Cauda equina syndrome

Cauda equina syndrome refers to a characteristic pattern of neuromuscular and urogenital symptoms resulting from the simultaneous compression of multiple lumbosacral nerve roots below the level of the conus medullaris. These symptoms include low back pain, sciatica (unilateral or, usually, bilateral), saddle sensory disturbances, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and variable lower extremity motor and sensory loss.
Although the lesion is technically involves nerve roots and represents a “peripheral” nerve injury, damage may be irreversible and cauda equina syndrome may be a surgical emergency.