The 13 Zoroastrian Bloodlines, A Deep Dive - Part II

Cause Before Symptom - With Your Host James Carner

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House of Conti di Segni (House of Bourbon)

The Conti di Segni (de Comitibus Signie, also known as Conti or De Comitibus for short) were an important noble family of medieval and early modern Italy. They came from Segni, Lazio. Many members of the family served as military commanders or religious leaders, including many cardinals and four popes.

Conti family, French branch of the house of Bourbon. The title of prince de Conti, created in the 16th century, was revived in favour of Armand I de Bourbon, prince de Conti (1629–66), who was a leader in the Fronde. He was the younger brother and rival of Louis II de Bourbon, prince de Condé (“the Great Condé”). Notable members of the Conti family include François-Louis de Bourbon, prince de Conti (1664–1709), who was a candidate for the Polish throne; and Louis-François de Bourbon, prince de Conti (1717–76), who served in the War of the Austrian Succession. The house of Conti became extinct with the death of Louis-François-Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Conti (1734–1814), who had distinguished himself in the Seven Years’ War.

The Conti di Segni (de Comitibus Signie, also known as Conti or De Comitibus for short) were an important noble family of medieval and early modern Italy originating in Segni, Lazio. Many members of the family acted as military commanders or ecclesiastical dignitaries, including many cardinals and four popes. During the Middle Ages, the Conti were notable, including four who became popes: Pope Innocent III (1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario de' Conti, was the head of the Catholic Church from 8 January 1198 to his death in 1216. Pope Gregory IX (1227–1241), born Ugolino di Conti Pope Alexander IV (1254–1261), born Rinaldo di Conti Pope Innocent XIII (1721–1724), born Michelangelo di Conti

The Italian Mafia is set up all over the United States and in almost every major city. They are also involved with most of the casinos in US which they use to launder their criminal profits. They also run prostitution rings which often go hand in hand with casinos. One of the most profitable states is in Texas because it is along the Mexican border. Corrupt Texas authorities claim that the Dallas crime family is inactive however this is not the case. Even with the weakening of the Dallas crime family other mafia associates would take over this prosperous territory and they have. Joseph Civello was the top boss until the 1970's of the Dallas Mafia sharing a similar name with the Civella crime family of Kansas City. It is the House of Torlonia that are the Princes of Civetella-Cesi similar to the name Civella which ran the Kansas City crime family. The Torlonia family own the Kansas City crime family and have part ownership over the criminal operations in Austin and Dallas. The Torlonia family are intermarried with the Spanish House of Bourbon with Princess Beatriz of Spain and Don Marco Torlonia the 6th Prince of Civitella-Cesi who died in 2014. The Bourbon family are the primary owners of the Mexican drug cartels. Don Marco's son Prince Giovanni Torlonia is the current head of the Torlonia family along with his brother Prince Marino Torlonia. The Torlonia family's connection with Spain is important because the Spanish House of Bourbon are the primary owners of the Mexican drug cartels and the Mexican Mafia. The Torlonia family share ownership over some criminal enterprises like the Juarez Cartel. The Italian Mafia and cartels use proxies gangs to do their dirty work like the Mexican Mafia, Aryan Brotherhood of Texas, and street gangs like MS13. Count Alessandro Lecquio-Torlonia has connections with both Spain and Italy and he is also a top member of the House of Torlonia. About a thousand years ago the Conti di Segni family settled a branch in Conty, France which merged with the Bourbons and married in with the French Savoy family branch and La Tremoille family that were the Princes of Taranto. This family moved back to Italy as the Torlonia's becoming the Vatican's bankers. The Conti and Contini families had ruling families in Venice as well. The Torlonia family represent the ancient Conti di Segni family today.

The Torlonia family are also the owners of the Pittsburgh crime family or LaRocca crime family. Their Jewish white collar criminal billionaire front man is Mark Cuban who is from Pittsburgh and he moved to Dallas and became the owner of the Dallas Mavericks. Mark Cuban is involved in ordering games to be rigged for the mafia's fixed bets. Sports are rigged for the mafia's bets. The Pittsburgh crime family is headed up by Thomas Ciancutti today who may have some command over the Kansas City faction. Gregorio Conti founded the Pittsburgh crime family and the Torlonia family are partly a continuation of the Conti di Segni family. Pope Innocent III or Lotario dei Conti di Segni authorized the Roman Catholic Franciscan Order and it was the Franciscan Priest Garcia de San Francisco that founded Juarez, Mexico and established the first European settlement there which is where the Juarez Cartel originated from and operates from today. Junipero Serra was also a Franciscan priest who helped establish Tijuana settlements where the Tijuana Cartel operates from. The House of Torlonia launder their criminal profits from their US crime families and Mexican drug cartels in Vegas casinos. The word casino is an Italian term derived from the noble families running gambling events out of their casas or houses. The Torlonia family are owners of the Franciscan Order and Juarez is their territory since their Franciscans founded its first European settlement. The Torlonia family are part owners of the Juarez Cartel and their fascist La Linea death squads. The Boncompagni-Ludovisi family of Rome are also part owners in the mafia's Texas operations specifically in Austin and the Dallas crime family is still in operation managed by Civella associates and other various crime families. The Boncompagni family own the Bonanno crime family which were allied with the Cerrito crime family and I believe they covertly moved to Austin, Texas. Bon-Compagni means Good Fellows a term for made men in the mafia. Prince Nicolo Boncompagni of Rome is the head of this princely family and is married to Rita Jenrette of Texas. The Sforza-Cesarini family has married with the Velasco noble family of Spain with Don Guillermo Maria Miguel Fernandez of Velasco and Balfe married to Princess Carolina Sforza-Cesarini. Velasco, Texas is named after a Mexican General and relative of the Velasco family which ruled as Dukes in Spain. Luis de Velasco was the Viceroy of New Spain ruling from Mexico City.

Las Vegas is a Spanish word and means "the meadows." Vegas was Spanish-Mexican territory before it became part of the United States and was likely named in honor of the Vega family of Spain represented today by Inigo of Arteaga and Martin the XXVIII Lord of the House of La Vega. I believe Caesars' Palace hotel and casino in Vegas is named in honor of the Sforza-Cesarini family. The mafias are involved in most casinos in the United States and use them for money laundering and gambling rackets using fixed bets and rigged slot machines. The Jesuit Xavier University educated James Zenni Jr. is a founder and owner of Z Capital Group which owns Affinity Gaming with casinos in Vegas including Silver Sevens Casino. The Black Nobility and Ferrari family have the Eldorado Resorts owned by their Carano family agents which also own Ferrari-Carano vineyards and winery. Eldorado Resorts owns various casinos through out the United States including the Isle of Capri in Kansas City. The billionaire Fertitta family own Station Casinos which includes about 20 casinos in the United States. The owners of mafias use their influence to prop up businessmen who then covertly work with and enable mafias. MGM was established by the Pallavicini front man Kirk Kerkorian who also built Caesars Palace. MGM is headed up by CEO James Murren who received a Trinity College grant for Cesare Barbieri Center to conduct research in Rome, Italy. The Melzi family are the Dukes of Lodi today and they possessed the Villa Melzi d'Eril in Bellagio, Italy currently owned by the Gallarati Scotti family through their marriage with the Melzi d'Eril family. Bellagio, Italy gives the name to the Bellagio hotel and casino in Vegas. Don Pedro Enriquez d'Azevedo and Toledo of Spain was Governor of Milan and appointed Luigi Melzi as Lieutenant Royal and granted them a fiefdom in Magenta, Italy. Duke Benigno Melzi d'Eril is the current head of this family. Excalibur Hotel and Casino is owned by MGM and takes its name from the Legend of Arthur in British mythology. The Wellesley family are British peers and were also granted titles of Dukes of Ciudad Rodrigo, Spain for fighting against the French for the Spanish Crown.

House of Chigi-Albani Della Rovere

Palazzo Chigi has been the seat of the Italian Government since 1961 and is located in one of the most famous areas of Rome’s historic centre: along via del Corso, almost halfway between Piazza del Popolo and Piazza Venezia. The entrance is on Piazza Colonna, which takes its name from the two-thousand-year old Column of Marcus Aurelius that stands in front of the main door.

PRINCELY HOUSE OF CHIGI ALBANI DELLA ROVERE
H.S.H. Prince / Furst Don Agostino Chigi Albani Della Rovere.
(Prince of The Holy Roman Empire)

The Chigi-Albani Della Rovere family is one of the most evil bloodlines on the planet and their motivation is bombing the world in a nuclear holocaust. They were major architects of World World II. The Chigis are Zio-Nazis. They are both Zionists and Nazis. Their primary job is turning people in society into psychopathic sadists. Prince Mario Chigi-Albani Della Rovere is a high level prince of Rome and him and his son Prince Flavio Chigi-Albani Della Rovere are controlling the Albanian Mafia and they often command the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Prince Mario Chigi-Albani della Rovere was investigated in Italy involving the tax evasion of hundreds of thousands and using offshore accounts in Liechtenstein. Mario Chigi was also charged with violating environmental restrictions at the resort he owns and media reports claim he was "sentenced to a year in prison in 2016" however his son Prince Flavio Chigi got off on all criminal charges. The Chigi family are mobsters. Prince Mario claims he is god and tortures people relentlessly until they submit to him. He wants people to beg him for mercy. The Chigis are one of the most psychotic and militant families on the planet. The Albani family originated in Alban Hills and later migrated to Albania giving Albania its name. The House of Zogu serve the Italian royals and nobles. The Chigi family ruled in Siena around the time the Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena or BMPS was established which is still in operation today along with its charity subsidiary Fondazione Monte dei Paschi di Siena which is involved in making pay offs disguised as bad loans. BMPS has about 140 billion in assets. I believe that the Chigi family have an ancient Babylonian-Chaldean ancestry and their name derives from the Hebrew word Shigionoth. The Chigi papal coat of arms has 6 hexagrams on it. The Hexagram has Babylonian origins. The Chigis have some authority over the Jewish Walton family which use the six pointed star on their Walmart logo. The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem is headquartered at the Palazzo Della Rovere in Rome and was established there by Fabio Chigi or Pope Alexander VII. After migrating out of Babylon the Albani family were likely the Albia Roman gente clan. The Jewish billionaire Baron Alan Sugar is an agent of the Chigis and he lives in Chigwell, Essex. The Chigis currently have numerous members of their family who are concealed. Marchese Nicolo Cavalcanti di Verbacaro is an Italian noble and his mother was a Chigi-Albani Della Rovere and he is a part owner of the DeCavalcante crime family of New Jersey. The founder of the Cavalcante di Verbacaros was a Knight of Malta. The Chigis are also related to the Incisa Della Rochetta family with Marchese Niccolo Incisa Della Rochetta. The Chigis also married with the Rocco di Corneliano family which produced Knights of Malta and Catholic Cardinals.

The Chigi family are a second level nobility in Rome or deputies or stewards to the Colonnas and Massimos which are basically Vatican or Roman royalty and the Chigis often manage the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in service to them. The Chigis are the Princes of Farnese and  they also manage the Italian royals the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and House of Bourbon-Parma which are continuations of the Farnese family. The Italian Prime Minister resides in the Palazzo Chigi today. The Chigi family are using their authority over secret societies and the Albanian Mafia to persecute people that the Black Nobility have declared as heretics. The Chigis married with the German House of Sayn-Wittgenstein and have some authority over German families like the Sayn-Wittgensteins and Wittelsbachs. The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre is located at the Della Rovere Palazzo and the Wittelsbachs are knights of the Holy Sepulchre. The Sayn-Wittgensteins are also married with the Bavarian Wittelsbachs. Prince Ludovico Chigi-Albani della Rovere was the Grandmaster of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta during WWII and married Princess Anna Aldobrandini who had Rochefoucauld French noble ancestry. Prince Ludovico's mother was Princess Antoinette of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn. Dominique Prince de La Rochefoucauld-Montbel is currently a member of the Sovereign Council of the Order of Malta. It was really the Sovereign Military Order of Malta that orchestrated WWII and manipulated all sides of the war. The Nazi Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen was a Vatican knight and believed to be a Knight of Malta. Baron Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager is the current Grand Chancellor of the Order of Malta which is headquartered in Rome. The Boeselager are a German nobility and Baron Georg von Boeselager and Albrecht's father Baron Philipp von Boeselager were Nazis who were involved in the fake plot to assassinate Hitler known as Operation Valkyrie. The Order of Malta are a military council and engineered various wars through out history including WWI and WWII. There was also a holocaust in Albania during WWII carried out on ethnic groups in Albania like the Slavs. The Albanian Mafia are extremely violent and have human trafficking networks going into Italy, Germany, and the Mid East.

The Chigi family along with the other Black Nobility are trying to carry out a holocaust in the United States. These people are extremely dangerous and ruthless and have absolutely no regard for human life. The Black Nobility should be the ones at the top of the terrorist watch list and have bounties on their heads. Prince Mario's son Prince Flavio Chigi-Albani actively manages the Albanian Mafia like the Rudaj Organization and Albanian Boys. The Shkrelis are an Albanian clan with Martin Shkreli a hedge fund manager that was convicted of fraud. The Shkreli family also owns Alba Construction in New York headed up by a different Martin Shkreli. The mafia specializes in infiltrating businesses through construction where they build hidden passageways into the buildings they construct. The Shkrelis work with both the Albanian Mafia and the Colombo crime family. . John Alite is a top Albanian boss with close ties with the Gambino crime family. Nardino Colotti is another top boss of the Rudaj Mafia. The Albanian Mafia are one of the most violent and ruthless criminal organizations in the world and do a lot of the dirty work for La Cosa Nostra especially human trafficking. An Albanian mobster named Ergest Mati often works under the Chigi-Albani della Roveres and he is involved with underage prostitution, drug trafficking, armed robberies, gambling rackets, and other violent crimes. He is somewhat related to the Mattei papal nobility. The Hellbanianz are a London based Albanian Mafia with operations in the US. The Jewish-Albanian rapper Action Bronson oversees the Hellbanianz and Albanian Boys in the US and he works under Prince Harry and the Massimo di Roccaseccas of London. Many Albanian immigrants came into the United States after the war in Kosovo and many members of the Albanian Mafia were raised from this violence. Prince Leka II of Albania works as an adviser for the President of Albania and is knighted under the House of Savoy and House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. The Clintons bombed Yugoslavia to help the Albanian mafia in taking over there. Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena has donated to the Clinton Foundation. The Clintons are close friends with the Rothschilds which are married to the Aldobrandinis and they are married with the Chigis. The Albanian Mafia are hardcore gangsters and working on carrying out a Nazi style holocaust in the United States under orders from Rome as a means to get rid of any resistance.

Prince Mario Chigi-Albani Della Rovere is a high authority in Rome and he is the primary owner of the Albanian Mafia which are an international crime syndicate. Prince Mario is also a military commander over the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and his ancestor Prince Ludovico Chigi-Albani della Rovere was the Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta during WWII. Prince Mario has a major god complex which is why the other Roman nobles used their influence to have him investigated for money laundering in Liechtenstein and later had him arrested and convicted for violating environmental laws. Prince Mario Chigi is a blasphemous sub human that claims to be god and thinks he is the head of the Black Nobility but in reality he serves the Massimo family. The Massimos and Gaetanis also took over most of the Albanian Mafia in New York through the Gambinos and have the Gotti-Agnello brothes managing the Albanian Mob today. The Chigis still manage and profit from some Albanian Mafias in Albania and still partly manage the Albanian Mob in New York as well as the Hellbanianz and the Albanian Boys gang. Prince Mario is a disrespectful, lying, apathetic and murderous tyrant with zero conscience.

The prince suspected of having distracted the tax system about 400 thousand euros.

According to investigators, in order to divert the gains achieved in Italy, and to elude the chain of fiscal controls, the Chigi family, "fictitious residents" in Bulgaria, had established two offshore companies in Liechtenstein. The two companies, although the economic activity was carried out in Italy, invoiced services to national and foreign tour operators: the proceeds were thus diverted to the current accounts of tax havens. In that case it was an alleged evasion of 30.5 million euros and a concealment of VAT of 1.9 million euros, in addition to a round of false invoices of about 2.2 million euros. Nothing to do with the 400 thousand euro evasion disputed currently by the prosecutor of Rome.

Flavia Domitilla Chigi della Rovere Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano (Chigi della Rovere)

Wife of Carlo Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano
Mother of Private; Private User; Private User and Private User
Sister of Mario Lodovico Principe Chigi Albani della Rovere

Carlo Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano (Piacenza , 4 February 1902 - Rome , 30 April 1994) was an Italian general, commander of the ACISMOM military corps from 1944 to 1980.

Son of Count Camillo Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano and his wife, Caterina Taffini d'Acceglio, Carlo was brother of the future cardinal Mario Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano, as well as grandson of cardinal Giovanni Battista Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano.

After completing his studies in Piacenza, he decided to pursue a military career. He was a member of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and took part in the Second World War. During the German occupation he transformed a hospital of the Order into a partisan assistance center and earning a Silver Medal for Military Valor.

In 1944 he was appointed commander of the ACISMOM Military Corps, succeeding the Marquis Giuseppe Trionfi and remained in office for almost forty years.

He married the noblewoman Flavia Domitilla Chigi Albani della Rovere in 1944 in Rome, from whom he had the following heirs:

Camillo (1945-), married Nicoletta Barbasetti di Prun
Saverio (1947-), married Alessandra Spalletti Trivelli
Maria Ludovica (1948-), married Carlo Selvaggi
Caterina (1951-), married Francesco Tuccimei

Princess Anna Chigi-Albani Della Rovere on the right and she is a ruthless witch. Princess Anna has four cousins which are Count Camillo, Count Saverio, Countess Maria Ludovica, and Countess Caterina of the Rocco di Corneliano family.

Princess Ismene Chigi-Albani Della Rovere with the German Princess Beatrice von Hohenlohe. Princess Ismene is the ex wife of Prince Mario and mother of Prince Flavio and Princess Anna.

Prince Mario Chigi and his current wife Princess Donatella

Abusive development, one year for the prince

A year of imprisonment for abusive subdivision, committed according to the accusation within his international camping Country Club Castelfusano in violation of archaeological, environmental and landscape constraints that protect the reserve of the Roman coast, near Ostia. It is the sentence handed down yesterday by the Rome judge to the eighty-six year old prince Mario Chigi, who will also have to pay a fine of 35 thousand euros. The sole director of the company that owns the campsite, Michelangelo Cavalcanti di Verbicaro, was sentenced to the same penalty. Flavio Chigi, Mario's son, was acquitted. For all three defendants the prosecutor had asked for three years.

Prince Flavio Chigi-Albani Della Rovere with his wife Carlotta Loverini Botta and she manages blond haired Nazi female gang stalkers. Prince Flavio is a top owner of the Albanian Mafia and a commander over many blond haired Nazi supremacists. Prince Flavio is loyal to higher level Roman nobles which is why he was not convicted for environmental crimes. When lower level nobles and royals like Prince Vittorio and Prince Mario try to assert control over Rome the other Black Nobility shut them down and had them imprisoned.

Carlotta Loverini Botta

Married to "Flavio" Francesco Chigi Albani della Rovere

Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA (BMPS) claims the title as the world’s oldest bank, operating without break since 1472. BMPS, the holding company for the MPS Group of banks, is also one of Italy’s top five banks and ranks among the top 50 throughout Europe. The MPS banking group operates from more than 1,800 branches in Italy, with total assets of more than EUR 120 billion.

Case Study: Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena

Corriere Della Sera published a partial list of MPS debtors and, as non-performing loans have been the core issue of MPS vulnerability, it is interesting to see how MPS reached a bad ratio of non-performing loans. According to Gerevini, Antonio Muto, a famous real estate businessman in Italy, received 27 million euros to build hotels and cars parks in Mantova. 13 million euros were invested in the project while 14 million euros seem to have disappeared.

Italian prosecutors are trying to understand why MPS allocated loans to its clients. What needs to be clarified is whether MPS calculated and took into account risks in distributing its loans. Or, as it has been accused of, MPS management distributed loans neglecting any normal risk control in order to satisfy personal and political interests.

Monte dei Paschi di Siena’s claim to be the world’s oldest surviving bank dates to its origins in 1472 in the Tuscan city from which it derives its name.

In the intervening 544 years, the prospects of the bank and the city of Siena became entwined.

Agostino Andrea Chigi (29 November 1466[1] – April 11, 1520) was an Italian banker and patron of the Renaissance.

Born in Siena, he was the son of the prominent banker Mariano Chigi, a member of an ancient and illustrious house.[2] He moved to Rome around 1487, collaborating with his father.

Chigi Family, a Sienese family that rose from banking in the 13th century to princely rank in papal Rome and in the Holy Roman Empire in the 17th century.

The princely family is represented by Prince Mario Chigi Albani della Rovere, Prince of Farnese (b. 1929), whose heir is Prince Flavio Chigi Albani della Rovere (b. 1975)

The origins of the Albani family can be found in the figure of the condottiere Michele Laçi (Italian: Lazi or de ‘Lazi) and his two sons Filippo and Giorgio, who had fought against the Ottoman Turks alongside Giorgio Castriota Scanderbeg in Albania

They took the surname Albanesi, in homage to the place of origin of the ancestors, who then changed to Albani.

Alba Longa (occasionally written Albalonga in Italian sources) was an ancient city of Latium[1] in central Italy

TOMMASO DELL’ERA (Viterbo) investigated the character of interethnic relations during the Italian occupation of Albania, and the persecution of local Jews and Slavs.

Prince Ludovico Chigi-Albani Della Rovere the Grandmaster of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Fra’ Ludovico Chigi della Rovere-Albani (10 July 1866 – 14 November 1951) was the 76th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1931 to 1951.

Chigi was born in Ariccia, the son of Imperial Prince Mario Chigi Della Rovere Albani (1832-1914) and his wife, Princess Antoinette zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (1839-1918).[1]

On 5 June 1893, in Rome, Chigi married Donna Anna Aldobrandini, daughter of Pietro, Prince Aldobrandini, Prince di Sarsina, and of his wife, Françoise de La Rochefoucauld.[1]

Under his leadership, the order engaged in large-scale hospitaller and charitable activities during World War II.

Prince Dominique Rochefoucauld-Montbel is the current Grand Hospitaller of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. The Chigis are basically married with the Rochefoucaulds. Prince Dominique is a French noble with Bavarian titles of nobility under the House of Wittelsbach.

Grand Hospitaller, H.E. Dominique Prince de La Rochefoucauld-Montbel, Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion in Obedience

Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein (14 August 1916 – 21 January 1944) was a German night fighter pilot and flying ace during World War II.

The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem

Its headquarters are situated at Palazzo Della Rovere

The current name was added during the reign of Pope Alexander VII, who moved here the Papal confessors known as penitenzieri. It formerly housed the Hotel Columbus and it is still the headquarters of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre.

Pope Alexander VII (13 February 1599 – 22 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from 7 April 1655 to his death in 1667.[1][2]

Lucrezia Lante Della Rovere with her mother Marina Ripa di Meana. Lucrezia is an Italian actress and noble from the Lante Della Rovere family. Her mother's second husband was a noble and a member of the EU as well as a communist. The Lante Della Roveres also married with the Blanc noble family which lived in Florida and were Knights of the Cuban Association of the Order of Malta. Lucrezia Lante Della Rovere is an insolent witch and child murdering cannibal who thinks because she is a woman that she can get away with killing children. She cant and wont and she will be getting scraped out of existence for her crimes.

Carlo Ripa di Meana (15 August 1929[1] – 2 March 2018)[2][3] was an Italian politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament, a European Commissioner with portfolio for the environment and was environment minister of Italy.

In the period 1953-56, he directed in Prague, on behalf of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), the International Student Union's newspaper, World Student News. In Prague he also met Bettino Craxi. In 1957 he was made bookseller for Feltrinelli. 

In the 60s Ripa di Meana joined the Italian Socialist Party and he came in its Central Committee. 

Spouse(s)
Marina Ripa di Meana
(m. 1982; died 2018)

The Cuban Association Of The Sovereign Military Order Of Malta

Otto Von Felgenblatt, Leonardo Di Monte, Connie Balboa & Lodovico Blanc, Baron de Blanc.

Lavinia Lante Montefeltro Blanc (della Rovere)

Mother of Baron Lodovico Blanc

Prince Max of Sayn-Wittgenstein is a high level German noble. The Sayn-Wittgenstein family have married with the House of Chigi-Albani Della Rovere.

Karl Wittgenstein (April 8, 1847 – January 20, 1913) was a German-born Austrian steel tycoon of Jewish origin. A friend of Andrew Carnegie, with whom he was often compared, at the end of the 19th century he controlled an effective monopoly on steel and iron resources within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and had by the 1890s acquired one of the largest fortunes in the world.[1]

Rather, Ludwig Wittgenstein’s great-grandfather, Moses Meyer, was the land agent for the Sayn-Wittgenstein's. In 1808, when Germany was under Napoleonic rule, Jews were compelled by law to adopt a fixed surname, instead of identifying themselves by patronymic, and Moses Meyer took his employers’ name as his own. His son, Hirsch Moses Meyer, six years old at the time, was henceforth known as Hermann Wittgenstein; when he converted to Protestantism, in his thirties, he added the middle name Christian.

The Walmart logo uses a six pointed star and the Waltons are Jewish-Zionists. Several members of the Walton family are also Jesuits. The Chigis are managers of the Jesuits as Vatican royalty and they also oversee the Walton family. The Waltons are worth about 150 billion. The Chigis papal coat of arms has 6 hexagrams the primary symbol for Zionism.

Chigi papal coat of arms with 6 hexagrams on it.

Chigwell is a town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England.

Baron Alan Sugar is a British-Jewish billionaire from Chigwell and he is an agent of the Chigis.

Chigwell’s most famous resident is Lord Alan Sugar, who owns a mansion in Chigwell Village

Alan Michael Sugar, Baron Sugar (born 24 March 1947) is a British business magnate, media personality, politician and political adviser.[5][6] According to the Sunday Times Rich List, Sugar became a billionaire in 2015. In 2016 his fortune was estimated at £1.15bn, ranking him as the 95th richest person in the UK.[2] In 2007, he sold his remaining interest in the consumer electronics company Amstrad, his largest business venture.[7]

Sugar was born in Hackney, East London, into a Jewish family.[8]

Marchese Niccolo Incisa Della Rochetta is related to the Chigi-Albani Della Rovere family through his grandmother Princess Eleanora Chigi-Albani Della Rovere. Marchese Niccolo traffics blood. Italian nobles often traffic blood through wine bottles and mix wine with blood and adrenochrome obtained from the mafia which torture people. The Rochettas are managed by the Gonzagas and Savoy-Aostas who are Princes of Piedmont where the Rochettas are nobles.

Mario Incisa della Rocchetta Incisa della Rocchetta

Immediate Family: 

Son of Marchese Enrico Incisa della Rocchetta consignore di Rocchetta Tanaro and Princess Eleonora Chigi della Rovere Albani 

Husband of Nobile Clarice della Gherardesca 

Father of Donna Orietta Incisa della Rochetta and Marchese Don Niccoló Incisa della Rocchetta

The history of the Monferrato area and that of Marchesi Incisa della Rochetta, a family whose origins date back to before the eleventh century, are very closely linked. For centuries, their family has owned vineyards and produced its own wine, an activity most likely started by the Benedictine monks, who were given the right, by the family, to plant vines in the hills of their property in Rocchetta Tanaro.

Princess Priscilla Incisa Della Rochetta the wife of Prince Heinrich of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn. The Chigis and Rochettas are both intermarried and both married with the Sayn-Wittgensteins.

Heinrich, Hereditary Prince zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (born 1971) married in 2003 Donna Priscilla Incisa della Rocchetta (born 1975),[6] daughter of Don Niccolo, Marchese Incisa della Rocchetta, and they have issue.

Marchese Nicolo Cavalcanti di Verbicaro on the far left. Prince Mario Chigi's half sister married with the Cavalcanti di Verbicaros which are part owners of the DeCavalcante crime family in New Jersey along with the Aldobrandini family which the Chigi family are married with. The Aldobrandinis are the primary owners of the DeCavalcante crime syndicate with the Cavalcante di Verbicaros as part owners and managers.

Curzio Cavalcanti (* Cosenza 27-VII-1571 †?), Patrician of Cosenza, bought the fiefdom of Verbicaro with San Biagio with Royal Assent of 16-XI-1629 (e.g. Naples 10-VII-1630), through the nominee Angelo de Matera, by Antonio Castellar for the sum of 40,500 ducats; Knight of the Order of Malta since 1587.

Guido (* Florence 21-X-1928 † Rome 19-V-1985)
= Rome 27-X-1958 Antonietta Clarice Chigi Albani della Rovere, daughter of Prince Don Francesco of Anna Maria Torlonia of the Dukes of Poli and Guadagnolo (* Rome 24-VII-1931 † ibid. 18-X-2004) (see / see)
L1. Nicolò (* Rome 12-X-1959)

Simone Rizzo DeCavalcante Jr is a boss and consiglieri of the DeCavalcante crime family of New Jersey and he operates from Florida.

The DeCavalcante crime family is an Italian-American organized crime family that operates in Elizabeth, New Jersey[1] and surrounding areas in the state, and is part of the nationwide criminal network known as the American Mafia. It operates on the opposite side of the Hudson River from the Five Families of New York, but it maintains strong relations with many of them, as well as with the Philadelphia crime family and the Patriarca crime family of New England. Its illicit activities include bookmaking, cement and construction violations, bootlegging, corruption, drug trafficking, extortion, fencing, fraud, hijacking, illegal gambling, loan-sharking, money laundering, murder, pier thefts, pornography, prostitution, racketeering, and waste management violations.

“The big guys don’t take a cut in this business — they run it,” said the man, who gave his name as Luan and acknowledged that he previously made his living from trafficking women and girls into Kosovo against their will so that they could be forced to have sex with paying customers. “The system is highly organized and there’s no police or anything to stop it. Everything is corruption from top to bottom.” Every day, an enterprise of trafficking women thrives in this country.

interviewed three men involved in sex trafficking in Kosovo, two Albanians, and Luan, a Kosovar Albanian. All three men insisted that some senior political figures, specifically former KLA commanders, were indeed involved in the trafficking of women and girls.

Prince Leka of Albania is the head of the Albanian royal family and he is knighted under the House of Savoy and House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. Prince Leka is a co-owner of various Albanian Mafias.

Prince Leka of Albania (Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu, born 26 March 1982) is the only child of the first Leka, Crown Prince of Albania, and Susan Cullen-Ward. Prince Leka was an official at the Albanian Ministry of Interior and in the past has served as an advisor at the Albanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Presidency. The prince is referred by some Albanian monarchists as King Leka II since the death of his father, whom they referred to as Leka I. On 30 November 2011, he succeeded as head of the House of Zogu, titular King of the Albanians upon the death of his father.

Italian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cordon of the Royal Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus[15][16]

Two Sicilian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Francis I[17]

Organized crime gangs, like the Albanian mafia, are “fueling the surge in violent crime in London” as a result of importing Class A drugs into Britain, leading to turf wars on the streets, claims a top UK law enforcement official.

The Albanian mafia is one of the UK’s largest criminal groups. They have stakes in human trafficking and the heroin trade and also conduct armed robberies, Albanian-born gangsters were involved in the £53 million ($71m) Securitas heist of 2006, thought to be behind the biggest cash robbery in UK history.

The House of Mattei was one of the most powerful noble families of Rome during the Middle Ages and early modern era, holding high positions in the papal curia and government office.

Mat District (Albanian: Rrethi I Matit) was one of the thirty-six districts of Albania

This is a notorious convicted Albanian gangster seen smirking as he laughs at justice from jail.

Tristen Asllani, who is serving a 25-year sentence for drugs and firearms offenses, stands defiantly in his cell, believed to be in Wandsworth Prison.

He and another unknown man are seen in images posted on an Instagram account called My Albanian in Jail.

They are thought to be members of an east London gang known as the Hellbanianz. 

The Rudaj Organization is the Albanian mafia in the New York City metro area, named for the man accused of being its kingpin, Alex Rudaj of Yorktown, New York. The Rudaj Organization, called "The Corporation" by its members, was started in 1993 in Westchester and spread to the Bronx and Queens. Prosecutors say the Albanian gang was headed by Alex Rudaj and an Italian named Nardino Colotti who both had ties to the late Gambino soldier Phil "Skinny" Loscalzo.

Alex Rudaj the imprisoned former boss of the Albanian Mafia in New York.

The Chigi family (IPA: /kid͡ʒi/) is a Roman princely family of Sienese extraction

Prince Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere (July 10, 1866 – November 14, 1951), son of Prince Mario and Antoinette, was Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1931 to 1951. In 1893 he married Donna Anna Aldobrandini

Princess Olimpia Anna Aldobrandini, also a non-lineal descendant of Napoleon on her mother's side, married into the Rothschild family.

Bill Clinton with Evelyn de Rothschild. Clinton was Jesuit educated from Georgetown and he is not even a Roman Catholic. Clinton and NATO bombed Yugoslavia claiming the Serbs were murdering Albanians which appears to be based on the Serbian Mafia at war with the Albanian Mafia in Yugoslavia and the Clintons took the side of the Albanian Mafia in service to the Chigis. That is why the Albanian Mafia became more powerful after the NATO bombings of Yugoslavia which killed thousands of civilians. Prior to this the Clintons brought in large amounts of Albanian refugees which included many Albanian mobsters like Ergest Mati. What these "Albanian Refugees" did was leave Kosovo and collected refugee money from various nations like Greece and Macedonia before migrating to the United States where they would often collect $30,000 per person on top of the tens of thousands they collected from other nations. I know this because they bragged about it. The Clintons basically brought the Albanian Mafia into the United States and paid them each tens of thousands of dollars, and then bombed their rivals the Serbian Mafia while also killing innocent civilians in the process. Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena has also donated to the Clinton Foundation.

Clinton Foundation Donors

The Monte dei Paschi di Siena $100,001 $250,000

The palazzo’s last occupant, Count Guido Chigi Saracini

In 1932 the Count granted part of the palazzo as the seat of the Accademia Musicale Chigiana, an international centre for advanced musical studies.

Since the Count’s death in 1965 the Accademia has continued to flourish, thanks also to prestigious sponsors such as the Monte dei Paschi di Siena Foundation and the Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena.

The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation's (NATO) military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.

President Clinton's Department of State also claimed Yugoslav troops had committed genocide. The New York Times reported, "the Administration said evidence of 'genocide' by Serbian forces was growing to include 'abhorrent and criminal action' on a vast scale. The language was the State Department's strongest up to that time in denouncing Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević."[195] The Department of State also gave the highest estimate of dead Albanians. In May 1999, Defence Secretary William Cohen suggested that there might be up to 100,000 Albanian fatalities."[196] Opinions in the popular press later criticized genocide statements by the Clinton administration as false and exaggerated.[197][198]

There has also been criticism of the campaign. The Clinton administration and NATO officials were accused of inflating the number of Kosovar Albanians killed by Serbs.[205][206]

Yugoslav estimate: 1,200–5,700 civilians killed[20]

And the Winner is . . . the Albanian Mafia

With the signing of peace treaties and the deployment of NATO peacekeeping forces in Kosovo, the time has come to crown a victor. While NATO may have achieved its objectives in the “war”—forcing Serbia to agree to remove its troops, allowing the Kosovars back into their homes, and establishing a peacekeeping force—the real winner is the Albanian mafia. It cost NATO about $5 billion to prosecute its air campaign, with the United States shouldering most of the burden. Peacekeeping efforts will cost at least an additional $3 billion a year, and in the days and years to come the victors will dole out about $50 billion for reconstruction. Not everyone, however, spent money. Scavenging amid the rubble of ethnic conflict, Albanian criminal clans known as fares, profited from the war and grew in breadth, depth, size, and influence. They extended their reach, entrenched themselves in government, and essentially usurped government authority. As a result of the fares’ success, Albania is left teetering on the edge of lawlessness and ungovernability.

The Albanian Boys, also known as the Albanian Bad Boys[1] or Albanian Boys Inc. is a gang of Albanians who operate in central Bronx.[2] The gang was founded in the Bronx, New York by immigrants who had come to the states after the Kosovo War.

Prince Mario Chigi-Albani Della Rovere the Prince of Farnese is a murderous psychopath

House of Colonna (Colombo Crime Family)

The Mafia is a cartel of organised crime, started by Francesco Colonna in Palermo Sicily that spread to Italy, with the hierarchic structure of the Roman Empire and Catholic Church. The Jesuits and S&B families control the drug trade from the 1800's.

The House of Colonna, also known as Sciarrillo or Sciarra, is an Italian noble family, forming part of the papal nobility. It was powerful in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope (Martin V) and many other church and political leaders.

The mafia is a cult of Pluto, god of the underworld, wealth, Shadow, higher octave of Mars (Roman Empire) identical to elite families who control organised crime and global politics but use more overt violence (police and FBI also work for the elite crime families).

The Colonnas are an ancient Roman family whose history began nine hundred years ago. The very first documented member of the family was Pietro who lived between 1078 and 1108 in the countryside South of Rome, close to the town of Colonna from which the House derived its name.

Up to the present day there have been no less than 31 generations of the Colonna family, the main branch of which established itself from the beginning of 1200 on the slopes of the Quirinal Hill.

It was during that period that the Colonnas built their residences in the area of the present day Piazza SS. Apostoli, which within a short time developed into a veritable fortress. By the beginning of 1600 this massive structure had transformed itself into a grand Roman palace, which from then until the middle of the 1700’s was continually being restored and enlarged. From then until now Palazzo Colonna provides an impressive testimony to the history of the family from its first very adventurous centuries to the glamour and refinement of the later Baroque period. The stamp of so many famous artists who have honoured the Palace with their talents is still very much in evidence today. The Colonna Gallery is the prime example of this, evoking as it does a feeling of awe and excitement in many of today’s visitors.

Turning to important events of the family: the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries saw the first Colonna cardinals, Roman senators and military leaders who fought to assert and maintain the influence of the family during those turbulent times. In contrast there was also the mystical figure of Blessed Margherita (1255 – 1280), a contemporary and follower of St Francis. She was later beatified by Pope Pius IX in 1848.

During the 15th century the most important person by far in the family was Oddone Colonna. He became Pope Martin V at the end of the dark period of the Great Schism of the West which had split the papacy between Avignon and Rome. For almost a century Rome had been in a state of crisis with a power vacuum provoking violent armed clashes between rival families, the foremost of which were between the Colonna and the Orsini. Such clashes involved Pope Boniface VIII of the Caetani family who was a bitter enemy of the Colonnas. This was when Sciarra Colonna was involved in a famous scuffle with the Pope in his home town of Anagni in which he struck him in public and which became known as the ‘Schiaffo di Anagni’ (The Anagni Slap). However this was not an isolated incident as it also involved various other pontifical vicars who succeeded one another from the time of the Avignonese popes and also those from the period of Cola di Rienzo, all of whom allied themselves to the Orsini and hence were enemies of the Colonnas. The two families ruled over not only their respective quarters in Rome but also two large rural areas around the city; the North dominated by the Orsini and the South by the Colonnas. Both areas were garrisoned by the respective families and they controlled the major roads into Rome; the Appia, Prenestina e Casilina by the Colonna and the Flaminia, Salaria and Cassia by the Orsini.

Pope Martin V again made Rome the Apostolic Seat initiating a programme of sorely needed law and order together with some serious reconstruction in this badly run down city. The Roman Renaissance had in Martin V a truly illustrious representative. He commissioned the restoration of the four principal Roman Basilicas giving them the same degree of attention that he gave to the reorganization of the various pontifical departments. He nominated as his residence Palazzo Colonna which therefore then become the Apostolic Seat for eleven years.
In the second half of the 1400’s the family was faced with another Pope allied to the Orsini, Pope Sixtus IV of the della Rovere family. Rome was again plunged into a climate of bitter clashes between the various factions which continued unabated right up to and into the pontificate of the Borgia Pope, Alexander VI. This turbulent period was finally brought to an end through the patience and prolonged mediation of another Pope of the della Rovere family, Julius II, when he brokered a peace treaty between the Colonna and the Orsini. This accord, known as the ‘Pax Romana’(1511), finally concluded the bloody conflict between the two families which had lasted for more than two centuries. The heads of the two houses, Fabrizio I Colonna and Giulio Orsini, in the Pope’s presence and with representatives from the maximum number of the other noble families, solemnly swore to cease all hostilities. This binding pledge was signed and carried out in front of the altar and also included an agreement to forgive each other for all past offences.

The peace between the two families was cemented by the marriage between Marcantonio II Colonna and Felice Orsini. The parents of Marcantonio were Ascanio and Giovanna d’Aragona, the niece of Emperor Charles V. Such an illustrious connection revealed its usefulness during ‘The Sack of Rome’ when Imperial troops looted and set fire to whole areas of the city and put thousands to the sword. However during this prolonged pillage, Palazzo Colonna was not touched and in fact was able to offer asylum and protection to three thousand of its citizens including many Cardinals and the famous Isabella d’Este, Duchess of Mantua.

Ascanio’s sister was the poetess Vittoria Colonna. She was an intimate friend and muse of Michaelangelo and they had many meetings together at the Palace. They also exchanged letters and sonnets over a long period and it is clear she had a great influence on his work. So close was their friendship that Michaelangelo painted her in his famous Universal Judgment behind the altar of the Sistine Chapel. You can see her profile in the portrait of the woman above and to the right of Simone of Cirene, the one carrying the cross, close to the self-portrait of the painter.

The most prominent member of the family during that period was Marcantonio II, who crowned his adventurous life with the leadership of the Papal fleet at the famous battle of Lepanto against the Turkish fleet at which he triumphed. The subsequent prestige that this brought was rewarded by his nomination as Viceroy of Sicily by King Philip II of Spain.
One of the daughters of Marcantonio II and Felice Orsini was Costanza who befriended Caravaggio and became his protector from the very beginning and all through his rumbustious meteoric artistic career. During his time in Rome, Caravaggio was a frequent guest of palazzo Colonna and here he first sought refuge after his famous duel with Ranuccio Tomassoni which resulted in his opponent’s death. Costanza then organised his escape to Naples via a short stay at their Palace in Paliano just South of Rome.

During the course of the 1600’s the Colonnas consolidated their considerable influence in Rome and in the courts of both Spain and France. Filippo I, Cardinal Girolamo I and Lorenzo Onofrio, the husband of Maria Mancini Mazzarino, all contributed to the extension of important family connections through friendship, as opposed to what had previously been achieved through recourse to arms. This century also saw the restoration of the family’s palaces; a large expansion of their various collections; a greater use of the art of diplomacy and their important patronage of many artists.

There was also a renewed emphasis on ‘arranged marriages’, a shrewd policy that linked the family to a series of other illustrious houses. At the same time the Colonnas consolidated their faithful and loyal ties to the Holy See, now no longer hindered by those frequent violent forays and their Imperial bias of the past centuries.

This century also saw the complete restoration and transformation of Palazzo Colonna into a sumptuous Roman residence along with the construction of its magnificent Galleria Colonna.

In the 1700’s the most influential family members included: Fabrizio II, husband of Caterina Zeffirina Salviati who gave birth to no less than sixteen children. Amongst them were two future cardinals: Marcantonio and Pietro and their first born, Lorenzo II, who married Marianna d’Este. They together with their son Filippo III lived through another period of great change in the history of the family. Filippo once more took the necessary steps relevant at this time to maintain the influence and power of the family. He married Caterina Savoia Carignano and strengthened ties with both France and Spain. He was a faithful and loyal advisor to both Pope Pius VI and Pius VII, supporting them during the difficult period of the Napoleonic occupation of both the Pontifical State and Rome. He helped Pius VI militarily and gifted buildings to Pius VII for use as barracks. The ones in Rome were in Piazza della Pilotta next to Palazzo Colonna and they became the Gregorian University in 1930. Another was the castle at Paliano which later became a prison.

During the 1800’s we meet three brothers, sons of Giovanni Andrea Colonna and Isabella Alvarez de Toledo, who well illustrate the family’s vitality. The first born, Marcantonio, entered the service of the Holy See during the long pontificate of Pius IX in another difficult period which led up to the famous battle of Porta Pia in 1870. His brother, Fabrizio, was a cavalry general and Senator of the Kingdom of Italy and entered Rome with a troop of Savoy cavalry. Full of Catholic fervour, he represented the more liberal spirit of the family. The youngest brother, Prospero, became an administrator, entering local politics and was mayor of Rome for three terms of office. Together they started a new direction for the family, less formal and more in tune with the new social order of those changing times.

Among the many illustrious family members in the 20th century, the sons of Fabrizio and Olympia Doria Pamphilj merit special mention. One was Ascanio who was the Italian Ambassador in Washington during the Second World War and to whom fell the unenviable task of giving the despicable declaration of war by our country to President Roosevelt. On the same day he resigned his post, not wishing to represent the Kingdom of Italy and its reckless government. The other was Marcantonio who married Isabelle Sursock of Lebanese origin in 1908.

Donna Isabelle, as she then became known, occupied a prime position amongst the élite of Roman Society throughout her long life up to the 1980’s. She was a lady of great intelligence and power who defended and jealously guarded the artistic collection of the family through the darkest periods of both of the two World Wars. She and her husband were intensely loyal to the Holy See, so much so that she was given the rare honor of Vatican citizenship. She never abandoned ‘her’ Palace that she so profoundly loved and where she wove her diplomatic skills at the highest level, receiving Heads of State and Royalty from half the world. Narrowly escaping arrest by the Neofascists, she continued to always keep uppermost the interests and image of the family to which she was so proud to belong.

Through her vision and dedication, Palazzo Colonna was conserved and restored to its former glory and the family owes a profound debt of recognition to this great lady. She also instilled in both her children and grandchildren their great responsibility for its preservation. Her personal stamp on the Palace is seen especially in two splendid apartments dedicated to her: the Princess Isabelle Apartment and the Gallery Apartment. These are open to the public on Saturday mornings or privately on request every day of the Year.

House of Farnese Military Bloodline

The Farnese family officially established the Jesuits. Prince Mario Chigi-Albani Della Rovere the Prince of Farnese oversees Nazism, Zionism, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre as well as the Jesuits and Pope.

Italian: [farˈneːze, -eːse]) was an influential family in Renaissance Italy. The titles of Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Duke of Latera and Duke of Castro were held by various members of the family. Its most important members included Pope Paul III, Alessandro Farnese (a cardinal), Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (a military commander and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands), and Elisabeth Farnese, who became Queen of Spain and whose legacy was brought to her Bourbon descendants.

Originally from Latium, the Farnese are first mentioned in the thirteenth century because of the fights between the quarrelsome feudal lords of the region. Men of arms and action, with no inclination for either diplomacy or politics, they distinguished themselves in the service of other, more powerful, families and managed to build up a considerable territory wedged in the Papal States, between lake Bolsena, the swampy coastland of Maremma and the Tyrrhenian sea, which Paul III later turned into the dukedom of Castro.

Paolo Farnese was the first representative of the house to enter the Church in 1482. In 1509, Pope Julius II granted Cardinal Alessandro Farnese the bishopric of Parma and several more investitures over a short period of time. Those appointments, together with his unscrupulous political manouvres, led the clever bishop to the papal throne on 13 October 1534, with the name of Paul III, the first and only pope in the Farnese family.

On 26 August 1545, Paul III separated the cities and territories of Parma and Piacenza from the Papal States and created a dukedom for his son Pier Luigi. Pier Luigi had an enemy in Charles V of Spain, who plotted his death with Ferrante Gonzaga, governor of Milan: on 10 September 1547 the duke was stabbed to death by a group of city nobles, who thus wanted to avenge the abuses of their new lord.

The murder was however pointless, since power remained in the hands of the Farnese family: Pier Luigi's son Ottavio (1556-1586) transferred the capital of the dukedom from Piacenza to Parma, and after his death the two cities came under the rule of the warrior Alessandro (1586-1592), conqueror of the Flemish provinces which had rebelled against Madrid, and courageous commander in the crucial battle of Lepanto (1571). His successor, Ranuccio I (1592-1622), is best remembered for his cruelty: he ordered the public execution in Parma of more than one hundred people suspected of plotting against him (under Ranuccio I, the dukedom of Parma and Piacenza annexed the territories of Colorno, Sala Baganza and Montechiarugolo).

His son Odoardo (1622-1646) embarked on unsuccessful military campaigns, made the mistake of siding with the French against the Spanish, the pope's traditional allies, and was powerless against the devastations caused by the plague, of which about 13,000 people in Piacenza died, and the incursions of Spanish and German mercenary troops.

The House of Farnese continued its decline under Ranuccio II (1646-1694), who lost the Castro territories, and Francesco (1694-1727), who married the German princess Dorotea Sofia of Neuburg. On his sudden death, he was succeeded by his brother Antonio (1727-1731), the last of the Farnese dukes, a portly man weighed down by the political and military games of the great European powers. The main branch of the dynasty died with him. In 1732, the dukedom of Parma and Piacenza came under the rule of Charles of Bourbon, son of Elisabetta Farnese, Queen of Spain, and Philip V.

House of Medici

For more than three centuries (1434-1737), the fabulously wealthy Medici family of Florence, Italy, was one of the most powerful and influential dynasties in Europe. Two popes and two queens came from the Medici line. Art lovers can thank the Medici for fostering and funding great Renaissance talents like Donatello, Botticelli and Michelangelo. And in Florence, which had a love/hate relationship with the Medici, you can hardly walk a block without running into a palace, church or museum that bears the Medici crest or drips with the family's rich cultural inheritance.

The House of Medici was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that de facto ruled the city of Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance. The Medici dynasty first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de’ Medici in the Republic of Florence during the first half of the 15th century. He ruled mostly from behind the scenes, using his vast fortune to control the Florentine political system and patron humanist arts and architecture.

The Medici family are called the Godfathers of the Renaissance because they laid the groundwork for cultural prosperity in Florence. Their major innovations in banking, art, and architecture persist today.

The Medici family is one of the most powerful and influential groups in European history. They innovated new banking systems and laid the groundwork to make Florence a cultural hotspot. Through their political strategy and patronage of major artists like Michelangelo, they created the High Renaissance. Such an extended family has a lot to talk about. Below are five highlights that outline the influence of the Medici family over hundreds of years. 

The Medici Family Influence Lasted 500 Years, Producing Popes, Queens, And Artists

Italy wasn’t a unified nation when the Medici family’s power began. It was organized into city-states, contrary to surrounding nation-states like France. Some of these states were Siena, Venice, Naples, and Florence; the last of which is where the Medicis took hold. 

The peak of their power lasted from 1434 to 1737, and produced figures who would extend their influence outside of Florence. These include four popes: Leo X, Clement VII, Pius IV, and Leo XI. As well as two queens of France: Catherine de’ Medici and Marie de’ Medici. 

The short answer is that they formed the largest bank in Europe in the 15th century, from 1397 to 1494. 

Cosimo the Elder (1389-1464) established the Medici bank in Florence. He expanded it into other city-states, including Geneva, Venice, and Rome, where the Papal States would begin to work with his business. In his lifetime, he would eventually go on to establish branches in foreign cities like London, Bruges, and Lübeck. These branches made it easy for the Papacy to order goods across Europe, and for bishoprics to pay fees from afar.
 
Location is just one part of what made their bank prestigious. The Medici bank also developed some of the financial tools we still use today. They introduced Double Entry Bookkeeping, or the practice of recording a payer’s debits and credits in one log. This made it easier and more accurate to calculate one’s net worth. 

Additionally, it was dangerous to send large sums of money payments across the continent to pay for foreign goods in this era. The Medici Bank fixed this by inventing Letters of Credit. In practice, this could look like an Englishman paying a London Medici Bank in pounds for an art piece from Florence. The Florentine bank would then produce a Letter of Credit to the artist as proof of future payment. Then, the artist can deliver the work, and take his payout of the bank in his own currency. 
 
These achievements eventually helped the Medici family become the wealthiest in Europe

Their Art Patronage Earned Them The Nickname “Godfathers of the Renaissance”

What do the Sistine Chapel, the Duomo of Florence, and St. Peter’s Basilica all have in common? The Medici family helped develop all of them. Through a mixture of peace-harvesting policies, patronage, and sometimes personal relationships, they created an atmosphere for artists like Michelangelo to create masterpieces.

They Set A Peaceful State For Art To Flourish

Between Florence, Milan, Naples, and Rome, Florence was not the most militarily powerful nation. This made it vulnerable to conquering in a period when Italian city-states would fight for power between each other. However, the Medici family were also astounding diplomats.

Cosimo the Elder believed war was bad for trade and negotiated the end to a series of wars in Lombardy. This helped establish a mutual territory agreement between the states.
 
His successor, Lorenzo de’ Medici (1449-1492) ardently continued to keep the Treaty of Lodi alive, the document which Naples, Milan, and Florence signed to keep their peace. Lorenzo also earned the love of Florentine citizens by doing acts such as freeing and clothing galley slaves.

In fact, Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510) is said to have made the piece Pallas and the Centaur for him. Pallas Athena is the Goddess of Knowledge and wisdom, while the centaur represents humanity’s ferality. Lorenzo the Magnificent knew how to negotiate with Naples, even if Naples had a large army that could beat the Florentine’s. Yet, Lorenzo kept Florence independent and safe- Making Lorenzo Athena, and Naples the centaur.
 
On top of being a powerful political figure, he was one of the greatest Medici patrons. He funded several major artists, including Botticelli and Michelangelo.
 
Lorenzo De’ Medici Allowed Michelangelo To Live With Him Like His Own Son 

Lorenzo met Michelangelo when he was a young teenager studying at the Academy of San Marco. According to Ascanio Condivi’s 1533 biography of Michelangelo, Lorenzo found him carving an ancient fawn stone head. He praised the young artist’s skill but also teased him by pointing out an error: that an old fawn would not have a full set of healthy teeth. So Michelangelo knocked off a few teeth and showed Lorenzo the piece again. 

This mixture of quick skill and talent charmed Lorenzo, so he invited the young artist to live in his palace from 1490 to 1492. There, Michelangelo studied under the great Renaissance artist Donatello. He lived alongside Lorenzo’s sons, the future Pope Leo X and Pope Clement VII, who would commission his work for their Papal States in the future. So, when Loren

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