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West Nile Virus: What You Need to Know
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne illness that has become a significant public health concern in various parts of the world. Though many people infected with the virus show no symptoms, a small percentage develop severe neurological issues that can be life-threatening. This article will explore the symptoms, causes, prevention, and treatment of West Nile virus, providing a comprehensive guide to understanding this virus and its impact.
What is West Nile Virus? West Nile virus is an RNA virus transmitted primarily through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It was first identified in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937, and it has since spread across continents, including North America, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia. In the United States, it is the most common mosquito-transmitted virus, with cases reported in nearly every state since its appearance in 1999.
OUTLINE:
00:00:00
A Growing Concern
00:02:37
The Journey of West Nile
00:04:56
Symptoms and Their Causes
00:05:30
How West Nile Spreads
00:06:08
Who's Most Vulnerable?
00:06:48
Identifying West Nile Infections
00:08:53
Managing West Nile Virus
00:09:28
Staying Safe from West Nile
00:10:02
Living with West Nile Virus
#WestNileVirus #WNV #VirusPrevention #HealthAwareness #MosquitoBorneDiseases #PublicHealth #StaySafe #PreventInfection #HealthEducation #ProtectYourself
References
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Zou S, Foster GA, Dodd RY, Petersen LR, Stramer SL. West Nile fever characteristics among viremic persons identified through blood donor screening. J Infect Dis. 2010 Nov 01;202(9):1354-61. [PubMed]
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O'Leary DR, Kuhn S, Kniss KL, Hinckley AF, Rasmussen SA, Pape WJ, Kightlinger LK, Beecham BD, Miller TK, Neitzel DF, Michaels SR, Campbell GL, Lanciotti RS, Hayes EB. Birth outcomes following West Nile Virus infection of pregnant women in the United States: 2003-2004. Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):e537-45. [PubMed]
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Nash D, Mostashari F, Fine A, Miller J, O'Leary D, Murray K, Huang A, Rosenberg A, Greenberg A, Sherman M, Wong S, Layton M., 1999 West Nile Outbreak Response Working Group. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jun 14;344(24):1807-14. [PubMed]
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Williamson PC, Custer B, Biggerstaff BJ, Lanciotti RS, Sayers MH, Eason SJ, Dixon MR, Winkelman V, Lanteri MC, Petersen LR, Busch MP. Incidence of West Nile virus infection in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area during the 2012 epidemic. Epidemiol Infect. 2017 Sep;145(12):2536-2544. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
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Guarner J, Shieh WJ, Hunter S, Paddock CD, Morken T, Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Zaki SR. Clinicopathologic study and laboratory diagnosis of 23 cases with West Nile virus encephalomyelitis. Hum Pathol. 2004 Aug;35(8):983-90. [PubMed]
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Potokar M, Jorgačevski J, Zorec R. Astrocytes in Flavivirus Infections. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 06;20(3) [PMC free article] [PubMed]
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Watson JT, Pertel PE, Jones RC, Siston AM, Paul WS, Austin CC, Gerber SI. Clinical characteristics and functional outcomes of West Nile Fever. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Sep 07;141(5):360-5. [PubMed]
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Hart J, Tillman G, Kraut MA, Chiang HS, Strain JF, Li Y, Agrawal AG, Jester P, Gnann JW, Whitley RJ., NIAID Collaborative Antiviral Study Group West Nile Virus 210 Protocol Team. West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease: neurological manifestations and prospective longitudinal outcomes. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 May 09;14:248. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
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Pleyer U, Klauß V, Wilking H, Nentwich MM. [Tropical ophthalmology : Intraocular inflammation caused by "new" infectious pathogens and travel-related infections]. Ophthalmologe. 2016 Jan;113(1):35-46. [PubMed]
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Chowers MY, Lang R, Nassar F, Ben-David D, Giladi M, Rubinshtein E, Itzhaki A, Mishal J, Siegman-Igra Y, Kitzes R, Pick N, Landau Z, Wolf D, Bin H, Mendelson E, Pitlik SD, Weinberger M. Clinical characteristics of the West Nile fever outbreak, Israel, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Jul-Aug;7(4):675-8. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
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Petersen LR, Marfin AA. West Nile virus: a primer for the clinician. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Aug 06;137(3):173-9. [PubMed]
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Fradin MS. Mosquitoes and mosquito repellents: a clinician's guide. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Jun 01;128(11):931-40. [PubMed]
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DISCLAIMER: Our content provides reliable health and lifestyle information intended solely for educational purposes. For medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, please consult a healthcare expert. Do not disregard professional medical guidance based on the information provided here.
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