History of Philosophical Pessimism - Futility of Human Life

Philosophical pessimism is a tradition that explores the darker aspects of human existence, often emphasizing suffering, futility, and the inherent limitations of life. This tradition emerged as a counterpoint to more optimistic philosophies, questioning the idea of progress, happiness, and meaning in the world. Influential thinkers have developed it across centuries, beginning with early Greek and Roman philosophers and later expanding significantly in modern European thought.

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Chapters:
0:00 - religion
7:58 - Hegesias of Cyrene
10:18 - medieval poetry
10:47 - Baltasar Gracián
12:45 - Pascal & Voltaire
17:28 - Giacomo Leopardi
23:14 - Arthur Schopenhauer
30:54 - Post-Schopenhaurian pessimism
34:10 - Julius Bahnsen
39:10 - Philipp Mainländer
46:01 - Eduard von Hartmann
50:13 - Nietzsche & Camus
56:47 - Peter Wessel Zapffe
1:00:46 - Emil Cioran
1:04:09 - 21st century
1:09:28 - conclusion

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