India-Qatar Relations-Spies & Submarines

Timeline of Events:
1975:

Covert ties between Oman and Israel emerge: Israel aids Oman in suppressing a Marxist uprising, marking the beginning of their discreet security and intelligence cooperation.
1991:

Iran Revolution shifts US focus: The end of the Cold War and the Iranian Revolution lead the US to recognize Qatar's strategic importance in countering Iran.
1996:

US establishes Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar: This move raises concerns among other Gulf countries about US intentions and Qatar's growing relationship with Iran.
Early 2000s:

Qatar seeks to balance relationships: Feeling pressure from both the US and its Gulf neighbors, Qatar strengthens ties with Iran while also engaging in US-promoted defense privatization.
US encourages defense privatization in Qatar: Aiming to gain further insight into Qatar-Iran relations, the US urges Qatar to open its defense sector to private companies.
2014:

Qatar hosts Taliban peace talks: At Russia's behest, Qatar facilitates negotiations between the US and the Taliban, aiming to appease the US and facilitate their withdrawal from Afghanistan.
Mid-2010s:

Qatar seeks naval modernization: Advised by Iran, Qatar seeks to bolster its navy. Opting against Russia to avoid angering the US, they turn to Italy for assistance.
Italy-Qatar submarine deal raises concerns: Israel, worried about potential threats from Iran-backed Qatar, alerts the US about the submarine deal.
Dahra Global enters the scene: A front organization created by the CIA and Israeli intelligence, Dahra Global, is contracted by Qatar to assess their naval needs, using this opportunity to gather information about the Italy-Qatar deal.
Indian ex-Navy officers join Dahra Global: Around 75 retired Indian naval officers join Dahra Global, some of whom are later sent to Italy to evaluate submarine options for Qatar.
Pakistani ISI uncovers Indian presence: ISI officers in Italy identify the Indian Navy veterans working for Dahra Global, raising suspicions about India's involvement.
Qatar investigates and terminates Dahra Global contract: Following information from Pakistan and China about Dahra Global's true nature, Qatar cancels their contract, arrests company officials, and launches an investigation.
2022:

Formation of I2U2 alliance isolates Qatar and Iran: The alliance between India, Israel, UAE, and the US further strains Qatar's regional standing and fuels their animosity towards India.
Qatar arrests eight Indian ex-Navy officers: Accused of spying for Israel, the arrests are seen as retaliation against India's growing ties with the US and participation in the I2U2 alliance.
Late 2023:

Death sentences of Indian officers commuted: An appellate court in Qatar commutes the death sentences to prison terms ranging from 3 to 25 years.
February 2024:

Qatar releases all eight Indian ex-Navy officers: Following high-level diplomatic efforts and negotiations, including Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Doha, Qatar releases the men.
Cast of Characters:
Qatar:

The Al Thani Family: The ruling family of Qatar, seeking to maintain a balance in their relationships with the US, Iran, and other Gulf nations.
Maj. Gen. Tariq Khalid Al Obaidli: A senior Qatari military official, initially a US asset, later arrested for his involvement with Dahra Global.
United States:

CIA: Instrumental in creating Dahra Global and orchestrating their entry into Qatar's defense sector.
Israel:

Mossad: Collaborated with the CIA in establishing Dahra Global and shared concerns about Qatar's growing naval capabilities.
Oman:

Sultan Qaboos bin Said: The late ruler of Oman who cultivated covert ties with Israel.
Haitham bin Tariq: Current ruler of Oman, maintaining his predecessor's policy of neutrality.
Hamasha Lazmii: Former Royal Oman Air Force leader, recruited by Israel to head Dahra Global.
Pakistan:

ISI: Uncovered the presence of Indian Navy veterans working for Dahra Global in Italy, providing key intelligence to Qatar.
India:

Eight ex-Navy officers: Arrested and accused of spying for Israel while working for Dahra Global in Qatar.
Capt. Navtej Singh Gill
Capt. Birendra Kumar Verma
Capt. Saurabh Vasisht
Cdr. Amit Nagpal
Cdr. Purnendu Tiwari
Cdr. Sugunakar Pakala
Cdr. Sanjeev Gupta
Sailor Ragesh G Kumar
Narendra Modi: Prime Minister of India, played a crucial role in securing the release of the detained officers.
Other Key Players:

Dahra Global Technologies and Consulting Services: The private defense consultancy firm, revealed to be a front organization for US and Israeli intelligence agencies.
Fincantieri: Italian shipbuilding company contracted by Qatar for submarine construction.
Mohammed bin Salman: Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, targeted by Turkish-backed social media campaigns.
This timeline and cast of characters provide a comprehensive overview of the key events and individuals involved in this complex geopolitical situation.