Counting the Sun's Secrets: 133 Days of Solar Discovery

1 year ago
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Video that showcases solar activity captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) from August 12 to December 22, 2022. The SDO, in its orbit around Earth, has been continuously imaging the Sun in high resolution for nearly 13 years. This data has led to numerous discoveries about the Sun's behavior and its impact on the solar system.

The SDO employs three instruments to capture images of the Sun every 0.75 seconds. The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) captures images at 10 different wavelengths of light, including extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths like 17.1 nanometers, which reveals the Sun's outer atmospheric layer, the corona. The video compresses 133 days of observations into 59 minutes by compiling images taken 108 seconds apart.

As the video shows, the Sun rotates about once every 27 days, and you can see bright active regions moving across its surface. The loops extending above these bright regions represent magnetic fields containing hot, glowing plasma. These areas are also responsible for solar flares, which occur when magnetic fields reconnect in a process known as magnetic reconnection.

The video includes moments where the Sun is off-center, which occurred when the SDO was calibrating its instruments. There are also instances of black frames due to Earth or the Moon passing between the spacecraft and the Sun, as well as data errors or instrument downtime. SDO transmits a substantial amount of data, around 1.4 terabytes, to the ground daily.

The soundtrack accompanying the video is from Lars Leonhard's "Geometric Shapes" album. While the video can be freely shared and downloaded, the music and specific imagery might have usage restrictions based on permissions obtained from the artist. The video's description provides links for further information and guidelines for sharing.

In summary, the video provides a captivating overview of solar activity captured by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, showcasing the Sun's rotations, active regions, magnetic loops, and the intricate processes taking place on its surface.
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