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On A Threshold Of A Dream Who I'm I ? Biology True Sex Gender Identity Attraction
In this true video i hope that my attempts to help all viewers and all sex's to understand without hate for each other the complex biology related to sex, gender identity, and attraction. Biological sex is explained as a symphony of chromosomes, genes, hormones, gonads, and secondary sexual characteristics. Several scientific studies regarding gender identity are examined to help understand underlying biological mechanisms. Lastly, a polygenic inheritance model is used to elucidate the biology of sexual orientation.
The Myth Of Biological Sex Today, the Supreme Court ruled that federal anti-discrimination laws protect gay and transgender employees. The 6-3 majority wrote that LGBTQ employees are protected under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination because of sex. The dissenting opinion claimed that Title VII protected only those who were discriminated because they were biologically male or female.
Many who oppose transgender rights believe that gender is determined solely by biological sex. But, biological sex isn’t as straightforward as they likely think, and there is no one parameter that makes a person biologically male or female. In fact, many conditions make assigning a biological sex quite difficult.
Despite the complexities, biological sex is often discussed as if it were obvious how to assign male or female sex. In addition to today’s Supreme Court ruling, last Friday, Trump eliminated transgender individuals’ civil rights in health care and Roger Severino, the Director of the Office for Civil Rights at the Department of Health and Human Services said of the bill that “We're going back to the plain meaning of those terms [male and female], which is based on biological sex.” Earlier this month, Harry Potter author, J.K. Rowling, was labeled anti-trans for making a distinction between biological women and transgender women. And, in April, Idaho became the first state to require that athletes competing in girls’ and women’s sports be biologically female. None explained exactly how they would assign biological sex in ambiguous cases.
Rowlings comments were in response to an article which referred to, “the menstrual health and hygiene needs of girls, women and all people who menstruate.” She tweeted , “‘People who menstruate.’ I’m sure there used to be a word for those people. Someone help me out. Wumben? Wimpund? Woomud?’ After facing criticism for suggesting that transgender women were not women, Rowling followed up, “If sex isn’t real, the lived reality of women globally is erased.”
The biology of sex is real, but it’s extremely complicated, and there is sometimes no easy way to draw a line between the biologically male and female. According to the BBC documentary, Me, My Sex and I, “There are about a dozen different conditions that blur the line between male and female. They’re known as disorders of sexual development or DSDs…. Altogether, DSDs occur as frequently as twins or red hair.”
Chromosomes
Most think chromosomes hold the key to biological sex, but that’s not always the case. Typically, those with two X chromosomes are considered biologically female and those with one X and one Y chromosome are considered biologically male. However, a DSD known as Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) leads some to have an X and Y chromosome, but physically appear to be girls. Without genetic testing, babies with AIS are often assigned female sex at birth and are raised as girls. They may not realize they are not biologically female until they hit puberty and don’t begin to menstruate.
Genitalia
The presence or lack of a penis is often thought of as another clear indicator of biological sex, but that’s not a decisive way to divide the sexes either. Some individuals are born with ambiguous genitalia and are not clearly male or female in genital appearance at birth. In fact, research indicates that about 2% of the population is born with these ambiguous traits. Those born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), for example, are chromosomally female but may have very masculinized genitalia. Despite the ambiguity, biological sex is often assigned to these individuals within a few days of birth.
Clinical psychogist, Tiger Devore, an outspoken advocate for individuals with DSDs who was born with ambiguous genitalia, describes the process that occurs at the birth of a child with ambiguous genitals, “People create radio silence and they wait for the doctors to come up with some kind of decision about this. The doctors are looking at their chromosomes, their gonads, how their tissues respond to various kinds of hormonal influences and seeing what they think will happen if they try to give this kid a male assignment or female assignment, and that can be a messy process.”
When genitalia is ambiguous, doctors try to determine biological sex by examining many indicators. In addition to chromosomes, doctors will examine if the baby has ovaries or testes, and whether or not they have a womb. Doctors also look at the hormones being produced and try to guess how the baby’s genitals will develop. To complicate the process, the results from each of these tests may not be clearly male or female but could fall somewhere in between. A baby may have a womb and may also have testicles inside their body. Rather than take a “wait and see” approach, doctors often still feel compelled to choose one sex for the baby.
In Devore’s case, in order to conform to society’s norms for how biological males appear, doctors recommended to his parents that he undergo surgery to appear more male. His first surgery was at three months of age. He’s had fifteen more surgeries since then, ten of which were conducted before he turned ten years old.
Testosterone
In elite athletics, testosterone is sometimes seen as the key to identifying who is permitted to participate as female. South-African runner Caster Semenya was assigned female at birth, raised as a girl and identifies as a woman. But Semenya has a DSD, and as a result, has XY chromosomes and very high testosterone levels. In 2019, new rules were instituted to keep women like Semenya from participating in certain events unless they take medication to lower their testosterone levels. Studies of testosterone levels in elite athletes show overlap between men and women, so it’s tough to use testosterone as criteria for who is biologically male and who is biologically female.
As for the Idaho law which prohibits transgender girls and women from competing in sports Representative Barbara Ehardt, the sponsor of the bill told the New York Times that DNA tests to determine chromosomes would be the first step. “If there are questions beyond that, there are hormone, urine and blood tests that are much more common.” When asked about intersex athletes, Ehardt said, “If there was a situation such as that, that person’s doctor would no doubt already be familiar and already be in a position to solve.” It seems biological sex would once again be left to the subjective decision of a doctor.
One of the reasons most of us are unaware of the ambiguity surrounding biological sex is that genitalia is something we don’t talk about openly. Clinical Psychologist, Aileen Schast, counseled parents who had given birth to children with DSDs and explained in a documentary how difficult it was for parents of a newborn whose sex was not clearly defined. “That early feeling of shame starts to develop. ‘This is something I can’t talk about. It has to do with genitalia, and we don’t talk about that. So, I can’t tell my sister and I can’t tell my friends at work,’” she described. Since few discuss these conditions, many don’t realize that they exist.
“What’s amazed me the most is that there is such a continuum from the male to the female, and it’s really hard to draw a line somewhere neatly in the middle,” Schast added. Biological sex, it turns out, is a lot like gender identity not always male or female, but occasionally somewhere in between. We The People Today!
In this true video i hope that my attempts to help all viewers and all sex's to understand without hate for each other the complex biology related to sex, gender identity, and attraction and we can stop killing each other now and maybe we can live in peace and love as we are and can be on a threshold of a dream starting today !
On a Threshold of a Dream / Question Of Balance - Music Moody Blues.
In The Beginning - First Man or Woman or AI or ?: I think, I think I am, therefore I am, I think. Establishment: Of course you are my bright little star, I've miles And miles Of files Pretty files of your forefather's fruit and now to suit our great computer, You're magnetic ink. First Man: I'm more than that, I know I am, at least, I think I must be. Inner Man: There you go man, keep as cool as you can. Face piles And piles Of trials With smiles. It riles them to believe that you perceive the web they weave And keep on thinking free.
Lovely To See You - A wonderful day for passing my way. Knock and my door and even the score With your eyes. Lovely to see you again my friend. Walk along with me to the next bend. Dark cloud of fear is blowing away. Now that you're hear, you're going to stay 'cause it's Lovely to see you again my friend. Walk along with me to the next bend. Tells us what you've seen in faraway forgotten lands. Where empires have turned back to sand. Wonderful day for passing my way. Knock and my door and even the score With your eyes. Lovely to see you again my friend. Walk along with me to the next bend.
Question Of Balance - Why do we never get an answer - When we're knocking at the door - With a thousand million questions - About hate and death and war? - 'Cause when we stop and look around us - There is nothing that we need - In a world of persecution - That is burning in its greed
Why do we never get an answer - When we're knocking at the door? - Because the truth is hard to swallow - That's what the war of love is for
It's not the way that you say it - When you do those things to me - It's more the way that you mean it - When you tell me what will be - And when you stop and think about it - You won't believe it's true - That all the love you've been giving - Has all been meant for you
I'm looking for someone to change my life - I'm looking for a miracle in my life - And if you could see what it's done to me - To lose the love I knew - Could safely lead me through
Between the silence of the mountains - And the crashing of the sea - There lies a land I once lived in - And she's waiting there for me - But in the grey of the morning - My mind becomes confused - Between the dead and the sleeping - And the road that I must choose
I'm looking for someone to change my life - I'm looking for a miracle in my life - And if you could see what it's done to me - To lose the love I knew - Could safely lead me to - The land that I once knew - To learn as we grow old - The secrets of our soul - It's not the way that you say it when you do those things to me - It's more the way you really mean it when you tell me what will be
Why do we never get an answer - When we're knocking at the door - With a thousand million questions - About hate and death and war? - When we stop and look around us - There is nothing that we need - In a world of persecution - That is burning in its greed
Why do we never get an answer - When we're knocking at the door?
So Deep Within You - Talk to me baby, I want to sleep at night - My heart is heavy, it's weighed down by the night. - And now I'm lonely, I want to see the light - So deep within you.
Cool wind is blowing through your crazy hair. - Warm colours flowing, this feeling we have shared. - And now I'm lonely I want to feel the love - So deep within you.
Your love's a never-ending dream - A castle by a stream of sweet understanding - I know you're thinking of me too, the messages - From you are my inspiration.
Love's incense lingers, it never fades away. - Like you I'm waiting for our special day. - And now I'm lonely I want to feel the love - So deep within you
My love is burning, like a forest fire - My heart is yearning, I feel a warm desire. - And now I'm lonely I want to touch the fire - So deep within you.
The Dream - When the white eagle of the North is flying overhead
The browns, reds and golds of autumn lie in the gutter, dead.
Remember then, that summer birds with wings of fire flaying
Came to witness springs new hope, born of leaves decaying.
Just as new life will come from death, love will come at leisure.
Love of love, love of life and giving without measure
Gives in return a wonderous yearn of a promise almost seen.
Live hand-in-hand and together we'll stand on the threshold of a dream.
Have You Heard (Part 1/2) - Part 1 - Now you know that you are real, - Show your friends that you and me - Belong to the same world, - Turned on to the same word, - Have you heard? - Now you know that you are free, - Living all your life at ease. - Each day has its always, - A look down life's hallways, doorways, - To lead you there.
(The Voyage) No Words
Have You Heard (Part 2/2) - Part 2 - Now you know how nice it feels, - Scatter good seed in the fields. - Life's ours for the making, - Eternity's waiting, waiting, - For you and me. - Now you know that you are real, - Show your friends that you and me - Belong to the same world, - Turned on to the same word, - Have you heard? - Have you heard? - Have you heard? - Have you heard? - Have you heard?
The Word & Om Spoken:
This garden universe vibrates complete - Some, we get a sound so sweet - Vibrations reach on up to become light - And then through gamma, out of sight - Between the eyes and ears there lie - The sounds of color and the light of a sigh - And to hear the sun, what a thing to believe - But it's all around if we could but perceive - To know ultra-violet, infra-red, and x-rays - Beauty to find in so may ways - Two notes of the chord, that's our full scope - But to reach the chord is our life's hope - And to name the chord is important to some - So they give it a word, and the word is OM
"OM" - The rain is on the roof - Hurry high butterfly - As clouds roll past my head - I know why the skys all cry - OM, OM, Heaven, OM
The Earth turns slowly round - Far away the distant sound - Is with us everyday - Can you hear what it say - OM, OM, Heaven, OM
The rain is on the roof - Hurry high butterfly - As clouds roll past my head - I know why the skys all cry - OM, OM, Heaven, OM
Moody Blues' song "Om" features the chanting of the word "Om," which represents Aum, a sacred mantra in Hindu, Jain, Sikh, and Buddhist religions.
https://youtu.be/2gsqrqsNsf8 - On a Threshold of a Dream
https://youtu.be/uZCzH8q1hcY - Days of Future Passed
https://youtu.be/26YzvbkbSDU - Question Of Balance
The Moodys were so far ahead of their time and so underrated - their songs were simply brilliant and transcended all other bands. The Moodies were the most influential musicians of my teenage years. Their songs touched me profoundly, and while some of my friends felt they were boring musicians, I believed the Moodies were almost preaching with their lyrics. To me each song had a profound message that literally touched my soul, and to me that produced what I felt was a real spiritual high. Starting with Days of Future Passed, each succeeding album was eagerly anticipated and every single one released did not disappoint. Still to this day I get a tingle in my chest when I play some of my favorite Moodie ballads. I know that there are many of you out there who feel the same way about our beloved Moody Blues. The ideas in their first seven albums (the sacred 7) were the messages I needed to hear at the time. I still live my life by them. So far ahead of their time. And like the difference between shoot-em-up games and Myst, the Moodies are a unique and shining example of excellence.
The Electric Prunes - Mass in F Minor - Om is the Primordial Sound of the Universe
Om is the seed of transcendental sound, and it is through transcendental sound one can transform the mind and the senses. By chanting Om, the mind becomes aligned with the breath, which enables a person to get into an elevated state of consciousness called samadhi. So Rock Mass in F Minor is this Transcendental Sound of your Real Mind. The album was planned to combine religious and classical elements with psychedelic rock, in a religious-based rock-opera concept album.
Samadhi is the highest state of mental concentration that people can achieve while still bound to the body and which unites them with the highest reality.
How Many Genders Are There? Gender Identity List of 170+ Gender Identity Now!
The term gender identity was coined by psychiatry professor Robert J. Stoller in 1964 and popularized by psychologist John Money. Gender identity is the personal sense of one's gender. Gender identity can correlate with a person's assigned sex or can differ from it. In most individuals, the biological determinants of sex are congruent and consistent with the individual's gender identity. While a person may express behaviors, attitudes, and appearances consistent with a particular gender role, such expression may not necessarily reflect their gender identity. Essentialists argue that gender identity is determined at birth by biological and genetic factors. In contrast, social constructivists argue that gender identity and how it is expressed is socially constructed instead determined by cultural and social influences. These positions are not mutually exclusive, as an innate gender identity can be expressed differently in different cultures.
Main Document
Gender identity is what someone feels is their gender. That means that how someone's private parts or how they look has nothing to do with their gender identity. Different terms, descriptions, and labels exist for other gender identities.
Gender identity can be understood to include how someone describes themselves, how they present, and how they feel. Below are 107 gender identities currently listed for 2023. (These are the more commonly known gender identities - as listed on Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gender_identities - and is subject to change at any time.)
https://www.sexualdiversity.org/edu/1111.php
Glossary of Sexual Diversity and Gender Terms Main Document
Language has power and is constantly changing. The terms listed in this glossary are designed to empower you with language that will help you better understand discussions of gender and sexuality. Many terms are self-identifications; they mean something different to each person who identifies with the term.
The table of definitions listed below is a work in progress and was created to aid both journalists, and others, in learning the correct terminology and meanings to use when writing articles regarding LGBTQ+ topics, as well as making related conversations easier. For the most part, terms are based in Western understandings of gender and sexuality so they may not speak to the experiences of those from many cultures. This is not an exhaustive list but instead provides some basic terminology to support an introduction to related topics.
Remember not to apply labels to individuals. Understand that identities are fluid and contextual - just because someone shares part of their identity with you doesn't mean they're comfortable with you sharing this with others.
https://www.sexualdiversity.org/edu/901.php
Glossary of Sex and Sexuality Words Main Document
Note: Although definitions of sexual terms and references are provided here, it is important to keep in mind that in the area of sex, gender and sexual behavior, the definitions and connotations associated with the words change over time and mean different things to different people. It is also important to separate behavior from sexual and gender identity, to avoid labeling anyone and to respect the terms people use to define themselves.
https://www.sexualdiversity.org/edu/13.php
Western culture is committed to the idea that there are only two sexes, male and female. However, there are at least six biological sexes that can result in fairly normal lifespans, and many more than six result in spontaneous abortion as the body knows the fetus won't be viable. Biologists speak of sex being "binary," and there exist only two sexes, which are fundamentally rooted in the binary classification between sperm and ova. Some people are intersex or have a difference of sexual development (DSD). Popular-level publications push this new narrative, with USA Today tweeting that there are "three different types of sexes." Egale, a Canadian LGBT advocacy group, teaches kids in clever rhyme that, when it comes to men and women, "you can be both or a mix of the two, or you can be neither if that’s what suits you.
Today, we have genetics and DNA that allows us to examine karyotype. We know, without question, that humans are not just born male and female. There are at least six biological sexes that can result in fairly normal lifespans. (There are actually many more than six but they result in spontaneous abortion as the body knows the fetus won’t be viable so it is flushed out of the system in a natural process meant to minimize the amount of nutrients and metabolism devoted to growing non-viable offspring.)
https://www.joshuakennon.com/the-six-common-biological-sexes-in-humans/
The Six Most Common Karyotypes
The six biological karyotype sexes that do not result in death to the fetus are:
X – Roughly 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 5,000 people (Turner’s )
XX – Most common form of female
XXY – Roughly 1 in 500 to 1 in 1,000 people (Klinefelter)
XY – Most common form of male
XYY – Roughly 1 out of 1,000 people
XXXY – Roughly 1 in 18,000 to 1 in 50,000 births
When you consider that there are 7,000,000,000 alive on the planet, there are almost assuredly tens of millions of people who are not male or female. Many times, these people are unaware of their true sex. It’s interesting to note that everyone assumes that they, personally, are XY or XX. One study in Great Britain showed that 97 out of 100 people who were XYY had no idea. They thought they were a traditional male and had few signs otherwise.
Even today, we irrationally, and rather stupidly, think of someone as a “man” if they look masculine and as a “woman” if the look feminine. It’s entirely arbitrary and can lead to some significant misunderstandings of how the world actually works.
68 Terms That Describe Gender Identity and Expression Gender and sex do not have the same meaning. One is social, and the other is biological. Gender is a spectrum, and there are many terms to describe it. Such language is important for understanding your gender and knowing how to affirm and support others.
https://www.healthline.com/health/different-genders
Biological Sex Is Not the Same As Gender
What causes some confusion in the general public is the use of biological sex and gender as interchangeable terms. They do not refer to the same thing.
Biological Sex – Usually determined by karyotype. The brain, body, and reproductive system can be different sexes, in the case of legitimate transgender people, where the brain physiology resembles that of the opposite sex, or biological chimeras.
Gender – Mostly used for cultural behaviors such as dress, mannerisms, signs of deference, et cetera, that differentiate the sexes, gender itself is not entirely a social construct. As already mentioned, neuroscience research over the past few decades indicates through an overwhelming amount of evidence that gender is not a “blank slate” that is imparted entirely by civilization, but rather has some inherent characteristics that manifest regardless of upbringing or environment.
This is why some fringe activists can seriously say, “You can be a woman with a penis”, while most of the world will look at them like they have lost their mind. They are inherently using the term “woman” to refer to gender and not biological sex. This difference in vocabulary is responsible for virtually all conflicts between groups on issues in this arena. They do not realize they are using a phrase to refer to two separate things that are often, but not always, congruent.
Comparing Athletic Performances: The Best Elite Women in the World to Boys and Men Athletic and Other Athletic Trans-She-He-Them-They-Why-Etc.
https://law.duke.edu/sites/default/files/centers/sportslaw/comparingathleticperformances.pdf
https://web.law.duke.edu/sites/default/files/centers/sportslaw/Experts_T_Statement_2019.pdf
https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4851&context=lcp
A woman is a person who can give birth to a baby boy or girl vaginal delivery or caesarean sections only that it and that all its about and no more talking about it today. ? ? ? ? Etc.
Emergency Childbirth 1961 US Navy Vintage Educational Film ** GRAPHIC **
https://rumble.com/v281x8a-emergency-childbirth-1961-us-navy-vintage-educational-film-graphic-.html
This Film From the US Navy Department (1961) shows how to render necessary assistance in the emergency delivery of a baby. Tells how to determine when delivery is too imminent to risk transportation to a hospital and outlines procedures to follow during and immediately after delivery.
How Many Genders Are There XX-XY-XYX-YX-YY And AI-Robots Inclusive Pronouns ?
So at LGBT Pride Weekend in West Hollywood to ask people some of the most debated questions that are relevant to the community. It got.. crazy. When I presented on issues facing LGBTQ college students at UVM’s Mental Health Matters conference this spring, I knew I had my work cut out for me. When the feedback was mixed, I wasn’t overly surprised.
Who is Adam’s (XY) first wife? Who is Lilith (YY)? Who is Eve (XX) ? Who is God (XYX) ?
First woman on earth Is Lilith not Eve ? - So In the Jewish\Hebrew mythology it says: that woman Lilith is the first woman on earth created by God before God created Eve, and Adam's first wife, she created by god from the same dust with Adam , Lilith also as known as the goddess of the night & darkness, also related to demon or monster.
Living As Intersex Person Androgynous vs Hermaphroditic Meaning Ask Questions
Androgyny and hermaphroditism are terms used to describe mixed biological sex characteristics in humans. Androgyny refers to intersex people born with congenital variations, while hermaphroditism is the possession of both male and female reproductive organs. In psychology, androgyny refers to individuals with strong personality traits associated with both sexes, combining toughness and gentleness, assertiveness and nurturing behavior. Transgender people come from every region of the United States and around the world, from every racial and ethnic background, and from every faith community.
Islamic Transgender Muslims In Pakistan Frequently Asked Questions Transgender People
Sunny is a trans person living in Pakistan. She begs in order to survive. Others get by as sex workers or dancers. Trans people in Pakistan are frequently cast out by their families and live in poverty. They can find safe spaces and a new family in special centers. Here, they do not have to hide and discover that they are not alone in their fight for survival and recognition in Pakistan’s conservative society. Only around 10 thousand people of Pakistan’s population of 220 million are officially counted as members of the “third gender,” yet it’s estimated that the true figure may be as high as 300 thousand.
Lesbians Raped Or Forced 2 Sex By Trans Men - Fight Between Trans And Feminists
Is a lesbian transphobic if she does not want to have sex with trans women? Some lesbians say they are increasingly being pressured and coerced into accepting trans women as partners - then shunned and even threatened for speaking out. Several have spoken to the BBC, along with trans women who are concerned about the issue too. Proposed changes to the Gender Recognition Act have sparked a bitter divide between the trans community and groups of feminists. Sky's Lucy Cotter has been looking at the fierce opposition facing the Government over proposed changes to the Gender Recognition Act. The Transgender community wants to simplify the process of transitioning, including the right to self-identify in a preferred gender - rather than face an extensive assessment.
Doctor Exposes Transgender Propaganda Movement Industry Is Existence Pronouns
Endocrinologist from California explains the devastating effects that puberty blockers, cross-sex hormones, and surgical modifications can have on children's developing bodies. The Transgender Industry Is Culling Tomboys Out Of Existence. Sometimes transgender propaganda is too honest for its own good. For example, Loudoun Now, a weekly newspaper in Virginia’s Loudoun County, just ran a horrifying story encouraging gender dysphoria in children.
Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminists and F.A.R.T. Mass Shooting Hale's Manifesto Info.
TERF IS A SLUR and or T.E.R.F. IS A F.A.R.T. ? Documenting the abuse, harassment and misogyny of transgender identity politics. Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminism ” ( or TERF ) it is a minority and radical subgroup of feminism ( let's reiterate it: it is only a part of radical feminism ) characterized by transphobia, especially trans-myisogyny. These people believe that the only “ real ” women are those born with vagina and XX chromosomes, supporting gender essentialism.
TERF and FART stand for “Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminist” and “Feminism Appropriating Ridiculous Transphobe” respectively. “Gender Critical” is what these people call themselves now that they don’t like TERF anymore (a term that they were using for themselves within the last decade).
TERFs are transphobes loosely organized into a trans hate group. They ally with the conservative religious right to put forth legislation that bars trans people from public and private life. Their current obsession is trans people in sports. While they hate all trans people, they attack trans women especially aggressively as trans women challenge TERFs’ view of biological essentialism around the identity and experience of womanhood. They also have an unhealthy fascination with trans kids and work especially hard to make the lives of trans kids miserable, usually under the guise of protecting cisgender kids.
Welcome to the Guided Tour for Introductory Terms! This list of terms should help give you the basics for understanding much of the Primer and the most common terms you’re likely to run into in the trans+ community. Please also check out our list of further reading to gain expanded context at the bottom of the page! https://translanguageprimer.com/guided-tours-index/introductory-terms/ - Talking to People Who Are Transgender or Nonbinary - https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-be-human-language-around-transgender - Welcome to “How to Be Human,” a series on empathy and how to put people first. Differences shouldn’t be crutches, no matter what box society has drawn for us. Come learn about the power of words and celebrate people’s experiences, no matter their age, ethnicity, gender, or state of being. Let’s elevate our fellow humans through respect.
Child Male-To-Female Gender Affirmation Total Laparoscopic Sigmoid Vaginoplasty
Child Male-To-Female Gender Affirmation And California bill highlighting gender affirmation in child custody cases moves forward. California lawmakers in the State Senate Judiciary Committee on Tuesday moved forward with a measure that would require courts to consider a parent's acceptance of their child's gender identity in custody or visitation cases. U.S.A. New Sharia Law Rules 2022 and Kids Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy Rules 2023 Kids Can Now Start At Age 8 Yrs. Old Puberty Blockers Drugs Per The President Biden's Administration has confirmed that the legal age of consent for oral sex and to marriage will be lowered to age 8 yrs old starting Feb. 14th. 2023
What Do We Mean By Sex and Gender? At Women’s Health Research at Yale, we are committed to advancing the health of a diverse society. We do this in large measure by studying the health of women and the similarities and differences in health outcomes between and among women and men. As we pursue our work, it is particularly important to use language that captures the different concepts of sex and gender so that our science and our findings can be more precise and better serve everyone.
What do we mean by sex and gender? Aren’t these terms interchangeable? Perhaps at some point in time they were used as synonyms, but this is no longer true in science.
In 2001, a committee convened by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), a nonprofit think tank that took on issues of importance to the national health, addressed the question of whether it mattered to study the biology of women as well as men.
The IOM, now embedded within the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), concluded there was more than sufficient evidence that, beyond reproductive biology, there were major differences in the biology of women and men that greatly affected their health and influenced treatment and prevention strategies.
Importantly, the committee emphasized that neither the health of women nor men is simply a product of biology but is also influenced by sociocultural and psychological experience. To differentiate between these broad areas of investigation, the members created working definitions of “sex” — when referring to biology — and “gender” — when referring to self-representation influenced by social, cultural, and personal experience.
The committee advised that scientists use these definitions in the following ways:
In the study of human subjects, the term sex should be used as a classification, generally as male or female, according to the reproductive organs and functions that derive from the chromosomal complement [generally XX for female and XY for male].
In the study of human subjects, the term gender should be used to refer to a person's self-representation as male or female, or how that person is responded to by social institutions on the basis of the individual's gender presentation.
In most studies of nonhuman animals, the term sex should be used.
These working definitions were a good start in recognizing the value of studying sex and gender and their interactions, yet they were always meant to evolve. Now, we are learning more about ourselves and so must adapt our terminology to be inclusive, respectful, and more accurate.
For example, while most people are born biologically female or male, rare biological syndromes can result in genital ambiguity. Or a resistance to a sex hormone can result in traits typical of the opposite biological sex.
Moreover, while an individual’s internal sense of gender can be female or male, some people identify as nonbinary — neither female nor male. Other individuals can identify as a gender that is the same as (cisgender) or different from (transgender) the one assigned at birth. These terms are separate from an individual’s sexual orientation, which describes a person’s emotional, romantic and/or physical attachments (such as straight, lesbian, gay, asexual, bisexual, and more). In science, as our understanding grows, so must the precision of our language in communicating what we know.
Sex refers to biology. In humans, sex refers to the biological attributes that distinguish male, female, and/or intersex. In non-human animals, sex refers to biological attributes that distinguish male, female, and/or hermaphrodite. In engineering & product design research, sex includes anatomical and physiological characteristics that may impact the design of products, systems, and processes.
Sex is complex, dynamic, context-dependent, and interacts with gender and other social factors (Ritz & Greaves, 2022).
Defining Sex for Biomedical Research: Humans and Lab Animals
Sex refers to the biological attributes that distinguish male, female, and/or intersex according to functions that derive from the chromosomal complement, reproductive organs, or specific hormones or environmental factors that affect the expression of phenotypic traits in sexually reproducing organisms. These attributes may or may not be aligned in any individual (Ainsworth, 2018; Fausto-Sterling, 2012). Sex may be defined according to:
1. Genetic sex determination: chromosomal make-up, generally XX/XY for most mammals. The presence of sex-determining genes means that every nucleated human cell has a sex.
2. Gametes: germ cells. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, the egg-sperm distinction is the basis for distinguishing between females and males.
3. Morphology: physical traits that differentiate female and male phenotypes.
a. Primary sex characteristics in humans and other mammals include:
i. internal reproductive organs and genitalia, which derive from bipotential organs (e.g., indifferent gonads that become ovaries or testes) and dual structures. Usually, one structure is maintained and the other regressed.
ii. external genitalia, which generally differentiate towards one of two basic forms: distal vagina, labia and clitoris in females and scrotum and penis in males. Nevertheless, external genitalia may not reflect karyotypical or internal genital sex (Fausto-Sterling, 2000).
b. Secondary sex characteristics in humans and many other animals are phenotypic traits strongly associated with females or males that become prominent at puberty under the influence of endogenous estrogens in females and androgens in males. Examples of secondary sex characteristics in humans include shorter stature and wider pelvis, breast development, and more fat in the thighs and buttocks in females and broader shoulders, greater muscle mass, more facial and other body hair, and “male pattern” baldness in males. These traits vary within each sex and ranges overlap. For instance, many women are taller than many men and some women are stronger than many men.
Intersex conditions may be defined as variations or combinations of what are considered XY male-typical and XX female-typical chromosomal, gonadal and genital characteristics. In some cases, intersex individuals (ranging from 1:100 to 1:4,500 depending on the criteria used) have genitalia or other traits not easily categorized as male or female (Jones, 2018; Arboleda et al., 2014; Karkazis, 2008; Kessler, 1998).
Defining Sex for Biomedical Research: Humans and Lab Animals
Sex refers to biological attributes that distinguish male, female, and/or intersex according to functions that derive from the chromosomal complement, reproductive organs, or specific hormones or environmental factors that affect the expression of phenotypic traits in sexually reproducing organisms. These attributes may or may not be aligned in any individual (Ainsworth, 2018; Fausto-Sterling, 2012). Sex may be defined according to:
1. Genetic sex determination: chromosomal make-up (female/male), such as XX/XY, ZW/ZZ (birds and some insects), and XX/XO (insects). Regardless of karyotype, the presence of sex-determining genes means that every nucleated cell has a sex.
2. Non-genetic sex determination: common in many species (Gilbert, 2010). These are diverse and include:
a. Social sex determination: For a number of fish, mollusc, and other species, sex is determined through social interactions with other members of a population. In the slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata, all young individuals are male but some later change to female, depending on their position in a mound of snails.
b. Environmental sex determination: In the echiuran worm Bonellia viridis, sex is determined by physical environment. Larvae that land on the ocean floor develop as females (~10 cm. long), whereas larvae that are engulfed by a mature female through her proboscis develop as males (~2 mm. long) and live symbiotically. In all crocodilians, most turtles, and some other reptiles, sex determination is determined partially or entirely by temperature. In certain species, sex is genetically determined within a temperature range but environmentally determined outside that range.
3. Gametes: germ cells. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, the egg-sperm distinction is the basis for distinguishing between females and males. In some species (called sequential hermaphrodites), the type of germ cell produced by an individual can change at different stages of life.
Hermaphrodite describes an individual that is able to produce both male and female gametes during its lifetime. Hermaphroditism is very common in nature, occurring in approximately 30% of animal species (excluding insects) and most plants (Jarne and Auld, 2006). Hermaphrodites are classified either as simultaneous (individuals functioning as both male and female at the same time) or sequential (individuals first functioning as one sex and then changing to the other at some point). The factors determining the timing, direction and frequency of sex change are diverse across nature, and dependent on the species and an individual’s social-ecological context (Munday et al., 2006; see Case Study: Marine Science).
Defining Sex for Engineering and Design:
In engineering & product design research, sex includes anatomical and physiological characteristics that may impact the design of products, systems, and processes (see portal: Design Thinking). Many devices and machines have been designed to fit male bodies. For example, military and commercial cockpits were traditionally based on male anthropometry, which made it difficult or even dangerous for some women (or small men) to be pilots (Weber, 1997). Crash test dummies are also based on male bodies; while small dummies are now used to represent women, they do not model bodily differences, such as neck strength (see Case Study: Inclusive Crash Test Dummies; Linder & Svedberg, 2019). Office building thermostats, which are based on male metabolic rates, may set temperatures too low for many women (van Hoof, 2015). Workplace safety gear (e.g., police vests) often does not fit women or smaller men.
It is also important to understand differences within groups of women, men, and gender-diverse people. Many period tracking apps fail users who have irregular cycles (Tiffany, 2018).
Analyzing How Sex and Gender Interact "Sex" and "gender" are distinguished for analytical purposes (see Sex and Gender). In reality, sex and gender interact (mutually shape one another) to form individual bodies, cognitive abilities, and disease patterns, etc. (Nowatzki & Grant, 2011; Fausto-Sterling, 2012; Schiebinger & Stefanick, 2020; Ritz & Greaves, 2022).
In brain research, for example, observed sex differences in biologic characteristics cannot be readily disentangled from social factors (Rippon et al., 2014). Gender norms shape dietary habits, physical activities, experience, and education—all of which are connected to brain functioning. Research, for instance, shows correlations between men’s higher education level in many countries and lower prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in these countries (Schiebinger & Stefanick, 2020).
Today, some scholars use the term “sex/gender” to acknowledge that sex and gender interact (Kaiser, 2015; Hyde et al., 2018). The epidemiologist Nancy Krieger describes sex and gender interactions as the “biologic expressions of gender” and “gendered expressions of biology” (Krieger, 2001). Pain, for instance, is influenced by biological factors, such as sex differences in ischemic, thermal, pressure and muscle pain sensitivity (Bartley & Fillingim, 2013), and cultural aspects, such as differences in how women, men, and gender-diverse individuals report pain, how physicians treat pain in women and men patients, and how patients’ perceived level of pain sensitivity vary depending on the gender of the physician (Alabas et al., 2012; Chapman et al., 2018; Lepold et al., 2014—see also Case Study: Chronic Pain). Research also suggests that gender stereotypes about pain can change how much pain people are willing to report, and also how much pain they perceive (Schwarz et al., 2019).
Likewise, testosterone levels are associated with both biological factors (e.g., the circulation of sex steroids) and cultural ones (e.g., marital status in men; Holmboe et al., 2017). In places where cultural norms affirm fathers caring for their children, fathers have lower testosterone levels than in places where fathers typically provide little care (Fine, 2017). Moreover, some individuals use hormones like testosterone to change aspects of their bodies to better align with their gender identities.
Sex and Sex Interact
In animal research, interactions between the sexes can shape research outcomes. Consider, for instance, the longevity of the nematode C. elegans. Research demonstrates that the presence of male C. elegans accelerates aging and shortens the life span of individuals of the opposite sex, in this case hermaphrodites (Maures et al., 2014). Most lab-studies of animals examine females, males, and hermaphrodites separately. However, the sexes coexist in their natural environments, and ignoring interactions between them will restrict our knowledge of species viability (Tannenbaum et al., 2019).
Similarly, the sex of the experimenter conducting animal studies can moderate an animal’s response to treatment. For instance, research finds that mice are less prone to exhibit pain in the presence of a male experimenter compared to a female experimenter, and that this “male-observer effect” is larger in female than in male mice (Sorge et al., 2014—see Method: Analyzing Sex in Lab Animal Research). In this case, the animals don’t show pain when exposed to male pheromones. This phenomenon may throw into question all prior results from pain research.
Sex and Gender Interact
Sex and gender also interact to shape the ways we engineer and design objects, buildings, cities, and infrastructures. Recognizing how gender shapes sex and how sex influences culture is critical to designing quality research.
Analyzing sex (physical needs) and analyzing gender (social needs) of the elderly, and analyzing how these needs combine in individual women and men helps researchers design the most effective and marketable assistive technologies.
It is important to analyze the complex interdependency of sex and gender throughout the human life cycle (Regitz-Zagrosek, 2012). If we take health status, for example, sex influences health by modifying behavior. At the same time, gender behaviors can modify biological factors. Although women and men are fundamentally alike, differences of sex and gender can interact to produce differing health outcomes.
Animal research includes the interaction between sex (biological characteristics, such as genes, hormones, age, reproductive phase, strain, etc.) and cultural or environmental processes (such as caging practices, attitudes and behaviors of researchers, room temperature, diet, etc.). The double-ended arrows represent interactions between sex and lab environmental factors. Environmental processes, such as caging practices or differential handling (which may include gender assumptions and practices on the part of researchers), may impact male and female animals differently. Investigators should not identify an effect as dependent on sex (or a biological trait) when, in fact, it is influenced by an environmental (lab) condition.
Both sex- and gender-related factors determine an individual's functional capacity across the the course of their life. Because sex and gender interact, it is difficult to identify the respective influences of each factor independently. For a discussion.
Pain has both biological aspects (sex differences in electrical, ischemic, thermal, pressure, and muscle pain sensitivity) and cultural aspects (gender factors in how people report pain and how physicians understand and treat pain in patients). What treatment a patient receives may depend on a patient’s gender and on a physician’s gender assumptions. Gender norms, for example, may influence a person’s willingness to report pain. These gender norms vary by ethnicity and other social factors. Physician gender assumptions may also influence treatments for women, men, and gender-diverse individuals. Clinicians often perceive women’s pain to be psychological; consequently, women may receive more non-specific diagnoses, wait longer for treatment, and receive more antidepressants and fewer painkillers than men.
An individual’s biology is created and transformed by both their biological sex and their cultural gender identity and expression. To be maximally effective, fields such as precision medicine, pharmacotherapy, and nutrition must integrate both sex and gender as variables of analysis. Sex, which includes, e.g., chromosomal complement, circulating hormones, interacts with gender, which includes, e.g., cultural influences of ethnicity and social norms, in omics analysis, as illustrated in this diagram.
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