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爱德华·吉本《罗马帝国衰亡史》第23章
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1 year ago
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我们读书会这次是看英国历史学家爱德华·吉本(Edward Gibbon, 1737-1794)《罗马帝国衰亡史》,全书共六卷。第一卷出版于1776年,第二、三卷出版于1781年,第四、五、六卷出版于1788年。全书涵盖从98年到1590年的罗马帝国的全部历史。《罗马帝国衰亡史》第一卷出版于1776年2月,时值美国独立战争。同年8月,苏格兰哲学家大卫·休谟(David Hume)病逝。 爱德华·吉本是十八世纪时代之子,属于英伦苏格兰的启蒙时期,他的写作明显带有讥讽的动机,特别是针对已经风行了一千年的奥古斯丁名著《上帝之城》,他努力以启蒙的观点来重构罗马帝国覆亡的前因后果。吉本巨著最富争议性的观点是他提出罗马帝国的衰亡是因为基督教的快速发展,虽然上千年的教会历史也是经常强调基督教因为君士坦丁大帝的皈依(312)而克胜了罗马帝国,但吉本的看法却是以负面的角度来看基督教,明显地与奥古斯丁大相逕庭。然而吉本的讥讽并没有使这套书失去价值,相反书中处处流露出一些独特的历史眼光,使后来的读者不单更深入地认识罗马史,更挑战我们的历史哲学与信念。
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