7th caliph of Umayyad Caliphate Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan

@islamichistory813 #SeventhCaliph #UmayyadCaliphate #sulaymanibnabdalmalik #Education

Seventh caliph of Umayyad Caliphate Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan

Asslamoalaikum sisters brothers friends and elders, we are discribing about Seventh caliph of Umayyad Caliphate Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan

Learn about the seventh caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, in this educational video. Discover the history and impact of this influential leader. Share this video to spread knowledge and understanding.

Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was the seventh Umayyad caliph, ruling from 715 until his death. He was the son of Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (r.?685–705) and Wallada bint al-Abbas.He began his career as governor of Palestine, while his father Abd al-Malik (r.?685–705) and brother al-Walid I (r.?705–715) reigned as caliphs. There, the theologian Raja ibn Haywa al-Kindi mentored him, and he forged close ties with Yazid ibn al-Muhallab, a major opponent of al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, al-Walid's powerful viceroy of Iraq and the eastern Caliphate. Sulayman resented al-Hajjaj's influence over his brother. As governor, Sulayman founded the city of Ramla and built the White Mosque in it. The new city superseded Lydda as the district capital of Palestine. Lydda was at least partly destroyed and its inhabitants may have been forcibly relocated to Ramla, which developed into an economic hub, became home to many Muslim scholars, and remained the commercial and administrative center of Palestine until the 11th century

The details about Sulayman's first thirty years of life in the medieval sources are scant.[1] He was likely born in Medina around 675.[1][a] His father, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, belonged to the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe, while his mother, Wallada bint al-Abbas ibn al-Jaz, was a great-granddaughter of Zuhayr ibn Jadhima,[3] a prominent 6th-century chieftain of the Arab tribe of Banu Abs.[4] Sulayman was partly raised in the desert by his Banu Abs kinsmen.[5]

At the time of his birth, the Caliphate was ruled by Sulayman's distant cousin, Mu'awiya I,[6] who had founded the ruling Umayyad dynasty in 661.[7] Following the deaths of Mu'awiya I's successors, Yazid I and Mu'awiya II, in 683 and 684, Umayyad authority collapsed across the Caliphate and most provinces recognized the non-Umayyad, Mecca-based, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, as caliph.[8][9] The Umayyads of Medina, including Sulayman, were therefore expelled from the city and became refugees in Syria,[1] where they were supported by loyalist Arab tribes.[10] These tribes elected Sulayman's grandfather, Marwan I, as caliph and formed the Yaman confederation in opposition to the Qaysi tribes, who dominated northern Syria and the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) and supported Ibn al-Zubayr.[11] By 685, Marwan had reestablished Umayyad control over Syria and Egypt.[12] Abd al-Malik, who succeeded him, had by 692 reconquered the rest of the Caliphate.[13]
Sulayman had four wives from different branches of the Umayyad family.[114] Among them was Ayyub's mother, Umm Aban bint Aban, a granddaughter of al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As, the father of Marwan I.[99][115] Another of his Umayyad wives was Umm Yazid bint Abd Allah, a granddaughter of Caliph Yazid I and sister of the future pretender to the caliphate, Abu Muhammad al-Sufyani.[116] She was the mother of Sulayman's sons Yazid, al-Qasim, and Sa'id. Sulayman's wife A'isha bint Abd Allah ibn Amr was a great-granddaughter of Caliph Uthman (r.?644–656) and mother to Sulayman's sons Yahya and Abd Allah.[114] He was also married to Umm Amr, a daughter of Abd Allah ibn Khalid ibn Asid, from whom he had his sons Abd al-Wahid,[114] the future governor of Medina and Mecca under Caliph Marwan II (r.?744–750),[117] and Abd al-Aziz.[114]

Among his other wives were Su'da bint Yahya, a granddaughter of Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, who was a senior companion of Muhammad and an early Muslim leader,[118] and A'isha bint Asma bint Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Harith, a member of the prominent Qurayshite clan of Banu Makhzum, who bore him two sons.[119] From his slave concubines, Sulayman had his sons Dawud, Muhammad, al-Harith, Umar, and Abd al-Rahman,[99] the last of whom died a child.[114] In all, Sulayman had fourteen sons.[99] Muhammad, who was twelve years old at the time of his father's death, was the eldest to have survived him and lived to the reign of Caliph al-Walid II (r.?743–744).[114][120]