The Stoic Master: Epictetus' Ultimate Collection Quotes.

Epictetus was a Greek philosopher associated with the Stoics who was born about AD 55, most likely in Hierapolis, Phrygia (now Pamukkale, Turkey), and died around AD 135 in Nicopolis, Epirus (Greece). He is most known for the religious undertone of his teachings, which made him a favorite of many early Christian philosophers.

His real name is unknown; the Greek word for it, epikttos, means "acquired." Despite being a slave as a child, he attended lectures given by the Stoic Musonius Rufus. Later, after being set free, he endured a life of disability and poor health. He and other philosophers were exiled from Rome in AD 90 by the emperor Domitian, who was enraged by the Stoics' warm welcome of those who opposed his dictatorship. Epictetus resided in Nicopolis for the remainder of his life.

Epictetus is unknown to have left any writings. His pupil Arrian passed on his teachings through two works: the Encheiridion, or Manual, which is a condensed aphoristic rendition of the key ideas, and the Discourses, of which four books are still in existence. Epictetus reverted to Socrates and Diogenes, the cynicism-promoting philosopher, as historical examples of the wise man in his teachings, which were more in line with the early Stoics than the late Stoics.

Epictetus, who was mostly concerned with ethics, defined philosophy as the study of "how it is possible to employ desire and aversion without hindrance." He held that the only thing that truly belongs to an individual is his or her will, or purpose. This is the essence of true education, in his opinion. Each being has a free will that cannot be restrained or defeated by anything outside of it, thanks to God acting as a benevolent monarch and parent.

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