Sternum (Medical Definition) | Quick Explainer Video

What is the sternum? This video covers the medical definition and provides a brief overview of this topic.
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➡️ Sternum
The sternum, commonly referred to as the breastbone, is a flat, elongated bone located at the front and center of the chest in humans and many other vertebrates. It plays a crucial role in protecting vital organs and providing structural support to the chest and ribcage. This video covers the medical definition and provides a brief overview of this topic.

➡️ Parts of the Sternum
The sternum is typically divided into three main parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.

Manubrium: The manubrium is the topmost and widest portion of the sternum. It is shaped like a trapezoid or the handle of a sword and articulates with the clavicles (collarbones) at its superior edges. The clavicular notches on the manubrium form the sternoclavicular joints, which allow for the attachment of the clavicles to the sternum.

Body: The body of the sternum is the long, flat, and narrow middle section. It consists of several segments or sternebrae, which fuse together as a person matures. The body of the sternum is connected to the ribs through costal cartilages, forming the sternocostal joints. These joints are essential for the flexibility and mobility of the ribcage during breathing.

Xiphoid process: The xiphoid process is the smallest and lowest part of the sternum. It is a thin, pointed structure made of cartilage during youth but gradually ossifies (hardens) with age. The xiphoid process does not have any direct bony connections to the ribs but is attached to the abdominal muscles and diaphragm by ligaments. The sternum serves several important functions in the human body.

➡️ Function
One of the primary functions of the sternum is to protect the vital organs located in the thoracic cavity, including the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels. It acts as a shield, helping to safeguard these organs from external trauma or injury. The sternum provides structural support to the ribcage. It serves as an anchor point for the ribs and costal cartilages, helping to maintain the shape and stability of the chest cavity. This support is essential for the mechanics of breathing and the protection of internal organs.

➡️ Muscle
Various muscles of the chest, abdomen, and neck attach to the sternum. These muscles include the pectoralis major, which plays a crucial role in arm movement, and the rectus abdominis, which is important for trunk flexion. The sternum provides a stable point of attachment for these muscles, allowing for coordinated movement. The sternum forms joints with the clavicles and ribs. These articulations facilitate the mobility of the upper limbs and the expansion and contraction of the ribcage during breathing.

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🚑MEDICAL DISCLAIMER
This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult with a physician with any questions that you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you watch in this video. We strive for 100% accuracy, but errors may occur, and medications, protocols, and treatment methods may change over time.

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⏰TIMESTAMPS
0:00 - Intro
0:31 - Manubrium
0:47 - Body
1:07 - Xiphoid
1:29 - Primary Functions
1:57 - Various Muscles
2:38 - Examples
3:00 - Anatomical Structure

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