Meet Your Jewish Puppet Masters (cold booded killers)

His wife Doris Elsa Fleischman Bernays, Writer, Public Relations First, And Feminist, 1891 – 198

Show more

Bernays wasa jewish embassador..... the documentary left Woodrow Wilson was responsible for the #FederalReserve act out but here he is:

https://rumble.com/v2qua3l-the-jewish-are-behind-the-federal-reserve-act-the-jewry-exposed.html

Doris Elsa Fleischman Bernays, July 18, 1891 – July 10, 1980, was a writer, public relations executive, and feminist activist.

Fleischman was a member of the Lucy Stone League, a group that encouraged women to keep their names after marriage.

She was the first married woman to be issued a United States passport in her maiden name, Doris Fleischman, in 1925.

https://www.timesofisrael.com/early-facebook-investor-likens-sites-techniques-to-nazi-propaganda/

Personal life

Doris Fleischman was born to a Jewish family in Harlem, New York, on July 18, 1891, the daughter of attorney Samuel Fleischman and Harriet Rosenthal Fleischman.

She was one of three children and was the niece of neurologist Sigmund Freud through her marriage to Edward L. Bernays.

Education

Fleischman attended Hunter Normal School before graduating from Horace Mann School in 1909. She went on to study philosophy, psychology, and English at Barnard College and graduated with a bachelor’s degree in 1913.

While attending Barnard, Fleischman enjoyed painting and singing and earned varsity letters in a multitude of activities, including softball, basketball, and tennis. She also studied music and psychiatry and considered pursuing each as a career path.

In 1917, Fleischman marched in the first Women’s Peace Parade in Harlem, New York. At this time, she also became an active advocate in the Women’s Suffrage Movement.

In 1917, Fleischman marched in the first Women’s Peace Parade in Harlem, New York. At this time, she also became an active advocate in the Women’s Suffrage Movement.

https://www.commondreams.org/views/2020/07/05/hitlers-ideologues-us-racism-bore-fruit-mein-kampf

Adult life

In 1919, she was hired as a writer by childhood friend Edward L. Bernays. They married in 1922 at City Hall. Immediately after the wedding, she signed into the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel using her maiden name.

This was considered extremely unusual and the story made headlines the next morning.

She also traveled to Europe, and before doing so, had a passport issued to her under her maiden name. She was the first American woman to do so.

She also traveled to Europe, and before doing so, had a passport issued to her under her maiden name. She was the first American woman to do so.

Fleischman later became an active member in the Lucy Stone League, which empowered women and urged them to keep their maiden names after marriage.

Fleischman and Bernays became parents to daughter Doris in 1929 and Anne in 1930.

In 1962, Bernays and Fleischman left their home 303 West 107th Street (near West End Avenue) in Harlem, New York to move to Cambridge, Massachusetts.

In 1962, Bernays and Fleischman left their home 303 West 107th Street (near West End Avenue) in Harlem, New York to move to Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Fleischman died of a stroke in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on July 10, 1980.

Career and publications

…she was the first woman to report on a boxing match.

After graduating from Barnard, Fleischman wrote for the women’s page at the New York Tribune in 1913 before being promoted to assistant Sunday editor, where she was the first woman to report on a boxing match.

During her time at the New York Tribune, she used her writing to empower women.

Some of the topics she addressed on the women’s page included cooking, fashion, women at home, women in the workplace, women at war, and efforts in the Feminist Movement and Women’s Suffrage Movement.

She left the New York Tribune in 1916. In 1919, she was the first hire by Edward L. Bernays as a staff writer in the firm known as Edward L. Bernays, Council on Public Relations. Some of her duties included drafting articles and news releases.

Fleischman and Bernays also worked together on campaigns to promote anything from oil sales to presidential candidates. After her marriage to Bernays in 1922, Fleischman became an equal partner within the firm.

In 1946, she became the vice president of the newly created Edward L. Bernays Foundation. Among her accomplishments were an internal client publication Contact (which explained the nature and value of public relations to clients) and securing press coverage for the NAACP convention in Atlanta.

This convention in particular was extremely important, as it was the first to ever be held below the Mason-Dixon line.

This convention in particular was extremely important, as it was the first to ever be held below the Mason-Dixon line.

At the conference, Fleischman experienced discrimination and threats of violence based on her gender but continued to work to have southern press agencies cover the conference, a difficult feat at the time.

She also proved herself by going on to work with important clients like Dwight D. Eisenhower, Sigmund Freud, Jane Addams, Irene Castle, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas A. Edison.

In 1927, Fleischman joined the Woman Pays Club. This club was created by a group of women in 1919 with the purpose of mocking a well-known men’s club in New York.

The members of the Woman Pays Club typically met biweekly and had guests come to speak about fighting prejudice against women.

Around this time, Fleischman took her passion for feminism and wrote about women’s issues for national publications and had numerous published articles in magazines like Ladies’ Home Journal and American Mercury.

In addition to articles and columns written for larger publications, she also worked on her own books and journals.

In 1928, she published “An Outline of Careers for Women: A Practical Guide to Achievement,” which detailed career options available for young women and encouraged them to pursue them.

She wrote a chapter for Fred J. Ringel’s book, America as Americans See It, and described women’s work both in and out of the domestic setting.

In 1939, she addressed the importance of women in domestic work at a conference on women’s work in the home.

Starting with her essay “Notes of a Retiring Feminist,” published in the American Mercury in 1949, she began to use her married name Doris Fleischman Bernays professionally.

In 1950, Fleischman was contacted by Ruth Hale, founder of the Lucy Stone League, to help revive her organization which had been inactive for almost two decades following its founding in 1921.

Upon the revival of the League, Fleischman served as its vice president and worked with other women who were pioneers in their fields such as Jane Grant, Doris Stevens, Anna M. Kross, and Fannie Hurst.

Together, they worked to conduct research about women’s pay and women’s position in the American economy.

In 1952, Fleischman was invited by the director of the Women’s Bureau of the U.S. Department of Labor to attend a conference on pay equity and women in the workplace. Later that year, she resigned from her position in the Lucy Stone League.

Around this time, Fleischman also began searching for publishers to print a book she had been working on for over three years which detailed the struggles women face in the domestic and professional settings.

After being rejected by multiple publishers over the course of two years, Flesichman finally had success with Crown Publishing Company.

In 1955, she published her memoir, A Wife Is Many Women, under her married name.

Fleischman moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts with her husband in 1962 so that he could finish writing his book and they could retire together.

However, these retirement plans did not last, and Fleischman and Bernays continued to work after they sold their New York office to establish a new public relations business in Cambridge.

Upon the establishment of their new “public relations counsel,” as Bernays called it, they gained many new clients including the U.S. Department of Commerce; the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; the West Valley Community College; and the Massachusetts Law Association.

In 1971, Fleischman joined Theta Sigma Phi, the Association for Women in Communications. As an older member, she was enthusiastic about helping students in the organizations, and she gave them advice and helped them land jobs in the field.

Theta Sigma Phi awarded her their highest honor, the National Headliner Award, in 1972.

Fleischman worked with her husband’s agency and Women In Communications, Inc. to develop two competitions that took place in 1974 and 1977.

These competitions consisted of submissions by organizations and individuals and sought out the best plans for solutions in pay equity and justice for women in the workplace and the home.

Winners received scholarship money to continue research in hopes of making these plans become reality. The Chicago Chapter of Public Relations Society of America recognized Fleischman’s work and presented her with a leadership award in 1976.

Towards the end of her career, Fleischman wrote many book reviews for the Worcester Sunday Telegram in Cambridge.

With the help of her husband, she also self-published 22 of her own poems in a book called Progression in 1977.

Death

She died on July 10, 1980, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
======
======

How Eddie Bernays got you to buy books, wear hairnets, and eat bacon for breakfast

One could argue that the birth of modern public relations is really the story of bacon and eggs. Prior to the 1920s, breakfast was toast and a cup of coffee.
When a company called Beech-Nut Packing wanted to boost its bacon sales, they called PR man Edwards Bernays.

Bernays didn't place ads in magazines or post billboards with catchy slogans. Instead, he commissioned a research study on the eating habits of Americans. A doctor concluded that, because the body loses energy during the night, a robust breakfast is healthier than a light one. Bernays saw to it that thousands of physicians got the report, along with a publicity packet touting bacon and eggs as a hearty way to start the day. Pretty soon, doctors were recommending it to their patients, and the all-American breakfast was born.

Syphilis and Propaganda

Edwards Bernays was born in Vienna to Jewish parents and immigrated to the United States with his family when he was an infant. The elder Bernays had been a wealthy farmer, and he hoped his son would follow in his footsteps. So, he enrolled young Eddie in Cornell's esteemed College of Agriculture. Eddie complied, albeit unwillingly.

A child of the Manhattan brownstone, he'd grown accustomed to the bustling pace of the big city. Upon receiving his degree in 1912, the only thing Eddie seemed certain of was that farm life was not for him. And that's when fate intervened.

One day while boarding the Ninth Avenue trolley on Manhattan, Eddie crossed paths with an old friend named Fred Robinson.

Robinson offered Bernays a job managing two monthly journals, the Medical Review of Reviews and the Dietetic and Hygienic Gazette. Eddie accepted, although he knew little about publishing or medicine. Fortunately, none of that mattered a few months later, when he used the journals to publish a review of the play Damaged Goods. That may not sound like a big deal, but Damaged Goods was about a man who had syphilis.

Sex was such a taboo subject at the time that New York censors had previously shut down George Bernard Shaw's Mrs. Warren's Profession because it dealt with prostitution. Regardless, Eddie published a rave review and even offered to help produce the show. But the real trick was convincing censors to look the other way.

Employing a technique that would later become one of his trademarks, Eddie created a "third party authority" called the Sociological Fund Committee.

It was a fake organization tailor-made to legitimize the play as a crusade against the prevailing attitude of "sex-pruriency." After lobbying prominent society figures, Eddie had supporters like John D. Rockefeller and Franklin Roosevelt on his side. Although critics lampooned the play, Bernays made syphilis a cause célèbre, and turned the production into a huge financial success.

Id, Ego, and Super-Uncle

The future looked bright for Bernays the Producer, but then fate stepped in again with the outbreak of World War I. Eddie tried to enlist, but was turned away due to flat feet and poor vision. Undeterred, he set his sights on the Committee on Public Information -the propaganda machine responsible for Uncle Sam's "I Want You" recruitment poster. There, as co-head of the Latin American section, Bernays honed his manipulative propaganda skills.

Although the agency's propaganda helped America win the war, its methods were sharply criticized by members of Congress, who suspected the CPI of censoring the media. The organization was dismantled, the profession of public relations came under heavy scrutiny, and Bernays was left severely disillusioned.

Salvation came in the form of Sigmund Freud, Bernays' famous uncle. In 1919, Eddie translated a series of Freud's lectured into English, and the work brought the psychiatrist widespread attention in America. Despite being derided by some critics as a "professional nephew," Eddie largely benefitted from having a famous uncle. Freud's theories on human behavior ignited a new fire in Bernays. He realized that if propaganda could be used to manipulate Americans during times of war, it could also be used in times of peace to influence trends, habits, and -most importantly- consumer spending.

Bookshelves, Hairnets, and Children Who Love to Wash Their Hands

Buoyed by Freud's success, Bernays embarked upon a series of campaigns that secured him as the master of marketing. When a group of major book publishers asked him to bolster sales, he proclaimed, "Where there are bookshelves, there will be books." Bernays then convinced architects, construction companies, and interior designers to install bookshelves in new homes. The scheme paid off, and the book business skyrocketed.

In another campaign, Bernays helped a company named Venida salvage lagging hairnet sales. Short hairstyles were in, thanks to dancehall icon Irene Castle. And without long locks, women had no need for hairnets. Bernays created a new market, repurposing the beauty accessory as safety gear. He asked experts to issue reports explaining the hazards of hair falling into food or getting caught in machinery. Soon, Venida hairnets became essential for all restaurant and factory workers.

His genius didn't stop there, either. When client Proctor & Gamble approached Bernays in the 1920s to help make its soap more appealing to children, Eddie promised that "Children, the enemies of soap, would be conditioned to enjoy using Ivory." And just like Pavlov and his dogs, Eddie trained America's youth to associate soap with fun. He created the National Soap Sculpture Contest, complete with heavily publicized cash prizes. A sweeping success, it became an annual tradition that kept children whittling away at Ivory for the next 38 years.

Torches of Freedom

Not all of Bernays' campaigns were so wholesome. One of his most well-known, if not controversial, projects was for Lucky Strike cigarettes. In the late 1920s, American Tobacco Company chairman George Washington Hill charged Bernays' PR firm with acquiring a new market for its cigarettes -women. In Eddie's words, "Hill become obsessed with the prospect of winning over the largest potential female market for Luckies. 'If I can crack that market.' he said to me one day, "it will be like opening a new goldmine right in our front yard.'"

For the campaign, Bernays enlisted the help of his wife, fellow marketing genius Doris Fleischman. First, they worked to brand cigarettes as an alternative to candy. When that didn't work, they tried to convince women that green -the official color of Luckies- was the new black. With assistance from editors at Vogue and Harper's Bazaar, green began to dominate the fashion world. The duo even orchestrated a "Green Ball" in New York, featuring some of the city's most prominent socialites. Although Lucky Strikes' sales climbed, it wasn't enough. Bernays and Fleischman realized that true success would require overcoming a major taboo. In society's eyes, women still weren't allowed to smoke in public. Armed with the knowledge that many women smoked in private, they staged an event that captivated the nation.

On Easter Sunday in 1929, a group of ten women strolled down Fifth Avenue in full view of church-going families (as well as conveniently-placed photographers) flaunting lit cigarettes, which they called their "Torches of Freedom." The news story caught fire, and controversy raged between women's groups on both sides of the issue. Around the nation, copycat "Torches of Freedom" sparked up, and millions of dollars poured into the coffers of American Tobacco.

Smoke and Mirrors

Unfortunately, the tobacco campaign backfired on Bernays. His wife Doris joined the legions of female smokers and became a lifelong tobacco user, despite protests from Eddie and their children.

Overcome with guilt, Bernays launched a radical plan in 1964 to eradicate smoking from society. Wielding medical research on the harmful effects of tobacco, he campaigned to convince America that smoking was an "antisocial action which no self-respecting person carries on in the presence of others." His efforts led to a ban on cigarette advertising from radio and television, which dealt a major blow to companies he once served.

Eddie felt guilty about other things, too. In the early 1950s, the United Fruit Company enlisted his help in Guatemala. The company was trying to hold onto the land leased to them by the government -land that national officials wanted to reclaim for the Guatemalan people. Bernays responded by waging a propaganda war that made president Jacobo Arbenz out to be a Communist. The claim was categorically untrue, but McCarthy-era politicos seized the rhetoric and rallied for war against the tiny nation. Bernays enlisted the CIA's help and orchestrated an elaborate liberation campaign to replace the democratically-elected president with a United Fruit Company puppet. The resulting Banana Republic lasted for decades.

Bernays must have felt his greatest moment of self-doubt in 1933 when foreign correspondent Karl von Weigand contacted him upon his return from Nazi Germany. During an interview with Joseph Goebbels, Hitler's devoted friend and minister of propaganda, von Weigand had noticed a familiar book sitting prominently on Goebbels' desk; it was Bernays' seminal work Crystallizing Public Opinion. Ironically, Eddie was Jewish.

The Sultan of Spin

Bernays formally retired in the early 1960s, but he kept working as a consultant until he was 100 years old. In 1990, he was voted to LIFE magazine's list of the 100 Most Influential People of the 20th Century. Bernays died on March 9, 1995 in Cambridge, Mass. at the age of 103.

Through his long and storied career, it's estimated that Bernays had 435 clients, not to mention countless disciples. His exhaustive list of clients included General Motors, the NAACP, the Multiple Sclerosis Society, and CBS, as well as famed individuals like playwright Eugene O'Neill, painter Georgia O'Keefe, and presidents Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover.

Despite his controversial campaigns, Bernays always demanded that PR professional adhere to a strict moral code. He believed the field should be licensed, like that of lawyers or doctors, so that only qualified professionals could practice. After all, he -more than anyone- understood that with the power of public persuasion came great responsibilities.

This Day in Jewish History The 'Father of Public Relations’ Dies

Edward Bernays got thousands of doctors to recommend Americans to start the day with bacon and eggs. That was just one of his stunts.

On March 9, 1995, Edward Bernays, the man widely viewed as holder of the dubious title “father of public relations” in America, died at the age of 103. Bernays, a nephew of Sigmund Freud through both his mother and father, employed scientific methodology to achieve what he called the “engineering of consent” – persuading people through indirect means to believe in something they didn’t yet know was good for them.
Want to read more?

Subscribe today and save 40%

https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2014-03-09/ty-article/.premium/this-day-the-father-of-pr-dies/0000017f-f846-d460-afff-fb66ce250000

The dispute between Philipp Lenard and Albert Einstein sheds considerable light on the power of nonscientific concerns to sway scientists. NASA via Wikimedia

Scientists are not always as scientific as many suppose. Recent well-publicized cases of scientific fraud prove that scientists can be as susceptible to the allures of wealth, power and fame as politicians, the group that enjoys the lowest public trust.

Glaring recent cases have included falsified results in the development of an HIV vaccine and new techniques for producing stem cells.

Such breaches prove that scientists do not always base their work strictly on rigorous experimentation, data collection and analysis, and hypothesis testing. In fact, scientists frequently disagree with one another, both as individuals and as representatives of competing schools of thought. Some of these debates rage on for years.

Superstring theory, sometimes called the “theory of everything,” has been a topic of vigorous contention for over 30 years.

In some cases, personalities, prejudices and petty jealousies enter the picture. Consider, for example, one of the great disputes of 20th-century physics, the long-running feud between two world-renowned physicists.

The antagonism between Philipp Lenard and Albert Einstein sheds considerable light on the power of nonscientific concerns to sway scientists.

Philipp Lenard (1862-1947) was a German experimental physicist who advanced the study of X-ray tubes, the photoelectric effect and atomic theory.

His results led him to propose (correctly) that most of the atom is composed of empty space. Lenard was a genius, operating with a deep conviction that only careful experimentation could advance the understanding of the structure of the universe. Lenard received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1905 for his work on cathode rays.

Don’t let yourself be misled. Understand issues with help from experts

Albert Einstein (1879-1955), who needs little introduction, was a Swiss theoretical physicist who developed the theories of special relativity, general relativity, mass-energy equivalence (E = mc2), and the photoelectric effect – the latter relying on key experimental results furnished by the work of Lenard.

Amazingly, Einstein made many of his seminal contributions not like Lenard, while running a laboratory at a prestigious university, but while working as a low-level Swiss patent clerk. Einstein won the Nobel prize in physics in 1921 for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.

Initially, the relationship between Lenard and Einstein seems to have been cordial. Their correspondence suggests that each held the other in high admiration. When Einstein published his quantum theory explaining the photoelectric effect, Lenard wrote to him, “Nothing can make me happier than a thinker of great depth and scope deriving some pleasure from my work.” Einstein, in turn, referred to Lenard as “a great master and genius.”

But as detailed in a recent book, The Man Who Stalked Einstein, their relationship soon deteriorated. In a letter to a friend a few years later, Einstein expressed a quite different view of Lenard, who was then regarded by many as the most celebrated physicist in Germany:

His theories on the ether seem to me almost infantile, and some of his investigations border on the ludicrous. I am very sorry that you must waste your time with such stupidities.

Lenard, meanwhile, was soon swept along in a wave of German nationalism that accompanied World War I. He became increasingly convinced of the existence of a distinctively German physics that needed to be defended against the plagiarized or frankly fabricated work emanating from other countries. Lenard also became more and more mired in anti-Semitism, accusing the “Jewish press” of, among other things, promoting Einstein’s dangerous work on relativity.

In 1920, just a year before Einstein won the Nobel Prize, the debate between Lenard and Einstein erupted into a duel of words at a major German research conference.

Lenard argued that Einstein’s hyper-theoretical and hyper-mathematical approach to physics was exerting a pernicious influence in the field. The time had come, he argued, to restore experimentalism to its proper place. He also launched a malicious attack on Einstein, making little attempt to conceal his antipathy toward Jews.

Lenard’s attacks on Einstein became increasingly vitriolic. He compared theoretical physicists to Cubist painters, who in his view were “unable to paint decently.” He lamented the fact that a “Jewish spirit” had come to rule over physics. Of Einstein himself, whose ideas had been accepted by many of the most prominent physicists around the world, Lenard opined, “Just because a goat is born in a stable does not make him a noble thoroughbred.”

Einstein initially attempted to respond to Lenard’s attacks on his theory of relativity with humor:

“When you are courting a nice girl, an hour seems like a second, but when you sit on a red-hot cinder, a second seems like an hour. That’s relativity.”

Later, he abandoned all pretense of patience and tolerance, labeling Lenard “a really twisted fellow” who must continue “to do business with the monster until he bites the dust.”

WC Roentgen, 1906. Wellcome Images, CC BY

Lenard’s conviction that science, “like everything else man produces,” was somehow grounded in bloodlines led him to become one of the early adherents of National Socialism. Unlike many German scientists who regarded Adolf Hitler with disdain, Lenard was one of his most fervent supporters, and became the regime’s number one physics authority. Ironically, the National Socialists’ disdain for “Jewish physics” was one of the main reasons they did not develop nuclear weapons.

Lenard directed his invective at other scientists. He grew extremely resentful of the credit accorded to Wilhelm Roentgen, who received the first Nobel Prize in physics for the discovery of the X-ray, despite the fact that Roentgen was German and a non-Jew. Lenard wrote that he, not Roentgen, was the “mother of the X-rays,” since he had invented the apparatus used to produce them. He likened Roentgen’s role to that of a “midwife” who merely assists with the birth.

Lenard eventually became “Chief of Aryan Physics” under the Nazi regime. In 1933 he published a book called Great Men in Science, which omitted all mention of Einstein, Roentgen and such other notable 20th-century scientists as Marie Curie. When World War II ended, Lenard’s prominent role in the Nazi regime led to his arrest, but he was quite advanced in years. Instead of being sentenced to prison, he was sent to live in a small German village, where he died at age 83.

The story of Philipp Lenard reminds us that even scientists of the very highest caliber sometimes think, speak and act in utterly unscientific ways, swayed by prejudices that have no scientific basis. They are human beings too, and members of the general public need to be careful to distinguish between a scientist whose arguments are based in evidence and one whose pronouncements stem from other, less reliable sources of conviction.

Edward Bernays was a member of this massive Jesuit machine. His uncle, Sigmund Freud, was a master Jesuit manipulator who influenced Bernays in countless ways. Freud was thought to have brought out and fully developed the narcissist in Bernays, who was known to all as a "braggart."

Main contributions of the Jews to the modern world (19th, 20th and 21st centuries).

It is well known that Western Civilization is based on the union of two intertwined pillars, the Greco-Latin and Judeo-Christian. In turn, the Hebrew people, People of the Book, who have bequeathed us the Bible and the Kabbalah, among other wonders, arise from the confluence of various civilizations, beginning with Sumeria (in Mesopotamia) and Egypt.

The novel approach of this museum content, undoubtedly revealing, is not to analyze the Jewish people in terms of their religious Judaism – the creator of monotheism – and enormous historical relevance (something that develops in the first seven parts of the museum), but relying on personalities of Jewish origin as individuals, men and women whose enormous contributions to the world today have served to transform our societies and our lives.

Science and humanities, philosophy, literature, cinema, art and culture, political movements, commerce and economics, business and finance, sport, journalism, media, marketing and advertising, inventions, high technology, the Internet, etc. Jews have been ubiquitous in all areas of humanity since they achieved their legal emancipation, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. To the abilities and talents of people of Jewish origin we owe a debt of gratitude.

To the abilities and talents of the Jewish we owe, among thousands of ideas and things in all areas of our daily life, the weekly day of rest – initially a Saturday or Sabbat –, –the ten commandments– including the most sacred: thou will not kill – the end of human sacrifices (Abraham and Isaac, Genesis 22), the invention of cement more than nine thousand years ago (in Jericho, the oldest city in the world), exchange papers (Chinese medieval Jews), money in bills since the XVIII century and also bearer checks, vaccines and medical advances of all kinds,

such as various treatments in the fight against cancer, hepatitis or AIDS (Gertrude B. Elion, Bruce Beutler, Ralph Marvin Steinman), the first treatment against leukemia, modern immunology (Paul Ehrlich), the first effective medicinal treatment for syphilis, the discovery of vitamins (Kazimierz Funk), cholesterol (Konrad Emil Bloch), blood groups (Karl Landsteiner), arsphenamine (Salvarsa), the structure of DNA (Rosalind Franklin), antibiotics, polio vaccines (Jonas Salk), oral contraceptive pills (Gregory Pincus), quantum physics (Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, John von Neumann), the first Big Bang Theory (Alexandre Friedmann), topology and topography (Solomon Lefschetz, Felix Hausdorff), psychology and psychoanalysis (Viena Psychoanalytic Society: Freud, Alfred Adler, Karl Abraham, Sándor Ferenczi, Wilhelm Reich, Sabina Spielrein), sociology and modern anthropology (Claude Levi-Strauss), statistics, cybernetics (Norbert Wiener), neurology and neurophysiology (Otto Loewi, Abraham Low, Rita Levi-Montalcini, Karl Pribram), the initial development of nanotechnology (Richard Feynman), plastic surgery and rhinoplasty (Irving B. Goldman), the first immunosuppressive agent to transplant organs…

Also inventions like the gasoline fueled car (Sigfried Marcus), or the first carburetor of gasoline and diesel engines, aspirin (something Bayer has not yet recognized) by Arthur Eichengrün, the first recording electricity consumption meter (Hermann Aron), first field-effect transistor and electrolytic capacitor (Julius Edgar Lilienfeld), the match (Sansone Valobra), artificial cardiac pacemaker and cardiac defibrillator (Paul Zoll), calculators, ballpoint pens (László Bíró), tomato consumption (John de Sequeyra: Dr. Siccary), ammonia synthesis –essential for the creation of fertilizers–, color photography (Gabriel Lippmann), instant photography, flash (Morris Schwartz) and Polaroid camera, color slides, the film industry and studios in Hollywood (Universal, Paramount, MGM, T.C.Fox, Warner Bros.), radio and television in the United States and Canada (David Sarnoff: RCA and RKO founder), musical records (Peter Carl Goldman), phonograph or record player (Emile Berliner), American record industry, color film and sound film, American newspapers and publishing companies (New York Times, Condé Nast, Random House, Hollywood Reporter, Rolling Stone…), preservation and distribution of yogurt, shopping carts (Sylvan Goldman), first supermarkets and malls, lipstick (Maurice Levy), condoms (Julius Schmit), diamond industry, nuclear power, radar (Heinrich Hertz) and weather radar (David Atlas), zeppelin (David Schwarz), the creation of the first reactors for NASA rockets (Theodore von Kármán), the first supersonic flights developed by NATO, the spread spectrum patent that allows wireless telecommunications (Hedy Lamarr), walkie-talkie (Alfred J. Gross), remote control (Robert Adler), pacemaker, first laser (Gordon Gould), nuclear magnetic resonance (Isidor Asaac Rabi), LED technology (Zhores Alfiorov), Duracell batteries (Samuel Ruben), the first videotape (Charles Ginsburg), the first videogames and game consoles (Ralph H. Baer), the USB memory or pendrive (Dov Moran, of the Israeli company SanDisk), the beginning of quantum computing, microprocessors that prevent electronic and computer equipment from overheating and burning out, Internet protocols and World Wide Web (Bob Kahn), many technology companies like Google (owner of Youtube), founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Facebook (Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz), WhatsApp (Jan Koum), Oracle (Larry Ellison), PayPal (Max Levchin, Dan Schulman), Dell, Android mobile system (Andy Rubin), SalesForce (Marc Benioff), Tinder, Getty Images (co-founder Jonathan Klein), TripAdvisor (Stephen Kaufer), BitTorrent protocol (Bram Cohen), the term “computer virus”, marketing as an academic discipline (Philip Kotler), first theory of public relations and propaganda (Edward Bernays), ecology and environmental activism (Irving and Dorothy Stowe, Greenpeace founders), American feminism (Emma Goldman, Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem), the origins of hundreds of brands, some as well-known as the cream Nivea (Oscar Troplowitz), Levi’s jeans (Levi Strauss), the first Mercedes-Benz cars (Mercédès Jelllinek, daughter of automobile entrepreneur Emil Jellinek), the Heineken beer yeast formula (Hartog Elion), the origin of companies such as Phillips (Benjamin Frederik Phillips, cousin o Karl Marx), Citröen (André Gustave Citröen), clothing brands, cosmetics companies and fashion retailers like Max Factor, Estée Lauder, Revlon, Fabergé (Samuel Rubin), Helena Rubinstein, Bobbi Brown, Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein, Guess (Paul Marciano), Gap (Don and Doris Fisher), Michael Kors, Marc Jacobs, Donna Karan, Stuart Weitzman, Mango (Andic family), Pronovias (Palatchi family), food brands like Danone/Dannon (Carasso family, Isaac Carasso and his son Daniel), Starbucks coffeehouse chains (Howard Schultz), ice cream Häagen-Dazs (Reuben and Rose Mattus), Dunkin’ Donuts (William Rosenberg), toys companys (Hasbro –Hassenfeld Brothers–, Mattel –Elliot and Ruth Handler–, Toys “R” Us –Charles Lazarus–),the Big Four advertising agencies (WPP, Omnicom, Publicis, Interpublic), or distribution companies such as Sears, Macy’s, Bloomingdale’s, Khol’s, Marks & Spencer, John Lewis, etc.

In short, Jewish talents gave a boost to the global art market (Solomon Guggenheim, Paul Rosenberg, Alfred Lindon, Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, Leo Castelli), linguistics (Émile Durkheim, Marcel Mauss, Roman Jakobson), modern philosophy (Edmund Husserl, Wittgenstein, Bergson, Levinas, Popper, Lévi-Strauss, Cassirer, Hannah Arendt, Derrida, Simone Weil, Walter Benjamin, Adorno, Marcuse, Martin Buber, Erich Fromm, Isaiah Berlin, Gershom Scholem, Raymond Aron, Zygmunt Bauman, Edgar Morin), modern literature (Proust, Kafka, Bruno Schulz, Stefan Zweig, Joseph Roth, Ana Frank, Iréne Némirovsky, Elie Wiesel, Asimov, Perec, Koestler, Arthur Miller, Saul Bellow, Philip Roth, Paul Auster…), great photographers (Andre Kertész, Man Ray, Alfred Stieglitz, Robert Capa and Magnum Photos, Richard Avedon, Annie Leibovitz), the great ballet dancers (Ida Rubinstein, Maya Plisétskaya, Alicia Markova), film directors (Eisenstein, Fritz Lang, Billy Wilder, Wyler, Cukor, Kubrick, Lumet, Polanski, Woody Allen, Spielberg, Coen brothers… more than three hundred great filmmakers), Classic music (Felix Mendelssohn, Johann Strauss, Mahler, Schönberg, Gerswin, Copland, Rubinstein, Leonard Bernstein, violinists Jascha Heifetz and Yehudi Menuhin) and pop music (Bod Dylan, Leonard Cohen, Lou Reed, Mark Knopfler, Neil Diamond, Simon & Garfunkel, Lenny Kravitz, Amy Winehouse, Billy Joel, Serge Gainsbourg, Marc Bolan from T. Rex, The Ramones, Beck, Adam Levine from Maroon 5), the invention of Esperanto (L.L. Zamenhof),

hundreds of Nobel Prizes, the creation of the Pulitzer Prizes and the Pritzker ((Nobel prizes of architecture, Pritzker family), the invention of UNICEF (Ludwik Rajchman), the NBA league (Maurice Podoloff) and American Hockey League (AHL), and even the comic superheroes of Marvel (Stan Lee), DC and others (Superman, Batman, Spiderman, X-Men), and of course the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 (written by René Cassin).

From Abraham to Moses, from Jesus Christ (Yehoshua) to Maimonides and Spinoza, from Marx to Freud, from Kafka to Einstein, Jews have almost always been great subjects of history. The Jewish Museum of Spain explains how, when and why.

https://rossall.org.uk/robert-hamilton-bernays-2/
Robert Hamilton Bernays (1902-1945) Rossallian

Amazing Alumni, From the Headmaster

Robert Hamilton Bernays

During the first half of the twentieth century, England’s leading independent schools tended to specialise in producing brilliant all-rounders who lived their lives at a feverish pace. All too often, such individuals were plunged into the maelstrom of war and destined to die tragically young. One thinks of the journalist and foreign correspondent Philip Pembroke Stephens, who studied Roman Dutch law at Cambridge before embarking upon a career that took in the movies, foreign diplomacy and journalism. At the age of just thirty four, he was felled by a sniper’s bullet during the Japanese invasion of Shanghai. Philip had ascended a water tower to gain a better view of the invading army. John Simpson writes at length about Stephen’s remarkable life in ‘Unreliable Sources’ and notes that he worked for the League of Nations, travelled to Spain to report on the Civil War, was expelled from Nazi Germany in 1934 for attempting to alert the world to the dangers of fascism, before immersing himself in the Italo-Abyssinian War. He was something of a star and he was so highly valued by the Daily Telegraph that they chartered a plane to fly him to China.

In many ways Robert Hamilton Bernays’ life mirrored that of Philip Pembroke Stephens. The Bernays family were of German Jewish origin and they were dazzlingly successful in a variety of different areas including commerce, politics, public relations, military service and the arts. The son of a clergyman, Robert was distantly related to the Freuds and he was a cousin of Edward Bernays who is considered the ‘father of public relations’ and he was a world expert on propaganda. In the late Twenties, Bernays was best known for his campaign to market cigarettes to women by labelling them ‘torches of freedom’. In 1954, he worked with the CIA to overthrow the democratically elected government of Guatemala. Brilliant, cynical and well-connected, Edward was recently named one of the hundred most influential Americans of the twentieth century.

Robert Bernays attended Rossall School between 1916 and 1921 before going up to Worcester College Oxford. A keen rower, he was elected President of the Worcester College Junior Common Room before going on to become President of the Oxford Union. Past holders of that post include Herbert Asquith, Michael Foot, William Gladstone, William Hague, Boris Johnson and Harold Macmillan and Gyles Brandeth.

Robert left Oxford to become a journalist for the Daily News. He remained with the paper until it was taken over by a competitor in 1930 and, at that point, he was made redundant. The following year he stood as a Liberal candidate in the constituency of Bristol North. Elected with a majority of 13,214, Robert became Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Health in the National Government of 1931 led by Ramsay MacDonald. Later on, he would serve as the Parliamentary Secretary to both the Minister of Health and, in 1939, to the Minister of Transport.

Throughout the 1930s, Robert was a fierce critic of Nazism and he was considered something of an expert on Germany. Robert’s 1934 book ‘Special Correspondent’ is a lively travelogue and details his experiences travelling throughout Germany. Although he witnessed Hitler in his role as demagogue, he failed to secure the personal interview that he so desperately desired. This was because Ernst Hanfstaengl, Hitler’s Foreign Press Bureau chief, realised that he was closely associated with the leader of the Liberal Party, Sir Herbert Samuel, who was himself Jewish.

At a time when many of his contemporaries were prepared to give Hitler and the Nazi Party the benefit of the doubt, Robert saw behind the facade of good order, smart uniforms and the veneer of legality. When he visited Breslau Concentration Camp, he conceded that, ‘We had seen no actual evidence of cruelty, and yet we had the haunting sensation of the nameless evils in that camp. Later on during that trip he attended an exhibition which ‘rammed home an ugly message about racial purity with pictures of disfigured Jewish and mixed-race children’. As early as 1933, Robert referred to Germany as an ‘armed camp’ and yet like the prophet Cassandra, nobody listened to his dire warnings.

There has been much speculation about Robert’s sexuality and he was reputedly linked to a scandal involving William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp, who was forced into exile. The Diaries of Chips Channon contain some scurrilous references to Robert’s personal proclivities and the Labour MP Chris Bryant includes Robert in his book ‘Glamour Boys’.

This book explores the role of a group of parliamentary rebels, many of whom were gay, who consistently denounced Nazism. After the Night of the Long Knives in 1934, it was perfectly clear to this group that no minorities were to be safe from Nazism. Bryant argues that those who were prepared to speak out demonstrated great courage – especially given that they were despised by the likes of Chamberlain and those committed to a policy of appeasement.

All too often, these politicians had their sexuality weaponised against them. The propagation of vicious rumours and the constant risk of personal exposure was intrusive, personally degrading and demonstrably unkind. It was indicative of a public sphere that was both censorious and intolerant. The Glamour Boys were not only fighting fascism; they were forced to confront prejudice and intolerance much closer to home.

In 1942 Robert married and, soon after, he joined the Royal Engineers as a sapper. He was promoted to Captain and remained a sitting MP. Robert died in a plane crash in January 1945 whilst on his way to visit British troops in Greece as part of a British parliamentary delegation. No trace of the plane has ever been found and Robert is commemorated on the Cassino Memorial in Italy. He is also remembered in the Chapel of Worcester College and here in our own school chapel. Robert left behind a wife and two very young children.
Robert speaking with some Allied soldiers and officers in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy in December 1944 – just a few short weeks before he died.

In many ways, Robert’s life was framed by conflict. As a schoolboy here at Rossall, he lived through the incalculable losses of the First World War. He experienced personal prejudice and witnessed firsthand the impact of antisemitism. Robert warned against the dangers of fascism and he lost his own life just before the end of the Second World War. Robert moved within a fast set of brilliant young men who experienced intolerance on account of their own sexuality. Startlingly intelligent, always on the side of truth and acceptance, we should remember Robert as a principled man who stood up for the downtrodden and oppressed. It was his tragedy to live through such turbulent times but it was also, perhaps, the making of him.

Shield commemorating the death of Robert located in the House of Commons Chamber

Did You Know That They Are Austrians?

By John Alan Irvin

Next time you order a “hearty breakfast” you can thank (or curse, depending on your waistline) none other than Austrian father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud. How? Through his nephew, the Austrian-American father of modern public relations Edward Bernays. Bernays spent little time in Austria, immigrating with his family as an infant, but his continued contact with his uncle back in Austria gave him an inside track on Freud’s emerging theories on the unconscious psychological motivation behind human behavior.

Once settled on his career as a self-described Public Relations Counsel, Bernays drew from psychoanalysis and other academic theories regarding group behavior in order to apply them to the very practical business of manipulating public opinion in order to sell products or ideas (one wonders how his uncle felt about this). In 1925 Bernays was hired by a meat packing company to promote the sale of bacon. Not content to follow the traditional advertising approach of simply praising his employer’s product or condemning the competition, Bernays sought to promote the sale of bacon by entirely changing public opinion about what constituted a good breakfast. It may be hard to imagine, but up until that time most Americans ate what we would consider a “continental breakfast”, that is, toast or a roll washed down with coffee and orange juice.

Drawing on what he knew to be an unconscious tendency to defer to authority figures, Bernays commissioned a “scientific study” that asked 5,000 physicians whether a “hearty breakfast” was better than a “light breakfast” in replacing lost energy. Not surprisingly, most doctors supported a “hearty breakfast.” Then Bernays went on to define in the public mind what constituted such a breakfast and (again, not surprisingly) bacon turned out to be a vital part. Eggs were included (to the unintentional but welcome benefit of the egg industry) and soon America considered bacon and eggs the natural and necessary elements of a “hearty breakfast.”

There are many examples of how Austrian-Americans have impacted how we in the United States live our lives, from what we eat to where we live and shop, even the movies we watch and the music we listen to. Though certainly not a comprehensive compilation, here are a few more: Turn on the faucet in your kitchen or bathroom and you might very well want to thank Austrian-American industrialist John Michael Kohler, who founded a company that makes many of the bathroom and kitchen appliances we use every day. Kohler was born on November 3, 1844 in the Austrian Alpine village of Schnepfau, before his father immigrated to the United States in the 1850s. Kohler eventually settled in Wisconsin and married the daughter of a local steel and iron industrialist. He took over his father-in-law’s business in 1873 and in 1883, put ornamental feet on a cast-iron water trough and sold it as a bathtub. Four years later, more than two-thirds of the company’s business was in plumbing products and enamelware. Kohler, also civic- minded, was elected Mayor of Sheboygan in 1892.

If you like to enjoy your hearty breakfast while turning the pages of The Guardian or The Times, you can thank August Brentano, the Austrian-American newspaper dealer who’s New York City business first started importing newspapers from London and other cities in the United Kingdom. Born in Hohenems in 1829, he immigrated to New York in 1851 and started working as a newspaper carrier.

On the other hand, if you prefer reading a good book while downing your bacon and eggs, chances are you purchased it from the chain bookstore that eventually absorbed the eponymous (and sadly missed) book store he founded in New York. Ladies may think the origin of their favorite “little black dress” goes back to Coco Chanel, but at least in the United States most of the credit goes to Austrian- American fashion designer Nettie Rosenstein.

Born Nettie Rosenscrans in Salzburg in 1890, her family migrated to the U.S. in the 1890s and settled in New York City. She started making dresses as a home business, but by the early 1920s she had her own factory. While her clothes were retailed around the country, only one store in each city was permitted to carry fashions bearing Rosenstein’s label. In addition to her little black dresses, she was known for print dresses with matching gloves and a line of fine costume jewelry. She even designed the Neiman Marcus dress First Lady Mamie Eisenhower wore to her husband’s 1953 Inauguration Ball.

If you bought that little black dress at a shopping mall, give a brief thank you to Austrian-American architect Viktor David Grünbaum, better known as Victor Gruen, the pioneer designer of the first outdoor pedestrian mall in the United States, who was also known for his urban revitalization proposals.

Gruen’s story is unfortunately like that of many other notable mid-20th Century Austrian-Americans. As a Jew, he was forced to flee Vienna following Germany’s 1938 annexation of Austria (the Anschluss). It is all the more tragic because so many of his fellow Austrians welcomed the new regime with little regard for the tremendous losses they would suffer. In driving away (or worse) so much of its Jewish citizenry, Austria lost an historic and irreplaceable part of its culture. However, Austria’s loss was the United States’ gain. In their new country, Austrian-American Jews found a place to thrive, we now celebrate such notables as the physicist Wolfgang Pauli, film director Fritz Lang, composer Erich Wolfgang Korngold, and neuroscientist Eric Kandel, to name just a few.

While wandering through some of the more chic boutique shops at the mall, you may have heard piped-in jazz music, perhaps cuts from the many albums of the jazz-funk band Weather Report. In that case, thank one of the founding members of the group, Austrian-American musician Joe Zawinul. Born in Vienna in 1932, he studied classical music at the Konservatorium Wien and played in various broadcasting and studio bands before immigrating to the U.S. in 1959 on a musical scholarship.

In 1970, he along with saxophonist Wayne Shorter, founded Weather Report, considered one of the pre-eminent jazz fusion bands. In his career Zawinul also played with such legendary musicians as Miles Davis, Dinah Washington, and Cannonball Adderley. If you decide you need a break from the daily grind, you may wish to leave your modern home, based on a design by Austrian-American architect Richard Joseph Neutra (who was born in Vienna in 1892 and immigrated to the U.S. in 1923), and take a trip to our nation’s capital.

In Washington D.C. you will find that the oldest of the three United States Library of Congress buildings, the Thomas Jefferson Building, was designed by an Austrian- American. John Smithsmeyer was born in Vienna in 1832 and immigrated to the U.S. in 1848, where he studied architecture in Chicago, started working in Indianapolis, and served as a soldier in Indiana during the U.S. Civil War.

Later, he and German-American architect Paul Pelz won the competition to design the building that would be home to the Library of Congress. Before ending the partnership, they also collaborated on Georgetown University and the Carnegie Library in Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Of course, any trip to Washington would be incomplete without a respectful visit to Arlington Cemetery, where you can see the Marine Corps War Memorial.

The memorial is topped with a statue based on the famous Joe Rosenthal photograph of Marines raising the flag on Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. The sculptor who created the statue was Austrian-American artist Felix de Weldon, who was born in Vienna in 1907 and came to the United States via Canada in the 1930s. He himself served in the U.S. Navy during World War II, which would mean he is one of the countless American service-men and -women honored by the National World War II Memorial on the Mall in central Washington, designed by Austrian-American architect Friedrich St. Florian.

Born in Graz in 1932, St. Florian moved to the U.S. in 1961 and became a naturalized citizen in 1973. After a long day touring Washington, visiting a shopping mall, and going out to dinner in your “little black dress,” you can return to your hotel room and relax before bed by watching a classic film on the television, perhaps one starring such Austrian- American actors as Paul Muni, Hedy Lamarr, Oscar Homolka, Lilia Skala, or Walter Slezak. (Editor’s note: you can also thank Hedy Lamarr for your cellphone and wireless internet connection; more on that in a separate article in this issue.) Or you may prefer something more recent starring Arnold Schwarzenegger or Christoph Waltz. In any event, after a good night’s sleep, do not forget to begin the day with a “hearty breakfast” of bacon and eggs… and maybe include a brief thank you to Edward Bernays and his Austrian uncle.

(c) John Alan Irvin traveled extensively during his service as a U.S. Army officer and government official. He currently lives in Washington D.C. and is especially fond of (almost) all things Austrian.

https://www.bhmpics.com/Edward-Bernays-Wallpapers.html

Download Free 100 + Edward Bernays Wallpapers

Show less