The Beautiful Baghdad & Collapse of Islamic Golden Age

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Today we will cover the rise and fall of The Beautiful City of Baghdad.

Baghdad was founded on 30 July 762 CE. It was designed by Caliph Al-Mansur. According to 11th-century scholar Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi in his History of Baghdad, each course of the city wall consisted of 162,000 bricks for the first third of the wall's height.

The wall was 80 ft high, crowned with battlements and flanked by bastions. A deep moat ringed the outer wall's perimeter.

Thousands of architects, engineers, legal experts, surveyors, carpenters, blacksmiths, diggers, and laborers from across the Abbasid Empire were brought in to survey, measure, and excavate the foundations.

Ya’qubi, in his Book of Countries, thought there were 100,000 workers involved. "They say that no other round city is known in all the regions of the world," according to Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi.

But, the city remained one of the cultural and commercial hubs of the Islamic world until February 10, 1258, when it was sacked by the Mongols under Hulagu Khan.

The Mongols massacred most of the city's inhabitants, including the Abbasid Caliph Al-Musta’sim, and destroyed large sections of the city.

The canals and dykes forming the city's irrigation system were destroyed.

The sack of Baghdad put an end to the Abbasid Caliphate, a blow from which the Islamic civilization never fully recovered.

Later the Mongols were defeated by the Mamluks (Qipchak Turks) and expelled from that region.

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