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The Quran: This is the holy book of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the literal word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of approximately 23 years. It is written in Arabic and is divided into chapters called surahs.

Prophets: Muslims believe in a long line of prophets, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, among others. They consider Muhammad to be the final prophet.

Prophet Muhammad: He is considered the final prophet in Islam. Muslims believe that he received revelations from God through the angel Gabriel, which were later compiled into the Quran. Muhammad is also considered an exemplary model for how Muslims should live their lives.

The Five Pillars of Islam: These are the five basic acts of worship that are considered the foundation of a Muslim's faith and practice:

Shahada (Faith): The declaration of faith, stating that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger.

Salat (Prayer): Performing the five daily prayers at prescribed times throughout the day.

Zakat (Almsgiving): Giving to the poor and needy, typically calculated as a percentage of one's wealth.

Sawm (Fasting during Ramadan): Observing fasting from dawn until sunset during the month of Ramadan.

Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca): Performing a pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca at least once in a lifetime, if one is physically and financially able.

Beliefs: Muslims believe in the Day of Judgment, where individuals will be judged by their deeds, and either rewarded with paradise or punished for their sins.

Mosques: These are places of worship for Muslims. They gather for communal prayers, especially on Fridays, which is the holy day of the week in Islam.

Diversity within Islam: Islam is not a monolithic religion. There are different sects and interpretations, the largest being Sunni and Shia. These groups have some theological and historical differences.

Islamic Law (Sharia): This is a system of moral, ethical, and legal principles based on Islamic scripture and traditions. It covers various aspects of life, including personal conduct, family life, and societal issues.

Cultural Significance: Islam has a profound influence on the cultures of the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia. It has contributed to various fields including art, architecture, literature, and science.