws out nutrients. The liver also detoxifies the blood, removing, for example, bacteria or alcohol. In each organ something unique to that organ happens to the blood. In the brain large amounts of sugar and oxygen leave the blood. The kidneys remove metabolic waste products and water, but also secrete hormones that regulate the production of red blood cells. The blood is truly a special fluid in its ability to take in and give off substances that it moves through the body. It is in unceasing change and thereby helps the body maintain its physiological balance and coherence.

Changes in the blood’s pressure, viscosity, warmth, and biochemical composition are communicated to the heart by means of the nervous system, hormones, and heart and blood vessel sensory receptors. The heart therefore exists as a perceptive center for the body via the circulation. Steiner spoke of the heart as a sense organ for the organism, enabling it to perceive what transpires in the upper and lower poles of the body.

The heart does not just perceive what comes to it via the blood. It also alters its activity — and not only to circulate more or less blood. For example, the heart secretes a hormone in response to the changing consistency of blood. If the blood is too viscous, the heart secretes this hormone (natriuretic peptide) into the blood, and the hormone stimulates the kidneys to secrete more water into the blood.

One further feature of the interplay of heart and peripheral circulation we shouldn’t overlook is the maintenance of body warmth. Only the warm-blooded mammals and birds have completely four-chambered hearts. The internal differentiation of the heart corresponds to the organism’s ability to maintain a high constant body temperature despite radically fluctuating inner and outer conditions. The beating heart muscle itself is a source of warmth for the blood, while the peripheral circulation can expand and contract to give off or contain warmth.

Into the Soul
Here are some English words and expressions relating to the heart:

Heartless - Hearty - Heartrending - Heartbreaking - Heartache - Fainthearted - Lighthearted - Heartsore (sore hearted) - Wholehearted - Heart-to-heart - Have a heart - Heavy heart - Warmhearted - Coldhearted - Hardhearted

The feelings associated with these expressions are often deep (heart sick, heart-to-heart) and span polarities (cold- and warm-hearted; faint- and light-hearted). What comes from the heart is authentic and whole. It’s one thing to search your brain for something or to put your mind to something and a very different matter to search your heart for something or put your heart into it. The heart is literally individual; it is unity and when that unity loses its center or begins to dissolve, it’s, well, heartrending.

The quality of warmth is central to the heart. Someone who is heartless is cold. When we have a heartfelt concern, soul warmth streams out from us. When we take heart, warmth enkindles our courage. (Etymologically, “courage” means “heart.”) And when we gesture to someone to take heart, we emphatically raise up our arm and ball up the fist in front of our chest. Taking heart means gathering at our center and from there expanding into the world through our actions.

Not only the heart moves between the polarities of contraction (systole) and expansion (diastole). Rhythmic movement between poles, and mediating and balancing between extremes, characterizes the circulatory system as a whole. The blood gathers in the heart and then flows out into the periphery, changing and exchanging with this periphery, and then moving back to the center.

When we’ve grasped the circulatory system qualitatively in this way, it’s not surprising to discover its intimate connection to our inner life of feeling. Feelings of awe and love allow us to flow out into the world. We connect, give and learn from the world and bring the fruits of this interaction back to a center. We experience satisfaction and contentment. Our joy leads us back into the world. Or we experience fear, anger, or even hate. We draw back into ourselves when such feelings capture us, and the healthy oscillation of the soul between inside and outside, between self and other, is disturbed. Just as we can become completely isolated through hate, so also we can lose ourselves in unceasing rapture.

The healthy life of the soul depends, as does the circulation, on continual movement, on the ability to flow out and gather in. Or we can speak in terms of the other middle system in our body, the respiratory system: we need the rhythm between breathing out and breathing in.

Our soul life and physiology are inseparable. It is well known how stress (which means we are inwardly driven and contracted with little inner breathing room — our soul can’t oscillate) has its physiological correlate in hypertension, where the blood, like the soul, is under abnormally high pressure. A Swedish study found that women who lived alone, had very few friends, and also no one to call on if they needed help, tended to have heart rates that varied little over the course of the day. Such low variation in heart rates is correlated with heart disease and early death. Less socially isolated individuals have a more varied heart rate.

The path to health involves seeing bodily processes as an expression or outer aspect of what we are inwardly.

Conclusion
Mechanical models may be helpful to understand partial functions of an organ or system, but when they become exclusive, the partial truth becomes falsehood. We end up making the heart much less than it really is. The image is that of a central power center that forces blood through the body and thereby maintains the body. This is, if you will, an ego-centric view of the heart as the forceful doer. The pump just keeps on working until it wears out – or, as in the case of the artificial heart, keeps beating even when the person has died.

Mr. Robert Tools was the first patient to receive the AbioCor artificial heart. After the operation in July, 2001, Mr. Tools recovered quite well and was able to leave the hospital. He suffered a stroke on November 11th. Patients with an artificial heart are always susceptible to strokes, because the blood more easily clots when it comes in contact with the artificial material of the valves. Normally a patient receives blood thinners to prevent clot-formation, but this was not possible in Mr. Tools’ case, since he had a tendency to bleed internally.

After the stroke, Dr. Laman Gray, who carried out the surgery, reported that Tools’ condition “is probably a little better than a person with a [real] heart, since we don’t have to worry about the heart itself.” Gray went on to comment about another patient who had received the AbioCor heart. This patient was making slow progress, due to a high fever that may have damaged his organs. But, as the reporter paraphrases Gray, “Mr. Christerson’s [artificial] heart has been working well.”

On November 30, Mr. Tools died due to internal bleeding. But, as the Los Angeles Times reported, “‘Tools’ death in no way means the experiment failed,’” said Dr. Mehmet Oz .... “‘Indeed, Tools’ doctors noted that the heart continued to beat flawlessly even as he died.’” Here we see the mechanism enthroned in a sad separation from the person. The pump still continues to beat as if nothing had changed, while the person dies. And as long as you focus on the mechanism, and the pump continues to work, the experiment cannot be called a failure.

Very different is the view of the living, dynamic heart and circulation. Here we see give and take, and continual change and adaptation through interactions. We see a dynamic, perceptive center that maintains coherence and integrity. From birth till death, the living heart shares in our life as ensouled beings.

The Heart is a Sacred Geometry Vortex Apparently the heart doesn’t pump blood but is the vortex regulator of the blood as the blood flows through the arteries and veins. Frank Chester studied Rudolf Steiner and discovered through his understanding of the Platonic forms the geometry of the heart.
The Discovery of the Chestahedron

A European journey in the 1990’s led Frank Chester, the San Francisco retired teacher, sculptor and geometer, to Dornach in Switzerland. Prior to this journey he had never heard anything about Rudolf Steiner or Anthroposophy.

He was immediately impressed by Steiner’s two-dimensional, seven-sided planetary seals, and equally by his seven-sided capitals on top of the columns within the model of the first Goetheanum.

While gazing upon these forms a question arose in him: Could a three-dimensional, seven-sided form exist that might also demonstrate the harmonic nature of a platonic solid?

Not being satisfied with existing seven-sided models, Frank Chester began to experiment: with clay, string, straws, wire, paper, soap bubbles, and all manner of forms. After many failures he discovered, in the year 2000, while artistically playing, an entirely new, never-before seen geometric figure that was simpler and more elegant than anything seen before. He called his discovery the “Chestahedron” (Chestaeder in German).

This solid has seven surfaces with exactly the same surface area. It consists of four equilateral triangles and three additional, four-sided surfaces which resemble kites. It shares the same property with the five regular platonic solids in that each of the seven surfaces has the same area.

It is unique in that it contains two different shapes and two different side lengths while in the five platonic solids these are always the same. Interestingly, Chester could utilize two circles in the ratio of the golden section (Phi) to lawfully and reproducibly develop the surfaces of his form.

After he had discovered this new form, Frank Chester was not at all clear what its importance would be for the world. A quote from Rudolf Steiner guided him: ‘Geometry is knowledge that appears to be produced by human beings, yet whose meaning is totally independent of them.’ Chester continued to experiment for ten years more.

Among the most important findings that he has discovered to date is the following:

After he had seen that his seven-sided form can be harmonically integrated into a cube when it is oriented at an angle of 36 degrees, and that it appears to resemble a kind of heart shape when he dipped the wire frame model into a soapy liquid and created convex surfaces by expanding the enclosed soap bubble gently with a straw, he had an idea:

He took a solid model of the expanded, seven-sided form and dipped it along its axis into a water-filled vortex chamber.

When he spun it vertically, the resulting water vortex was stable. However, when he spun the form attached to a high-speed drill and introduced it into the water at an angle of 36 degrees, a type of pocket-shaped vortex developed on the side of the main water vortex.

Through what he saw developing within the water, Frank Chester developed a sculpted model and then opened it in cross-section. This result reminded him immediately of an image of a vertical cross-section through the human heart.

Driven by curiosity, his joyous experimental nature, and further inspired by a drawing from Rudolf Steiner, he finally arrived at a three-dimensional depiction of the formative forces which underlie the human heart and create its asymmetric form through its muscular layers.

His conclusion: the formative forces which form our heart muscle are active as vortices and are oriented and maintained through the seven-sided form discovered by him.

Since Frank Chester developed this insight, the heart is no longer a pump. For him, it has instead become an organ of flow (regulation). If the heart were a pump, the paper-thin tissue at the apex of the left ventricle could never withstand the developing pressure.

However, from the perspective of a vortex model of the heart, it becomes understandable why this part of the heart is never exposed to these higher pressure dynamics.

In the developing human embryo, blood is already streaming rhythmically through its blood vessels before the heart has even formed. Something other than the heart, therefore, must be responsible for this movement of the blood.

The heart that develops later appears to function more like a balancing brake: blood streams into the left ventricle in a clockwise direction and then vortexes around itself, finally emerging from the left ventricle in the opposite, counter-clockwise direction.

At the moment when the blood flow reverses, there is no movement; absolute stillness reigns. However, this is a dynamic rest. This is the exact moment, simultaneous in time and space, that for Frank Chester represents the eternally present heart-centered state in each human being.

“A Kind of Tetrahedron”

After addressing the human heart, Chester then turned his attention to the earth. A further statement from Rudolf Steiner gave the impulse:

In a lecture about the causes of earthly volcanism, Steiner indicated that on the basis of his spiritual scientific researches, the earth in its foundational form was not a sphere but rather had at its basis a “kind of tetrahedron”:

In Middle America, at the south pole, in the Caucasus (mountains) and in Japan, are the four corners of the tetrahedron, a form that was created out of the cosmos through the joining together of four triangles.

Chester’s calculations showed that an equilateral triangle would be created if one joined points together in Japan, the Caucasus, and a third point in Kansas, North America, rather than the point in Middle America mentioned by Steiner.

An inverted tetrahedron constructed downward from this triangle would be short of reaching of the South Pole (inside the earth) by 4,132 kilometers.

In order to reach the South Pole from this tetrahedron, one would have to equally stretch its three south-pointing faces. However, with this construction, one no longer has an “exact” tetrahedron, but rather a “kind of tetrahedron.”

According to Frank Chester, one can open the downward-pointing sides of the tetrahedron (hinged to the base triangle) at an angle of 94.8304 degrees. At this point the three triangles stand in the exact relationship to one another as the four equilateral triangles in the Chestahedron.

An inverted Chestahedron constructed on the above triangle, formed by Japan-Caucasus-Kansas, touches the South Pole exactly with its lower apex point.

Perhaps it was the Chestahedron that Rudolf Steiner saw clairvoyantly as the basic form on which our earth is based and had tried to suggest in his lecture?

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