XSpace

SpaceX, is an American spacecraft manufacturer, launch service provider and satellite communications company headquartered in Hawthorne, California. The company was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk with the goal of reducing space transportation costs and to colonize Mars. The company manufactures the Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy and Starship heavy-lift launch vehicles, the Cargo Dragon and Crew Dragon spacecraft, the Starlink mega-constellation satellite and rocket engines.
In early 2001, Elon Musk donated US$100,000 to the Mars Society and joined its board of directors for a short time.[10]: 30–31  He gave a plenary talk at their fourth convention where he announced Mars Oasis, a project to land a greenhouse and grow plants on Mars.[11][12] Musk initially attempted to acquire a Dnepr ICBM for the project through Russian contacts from Jim Cantrell.[13]

When Musk returned to Moscow, Russia, with Michael Griffin, they found the Russians increasingly unreceptive.[14][15] On the flight home Musk announced he could start a company to build the affordable rockets they needed instead.[15] By applying vertical integration,[14] using cheap commercial off-the-shelf components when possible,[15] and adopting the modular approach of modern software engineering, Musk believed SpaceX could significantly cut launch price.[15] Griffin would later be appointed NASA administrator,[16] conceive the COTS program, and approve SpaceX for the $278 million award in 2006 before SpaceX had flown any rockets.[17][18]

In early 2002, Musk started to look for staff for his company, soon to be named SpaceX. Musk approached rocket engineer Tom Mueller (later SpaceX's CTO of propulsion) and invited him to become his business partner. Mueller agreed to work for Musk, and thus SpaceX was born.[19] SpaceX was first headquartered in a warehouse in El Segundo, California. Early SpaceX employees, such as Tom Mueller (CTO), Gwynne Shotwell (COO), and Chris Thompson (VP of Operations), came from neighboring TRW and Boeing corporations. By November 2005, the company had 160 employees.[20] Musk personally interviewed and approved all of SpaceX's early employees.[21] Musk has stated that one of his goals with SpaceX is to decrease the cost and improve the reliability of access to space, ultimately by a factor of ten.
SpaceX developed its first orbital launch vehicle, the Falcon 1, with internal funding.[23][24] The Falcon 1 was an expendable two-stage-to-orbit small-lift launch vehicle. The total development cost of Falcon 1 was approximately $90 million[25] to $100 million.[26] The Falcon name was adopted from the DARPA Falcon Project, part of the Prompt Global Strike program of the US military.[citation needed] [27]

In 2005, SpaceX announced plans to pursue a human-rated commercial space program through the end of the decade, a program that would later become the Dragon spacecraft.[28] In 2006, the company was selected by NASA and awarded $396 million to provide crew and cargo resupply demonstration contracts to the ISS under the COTS program.[29]

The first two Falcon 1 launches were purchased by the United States Department of Defense under a program that evaluates new US launch vehicles suitable for use by DARPA.[24][30][31] The first three launches of the rocket, between 2006 and 2008, all resulted in failures, which almost ended the company. Financing for Tesla Motors had failed, as well,[32] and consequently Tesla, SolarCity, and Musk personally were all nearly bankrupt at the same time.[33] Musk was reportedly "waking from nightmares, screaming and in physical pain" because of the stress.