Advocacy For Mushroom Vape Part 3 Mycopharmaceuticals and Nutrceuticals

Cited paper:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8304235/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5817425/

Table 2

List of studies on protein and carbohydrate contents in edible fungi from different geographical locations from 2010–2021.
Fungal
Species Wild or Cultivated Location Composition References
24 Chilean wild and commercial edible mushrooms from genera Agaricus, Agrocybe, Boletus, Cortinarius, Cyttaria, Flammulina, Grifola, Lactarius, Lentinus, Macrolepiota, Morchella, Pleurotus, Ramaria, Suillus, Tricholoma, and Xeroco-mus Wild and cultivated mushrooms Ñuble and Bio-Bio Regions, Chile Crude protein content: 8.56–23.88 g/100 g d.w. (Highest in Cortinarius lebre (Chilean endemic mushroom)); Carbohydrate content: 62.97–83.65 g/100 g d.w. (highest in Marcolepiota procera); [124]
Volvariella volvacea Cultivated mushroom Solan, India Protein content: 32%; Carbohydrate content: 52.2% [125]
Clavaria rosea, Ganoderma sp., Geastrum triplex, Hygrocybe parvula, Schleroderma bermudense Wild mushrooms Shivamogga District, Karnataka, India Protein contents: 25.71–36.51% (highest in Hygrocybe parvula); Carbohydrate contents:37.38–48.63% (highest in Ganoderma sp.) [126]
Pleurotus pulmonarius RN2, P. djamor RN81 and RN82 Cultivated mushrooms (cultivated on rice straw (Oryza sativa L.), corn stubble and husk (Zea maize L.)) USA and Panama Protein contents: 23.54–43.07% (highest in RN82 cultivated on corn husk); carbohydrate contents: 27.39–52.44% (highest in RN2 cultivated on corn stubbles) [127]
Lentinus sajor-caju and Lentinus torulosus Wild mushrooms Similipal Biosphere Reserve, India protein content: 27. 31–28. 36 g/100 g; carbohydrate content: 64. 95–68. 24 g/100 g. [128]
Amanita crocea (Quél. in Bourd.) Singer ex Singer, Amanita mairei (Foley), Boletus porosporus (Imler ex Bon & G. Moreno), Boletus regius (Krombh.), Gyromitra esculenta (Pers. ex Pers.) Fr., Helvella lacunose (Afzel.), Russula aurea Pers., Russula virescens (Schaeff.)Fr. Wild mushrooms Bragança (Northeast Portugal) Protein content: 4.40–21.85 g/100 g d.w. (highest in Rusula virenscens); Carbohydrate content: 49.64–88.79 g/100 g d.w. (highest in Boletus regius). [129]
Agaricus bohusii Bon Wild mushroom Jabučki rid, Northern Serbia Protein content: 18.06 g/100 g dw; carbohydrate content: 69.79 g/100 g d.w. [130]
Fistulina hepatica, Infundibulicybe geotropa, Laetiporus sulphureus, Macrolepiota procera var. procera and Suillus granulatus Wild mushrooms Sicily, Southern Italy Protein contents: 1.31–4.37 g% (highest in L. sulphureus); carbohydrate contents: 2.08–4.57 g% (highest in I. geotropa) [131]
Cantharellus isabellinus, C. cibarius var. longipes, C. rhodophyllus, C. miniatescens, C. appalachiensis, C. cibarius, C. natarajanii, C. fibrillosus, C. lateritius, C. applanatus, Cr. cibarius var. intermedius C. himalayensis, C. elongatipes, C. cibarius var. multiramis, C. indicus, C. pseudoformosus, C. umbonatus, C. minor Wild mushrooms Northwestern Himalayas, India Protein: 21.6–43.2 mg/g (highest in C. miniatescens); carbohydrate: 9.94–26.5 mg/g (highest in C. minor) [132]
Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm., Calocybe gambosa (Fr.) Donk, Clitocybe odora (Fr.) P. Kumm., Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. Wild mushrooms Bragança, Northeast Portugal Protein: 15.46–17.33 g/100 g dw (highest in Clitocybe odora); carbohydrates: 69.83–71.28 g/100 g dw (highest in Armillaria mellea) [133]
Pleurotus florida, P. sajor-caju and P. ostreatus Cultivated mushrooms (cultivated on bean straw) Pantnagar, India Protein contents: 30.92–36.75% db (highest in Pleurotus sajor-caju); carbohydrate contents: 0.49–31.59% db (highest in Pleurotus florida) [134]
Agaricus campestris, Boletus edulis, Calocybe gambosa, Cantharelluscibarius, Calocybe cornucopioides, Entoloma clypeatum, Flammulina velutipes, Macroleptiotaprocera, M. elata, Pleurotus ostreatus Wild mushrooms Croatian regions of Istria (northwest) and Slavonia (northeast) Protein: 24.22–47.21 g/100 g dw (highest in C. cornucopioides); carbohydrates: 24.6–66.78 g/100 g (highest in Macroleptiota procera) [135]
Boletus aereus Bull., Boletus edulis Bull., Boletus reticulatus Schaeff. Wild mushrooms Bragança, Northeast Portugal Protein: 17.86–22.57 g/100 g (highest in Boletus reticulatus); carbohydrates: 55.16–72.83 g/100 g (highest in Boletus aereus Bull. [136]
Candida valida Edible yeast isolated from babies’ weaning food produced from fermented corn (Ogi) and grown on synthetic medium and cane molasses Japan Protein: 42.6–44.3% (highest when cultured using cane molasses); carbohydrate: 26.9–28.8% (highest when cultured using synthetic medium) [137]
Polyporus tenuiculus Cultivated mushroom (cultivated in supplemented and nonsupplemented wheat straw and willow sawdust) Argentina Protein: 15.1–22.5% (highest when cultivated using wheat straw supplemented with soybean flour (5%) and wheat brand (15%)); carbohydrate: 47.2–51.6% (highest when cultivated using willow sawdust) [138]
Terfezia boudieri Wild desert truffle Ben Guerdane, Southeast Tunisia Protein: 10.5%, 15.4% total sugars [139]
Terfezia boudieri Wild desert truffle Hilvan- Sanliurfa, Yenice/Ceylanpinar/Sanliurfa, Polatlı/Ceylanpinar/Sanliurfa, Kiziltepe-Mardin and Malatya from Southeast of Turkey Protein 1.40–2.73 g/100 g carbohydrate: 4.84–12.30 g/100 g (highest from Kiziltepe/Mardin) [140]
Astraeus hygromatricus Wild edible fungus South-west India 11.71% and 4.66% protein from inner and outer part of the fruit bodies, 29.48% and 35.41% carbohydrate from inner and outer fruit bodies [141]
Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated mushroom (cultivated on oat straw (control), blank paper scraps and printed paper scraps) Portugal Protein contents: 9.29–14.7 g/100 g (highest when cultivated on oat straw; Carbohydrate contents: 73.2–78.6 g/100 g (highest when cultivated in printed paper) [142]
Pleurotus florida and P. eous Cultivated mushrooms (cultivated on paddy straw that has been added with either chicken manure, rice bran, wheat bran, black gram, green gram, or horse gram.) Tamil-Nadu, India Protein contents: 3.4–35.2% dwt. (highest when cultivated on paddy straw with chicken manure); carbohydrate contents: 31–63.8% dwt. (highest when cultivated on paddy straw with green gram) [143]
Boletus edulis, Boletus mirabilis, and Lactarius deliciosus Wild mushrooms KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Protein contents: 17.5–39.0% (highest in B. edulis); carbohydrate content: 51.7–76.0% (highest in L. deliciosus) [144]
Pleurotus pulmonarius Cultivated mushroom Sao Paolo, Brazil Protein contents: 31% in Basodioma, 32% in Mycelium; Carbohydrate contents: 30% of the aqueous solution [145]
Pleurotus eryngii, Dictyophora indusiata (Vent. ex Pers) Fisch, Agrocybe aegerita, Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst., Yanshan Agaric, Pholiota nameko Ito ex Imai., Hericium erinaceus, Copyinds comatus (MUII. Fr) Gray, Tremella, Cordyceps militaris, Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing, Auricularia auricula (L.ex Hook.) under wood, Agaricus blazei Murrill, Volvariella volvacea (Bull.:Fr.) Sing., Morchella esculenta, Griflola frondosa, Arimillaria mellea, Boletus, Russula vinosa Lindblad, and Sparassis crispa. - China Protein contents: 9.31–37.23% (highest in Tricholoma Shiitake); Carbohydrate contents: 0.54–37.23% (highest in Pleurotus eryngii); Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss ex Fr.) Karst. Yashan has the lowest protein and carbohydrate contents. [146]