South American Civilization Stirs (3100 - ~200 BC)

Mummies, Monumental Architecture, Religion, and Violence.

In this video we explore the early development and towns and broader cultural zones in South America. Our focus is on the early towns, starting with the Norte Chico, or Caral-Supe, culture. We'll see how early South American towns were pre-ceramic, despite the long history of ceramics in South America. And we'll explore the relationship between coastal and inland towns. ~1800 BC a shift occurs, and while the Norte Chico sites dissipate, significant growth is seen both to the north and south, where similar public architecture, but now more neatly divided by region, arises. Next we'll come across Chavin De Huantar, picking up around 1200 BC, and we'll also meet the desert dwelling Paracas and their mummies along with the more violent Salinar+ times.

The Course I Mentioned (See lectures 2-7) - https://www.amazon.com/Remnants-Past-Andean-Culture-Today/dp/B00QHER5S8/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=south+america+the+great+courses&qid=1688135535&sr=8-1

If you'd like to support my efforts and help the channel's mission flourish, you can donate through the following links.
Liberapay - https://liberapay.com/ShlomoMullerSchoolOfBigHistory/donate
Paypal - https://www.paypal.com/donate/?business=NJWA7PZKPUMY4&no_recurring=0&item_name=You+Make+This+Big+History+Ship+Sail&currency_code=USD
Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/user?u=91984638

Credits
Templo Blanco de Kotosh amb l'edifici del Templo de las Manos darrera06 - Pitxiquin, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Templo Blanco, Kotosh06 - Pitxiquin, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Manos cruzadas Cotosh - Simon chara, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Manos Cruzadas, símbolo de una civilización en Kotosh - Juan A. Morales C., CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
PeruCaral01 - I, Xauxa, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Caral 1 - I, KyleThayer, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Caral-panorama1 - Mfdutra, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Huaca La Florida en Lima - Chad Boy, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Guerreros de piedra - Sechin - panoramio - BlackNose, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Cerro Sechín-15 - and
Cerro Sechín-27 - and
Cerro Sechín-28 - AlisonRuthHughes, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
HUACA AND CIELO - De Ewicho - Trabajo propio, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=62162564
PILASTRA - Ewicho, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
MocheEN - and
NazcaMap - QQuantum, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Caral 9 - I, KyleThayer, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
PeruCaral15 - I, Xauxa, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Chavín de Huantar-5 - AlisonRuthHughes, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Gossypium barbadense - Brian Gratwicke, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Three images I used under Fair Use. For each of these images, I could find no non copyright examples to use to illustrate
1. The nature of the U-Shaped structures, and specifically the nature of non attached platform mounds. For that I drew an image from the followign paper https://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/bibvirtualdata/publicaciones/antropologia/1998_n12/a03.pdf
2. What the fox in the womb sculpture looked like. For that I drew an image from https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/10443/ProyectoBuenaVista.pdf?sequence=1
3. What the Menacing Disk sculpture looks like. For that I drew an image from https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64662689/Condor_Skyscapes_reprint-libre.pdf?1602542595=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DA_Stone_Pillar_of_a_Condor_Marked_the_Eq.pdf&Expires=1688140123&Signature=W1oWjXX7EvBtLn8vrB~7qW24fSi5rmAHg6C5VoWemIr1GKK-dcypXoL529WOMNiDYDNjPWwqyAIPkI-aiZQfDs5ExJ49DEb9czGg270GPbP6FNI5fYi-NFM9gJJx3pHNi9ORaGc42jopgu0EvamQMQflTrhMjsRQRMqSpKsj4vulOeNJuWnYlnm0Rc5I-kx5ZE~a62QjQIBs-VzlANo7SiQSBUMi5uRNkDhQVWMipwkzIgZPtZPEsSuh0LAFXaT7F344nnfZTwV13a12-328fy2h6i8hHXU18hOcJuTWqxEGKVGmuc6WGXlV0l0TX1KtD8sOngH6bBvEh48Y-5zurg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
CupisniquePottery - Pattych at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons HombreTransformándoseEnFelinoCupisnique - Rowanwindwhistler, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Chavin - Août 2007 - Martin St-Amant (S23678), CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Chavín de Huántar - Sharon odb, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Chavín de Huantar-nX29 - PsamatheM, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Lanzon - Chiwara at the English-language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Chavin lanzon stela2 cyark - CyArk, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Chavin circular plaza cyark - [archive.cyark.org CyArk], CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Chavín Second Square Panoramic (cropped) - kcorac, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Estela Wachumero en Chavin - Marcelo Rodríguez Escudero, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Starr 070320-5800 Echinopsis pachanoi - Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Estela Raimondi - Ariadnayteseo, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons MuséeChavin 13 - BluesyPete, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Chavín de Huántar - 51149644124 - Apollo⠀, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons Chavin1054-he - user:רוליג, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (See earlier versions of image) ParacasMap - QQuantum, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons ParacasSkullsIcaMuseumOne - ParacasSkullsIcaMuseum.jpg: Marcin Tlustochowicz from Polandderivative work: Victuallers, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons Monte Verde 8 - Rodolfo Ditzel Lacoa, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons ChinchorroMummiesSanMiguelDeAzapa - Heretiq, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons Atacama map - cobaltcigs, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons MomiaChinchorro - Cratón, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Momia cultura chinchorro año 3000 AC - Pablo Trincado, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons Peru site locations - Ontrvet, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons Aspero - Dravinia, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Huaca Paraíso - Marcogg, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Huemul - Chris Fryer, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons