What is coronary artery disease

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to simply as heart disease, is a common and serious condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. These arteries are responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the heart muscle.

The narrowing or blockage occurs due to the buildup of plaque, a combination of cholesterol, fatty deposits, calcium, and other substances. This buildup, known as atherosclerosis, can restrict blood flow to the heart.

CAD can lead to various complications, including chest pain (angina), heart attacks (myocardial infarctions), and other cardiovascular issues. The severity of CAD can range from mild, with minimal symptoms, to severe, potentially leading to life-threatening events.

Risk factors for developing coronary artery disease include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, family history of heart disease, and a sedentary lifestyle. It is a condition that can often be managed or mitigated through lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, medical procedures or surgery. Early detection and intervention are crucial in managing CAD effectively.