axillary nerve injury, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. deltoid muscle weakness.

axillary nerve injury, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. deltoid muscle weakness.

Introduction:
Axillary nerve injury is a condition that affects the shoulder area, leading to weakness or paralysis of the deltoid muscle. This can severely impact shoulder movement and arm function.

Causes:

Trauma: Common causes include shoulder dislocation, fractures of the humerus, or blunt force trauma.
Surgical Complications: Injuries may occur during surgeries involving the shoulder or upper arm.
Compression: Prolonged pressure on the axillary nerve due to crutches or prolonged lying on one side.
Nerve Diseases: Conditions such as brachial plexopathy can affect the axillary nerve.
Symptoms:

Deltoid Muscle Weakness: Difficulty in lifting the arm away from the body.
Atrophy: Wasting of the deltoid muscle over time.
Numbness or Tingling: Sensation changes in the shoulder area.
Pain: Discomfort or pain around the shoulder, especially with movement.
Diagnosis:

Physical Examination: Assessing muscle strength and sensation.
Electromyography (EMG): Evaluates the electrical activity of muscles.
Nerve Conduction Studies: Measures the speed of electrical signals through the nerve.
Imaging: MRI or ultrasound to visualize nerve damage or associated injuries.
Treatment:

Conservative Management:
Rest: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms.
Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the shoulder muscles and improve range of motion.
Pain Management: Medications or modalities such as ice and heat.
Surgical Intervention:
Nerve Repair or Grafting: In cases where there is a complete tear or significant damage.
Decompression Surgery: If the nerve is compressed.
Deltoid Muscle Weakness:
One of the hallmark signs of axillary nerve injury is deltoid muscle weakness. This muscle is crucial for shoulder abduction, and its impairment can significantly affect daily activities and overall arm function.

Conclusion:
Axillary nerve injury requires prompt and accurate diagnosis to determine the most effective treatment plan. With appropriate management, many individuals can recover significant function and reduce symptoms.

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