Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) | Quick Explainer Video

What is Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)? We created this video to cover the medical definition and provide a brief overview of this topic.
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➡️ Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive imaging technique that allows for the assessment of ventilation distribution in real-time. It requires the placement of electrodes around the chest, typically between the fourth and fifth intercostal spaces. The electrodes are connected to a computing device with a monitor, and a small alternating current is sent from a reference electrode to each electrode around the chest. Impedance is measured between adjacent electrodes as the reference point rotates around the chest in a circular motion and repeats measurements approximately 50 times per second. This captures images that are reconstructed into a real-time animated graphic on the screen, referred to as the dynamic image. The images displayed represent a cross-section, similar in perspective to a CT scan, looking from the foot of the bed toward the head of the bed.

➡️ Monitoring
EIT allows for the monitoring of various forms of asynchrony, such as changes in end-expiratory lung impedance, the impact of adjusting the PEEP setting, and lung perfusion at the bedside. The integration of flow, volume, and pressure readings from the ventilator provides diagnostic tools to determine the PEEP level where overdistension and collapse are balanced. With EIT, the impact of changing ventilator settings on the distribution of ventilation can be assessed by comparing images before and after an adjustment is made. Trends can also be utilized to see the stability of ventilator adjustments over time, which is particularly helpful in determining the impact of changing PEEP in patients with certain lung diseases.

➡️ Devices
Modern devices have been equipped with the ability to measure the impedance of fluid distribution throughout the lungs, allowing assessment of lung perfusion at the bedside. It can also detect the effects of excessive spontaneous efforts, which reveals the potentially harmful consequences of spontaneous breathing in patients with severe ARDS. The capacity to monitor ventilation distribution, PEEP response, asynchrony, the impact of excessive spontaneous effort, and lung perfusion at the bedside has ushered in a new era of bedside monitoring focused on the individualization of mechanical ventilation. EIT is a valuable tool for monitoring the impact of mechanical ventilation on the lungs, leading to better patient outcomes and a reduction in the length of stay in intensive care units.

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🚑MEDICAL DISCLAIMER
This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult with a physician with any questions that you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you watch in this video. We strive for 100% accuracy, but errors may occur, and medications, protocols, and treatment methods may change over time.

💡AFFILIATE DISCLAIMER
This description contains affiliate links. If you decide to purchase a product through one of them, we receive a small commission at no cost to you.

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⏰TIMESTAMPS
0:00 - Intro
0:26 - Electrical Impedance Tomography
0:43 - Electrodes
0:54 - Impedance
1:27 - EIT Monitoring
2:04 - Trends
2:17 - Modern Devices
2:58 - Valuable Tool

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Andy Adler, CC BY 3.0 -- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 -- via Wikimedia Commons
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