The Penal Cluster By Randall Garrett

The story is set in a future in which mankind has colonized other star systems and explores the concept of justice and rehabilitation in a high-tech, interstellar society. The plot centres around the Penal Cluster, an isolated region of space in which planets serve as prisons for convicted offenders. Instead of traditional incarceration, these planets provide a novel sort of rehabilitation via hard work and responsibility. The inmates are tasked with controlling the planetary systems, instilling a feeling of duty and community in them. After a legal mistake, the protagonist, Roy Bullard, is sentenced to the Penal Cluster. As he adjusts to his new existence amid his fellow convicts and the totalitarian administration, he finds engaged in a series of trials and tribulations. Bullard is transformed by his experience, and he plays a critical role in revealing wrongdoing within the cluster's management.