Relations with the Buyids of Al-Qadir Billah, 25th Caliph of Abbasid Caliphate.

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Relations with the Buyids of Al-Qadir Billah, 25th Caliph of Abbasid Caliphate.

Dekhti aankhon aur suntay kanon ko Asslamoalaikum, sisters brothers friends and elders In this informative video, we are describing the relationship between the Buyids and Al-Qadir Billah, the 25th Caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate. Through a detailed analysis, we highlight the power struggles, diplomatic maneuvers, and the cultural influences that characterized this era. Describing how these interactions shaped the course of Islamic history and the legacy of the Abbasid dynasty.

Ambitious to subdue the Buyid emirates to the east under his own rule, Baha al-Dawla forced al-Qadir to finance the military preparations to that effect, which progressively emptied the caliphal coffers. Nevertheless, Baha al-Dawla's successes also had positive corollary: following his conquest of western Iran in 998, the Buyid moved his residence to Shiraz. This effectively downgraded Baghdad and Iraq to a mere province, but also left al-Qadir more room for independent activity, which he used to strengthen his authority. While Baha al-Dawla had previously imposed his own candidates even as members of the caliphal court, al-Qadir was now able to establish his own chancery and nominate his own officials, often from among officials who had served under al-Ta'i. Al-Qadir is also recorded as having a separate postal and information service, which he may have (re-)established. The appointment of a vizier on the other hand had to wait the next reign; al-Qadir's chief ministers had to content themselves with the title of 'secretary' (katib). For most of al-Qadir's caliphate, this post was held by al-Hajib al-Nu'man, who served from 992 until his death in 1030, with a brief interruption in 998.

Baha al-Dawla died in 1012, and was succeeded by his son, Sultan al-Dawla. The succession did nothing to halt the decline of the Buyid power in Iraq, or the mounting Sunni–Shi'a tensions. The Buyid emirs that followed Baha al-Dawla were also increasingly engaged in an unrestrained competition for supremacy amongst themselves, in which control of Baghdad and of the caliph, who could dispense titles and tokens of legitimacy, was of central importance. This in turn gave al-Qadir greater freedom of action, and placed him on much better and more equal footing with Baha al-Dawla's successors, who were careful to maintain good relations with the caliph. Sultan al-Dawla did not come to Iraq for his investiture ceremony as amir al-umara, which was carried out in absentia. In contrast to previous occasions, the gifts sent to the caliphal court were modest, while the poverty of al-Qadir had reached such extent that the palace had to be decorated for the occasion with rugs and drapes provided by the governor of Baghdad.

In 1021, Sultan al-Dawla ceded rule over Iraq to his younger brother, Musharrif al-Dawla. The latter came to Baghdad in March 1023, and ordered al-Qadir to come to him. Al-Qadir complied, but when Musharrif al-Dawla went on to renew the oath of allegiance of the Turkic military officers without asking for the Caliph's permission, al-Qadir protested, and in return secured a pledge of fidelity from Musharrif al-Dawla. When the latter died in 1025, Musharrif al-Dawla's brother Jalal al-Dawla and his nephew, Abu Kalijar, clashed over his inheritance. The latter was proclaimed as amir al-umara by the soldiery, and initially recognized as such by the Caliph, but he was toppled when the troops eventually defected to Jalal al-Dawla. The caliph played a central role in these events, mediating with the Turkic soldiery in favour of Jalal al-Dawla, so that, according to the historian Heribert Busse, "the installation of Jalal al-Dawla was the achievement of al-Qadir". Jalal al-Dawla entered Baghdad in 1026 and began curtailing the caliph's powers, but his rule was short-lived, as once again the troops turned against him. Al-Qadir sent a delegation to inform him that he must leave the capital, and prohibited him from returning for several years

Al-Qadir's efforts to re-establish his authority against the Buyids were aided by the broad popular support he could count on among the Sunni population of Baghdad, the decline of Buyid power, and the emergence of Mahmud of Ghazni in the east, who was not only a political opponent of the Buyids, but also a champion of Sunni orthodoxy. The recognition of Mahmud by al-Qadir took place indepepntetly of the Buyids, while conversely Mahmud's recognition of his suzerainty was a boost to the caliph's position. The Ghaznavid ruler regularly kept al-Qadir informed of his campaigns, requesting caliphal confirmation for his rule over the countries he had conquered. Al-Qadir had reports of Mahmud's victories read publicly in the mosques, a gesture that historian Tayeb El-Hibri describes as a barely veiled gibe against the Buyids, and in turn rewarded Mahmud with lofty titles, wali amir al-muminin ('friend of the commander of the faithful') and yam?n al-dawla wa am?n al-milla ('right hand of the state and trustee of the community'). As the historian Michael Brett explains, this arrangement suited both men: for al-Qadir, nominating a powerful prince as his surrogate was a substitute for real power; while for Mahmud, caliphal recognition legitimized his position and his plans for conquests against diverse 'infidels', primarily India to the south, but also the Buyids to the west.[35] Mahmud's lavish gifts also helped alleviate somewhat the poverty of the caliph as a result of Buyid exactions; nevertheless, at his death, al-Qadir left an empty treasury.

Friends sisters brothers tomorow we will be described Championing of Sunnism Al-Qadir Billah, 25th Caliph of Abbasid Caliphate., So permission for upto tomorow. Allah Hafiz

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