Episode 1772: St Agatho

Saint Agatho (c. 577 – 10 January 681) was Pope of the Catholic Church from 678 to 681. He is venerated as a saint by both the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

Early Life and Papacy
Born in Sicily, Agatho was a Benedictine monk at St. Hermes in Palermo. He was elected Pope in 678 at the age of over 100. Despite his age, he proved to be a capable and energetic leader.

One of Agatho's first acts as Pope was to resolve a dispute between St. Wilfrid of York and St. Theodore of Canterbury concerning diocesan boundaries in England. Agatho ruled in favor of Wilfrid, setting an important precedent for papal authority in England.

Sixth Ecumenical Council
The most important event of Agatho's pontificate was the Sixth Ecumenical Council, held in Constantinople in 680-681. The Council condemned the heresy of Monothelitism, which held that Christ had only one will (divine). Agatho played a key role in the Council's success by sending legates to represent him and by writing a letter to the Emperor Constantine IV outlining the Catholic teaching on the two wills of Christ.

St. Agatho's involvement in the Sixth Ecumenical Council, also known as the Third Council of Constantinople, was pivotal in condemning the heresy of Monothelitism and upholding the doctrine of two wills in Christ. Here's a deeper look:

Playing a Critical Role:

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Sixth Ecumenical Council
Setting the Stage: While Emperor Constantine IV initially called the Council in 680 to address the Monothelite controversy, Pope Agatho wasn't convinced of its necessity. He feared it could further escalate tensions between Rome and Constantinople. However, when Agatho received confirmation of Monothelite influence in the East, he shifted gears and actively participated in the Council's proceedings.
Sending Representatives: Due to his advanced age and the ongoing plague in Rome, Agatho was unable to attend the Council personally. He sent a delegation of legates led by Archpriest John and Bishop Theodore to represent him and advocate for the orthodox position. John and Theodore played a crucial role in presenting Agatho's views and guiding the Council's discussions.
The Power of Words: Agatho's most significant contribution was his "Tome" or letter, addressed to Emperor Constantine IV. This lengthy document, read at the fourth session of the Council, became a cornerstone of the orthodox argument against Monothelitism. In it, Agatho:
Clearly articulates the doctrine of two wills in Christ, one divine and one human, both operating in perfect harmony. He draws heavily from Scripture and the writings of Church Fathers to support his arguments.
Condemns Monothelitism as heretical, accusing it of undermining the distinct natures of Christ's divinity and humanity.
Affirms the primacy of the Roman See in matters of faith, claiming that "the universal Church ... depends on St. Peter, the Prince of the Apostles, and on his successors."
Impact and Legacy:

Council's Vindication: Agatho's "Tome" proved immensely influential. It provided a clear and well-reasoned theological framework for rejecting Monothelitism. The Council ultimately adopted Agatho's views, anathematizing Monothelitism and its proponents, including Pope Honorius I, who had expressed ambiguous views on the issue earlier.
Strengthening Rome's Authority: Agatho's forceful defense of orthodoxy and emphasis on papal primacy also contributed to strengthening the authority of the Roman See in the East. While tensions between Rome and Constantinople would resurface later, the Council laid a foundation for future collaboration in safeguarding Christian doctrine.
Veneration as a Saint: Both the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches recognize St. Agatho for his crucial role in the Sixth Ecumenical Council. He is celebrated as a saint for his unwavering commitment to orthodoxy, his wisdom, and his leadership in defending the truth of the Christian faith.
In conclusion, St. Agatho's involvement in the Sixth Ecumenical Council was far-reaching and impactful. His clear articulation of the two-wills doctrine, coupled with his skillful diplomacy and unwavering conviction, played a central role in defeating Monothelitism and solidifying the Catholic faith. His legacy continues to be valued within both the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions.

Other accomplishments

In addition to his work on the Christological controversy, Agatho also strengthened relations between Rome and Constantinople. He persuaded the Emperor to abolish the tax formerly exacted at the consecration of a newly elected pope. Agatho also died from the plague that afflicted Rome during his papacy.

Legacy

Saint Agatho is remembered as a wise and courageous Pope who defended the Catholic faith against heresy. He is also credited with improving relations between Rome and Constantinople. His feast day is celebrated on January 10.

Here are some additional details about Saint Agatho:

He was known for his piety, charity, and humility.
He was a skilled administrator and diplomat.
He was a patron of the arts and learning.
He is buried in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
I hope this biography is helpful. Please let me know if you have any other questions.