1.36" 1.42" 1.75" vs 2.25" 2.50" 2.75" star fold roll crimp & fired length short low recoil 12 Gauge

a tapered spiral paper strip base wad in a .73" mandrill wound thin paper wall body pressed
into a brass cup you then band crimped to a rim & jacket shape, all to hold in black powder
& then wool felt & cards to separate powder & shot prevent mixing & for efficiency / speed

from the base up we have;
primer supporting spiral paper strip base wad "in" the "hull"
black gun powder & to prevent propellant & projectile mix
hard, nonflammable nitro card, skirted base gas tite seal, over powder Obturator
anti deformation cushion or "spacer" wad (optional)
under shot card pellet cushion & pellet wrapper or shot cup (optional)
shot pellets or slug projectile(s)
star / fold crimp or a rool crimp

2.25" star or 2.5" roll crimped length 2.75" 12 gauge shot shells will fit magnum barrels
explicitly labeled as 3" or 3.5" shell chambered & some rechambered shorty chambers

to fit more shells in a mag tube & or to optimize your load bag use;
a base wad integral to the "hull"
dense smokeless propellant
one-piece integral gas seal, cushion/spacer & tall trimable shot cup,, "wad"
hardened slug or shot pellet projectile(s)
roll crimped over shot card
see also
an all paper & cork version from the Development of
1890's 12 gauge 2" stubby shells & their 1930's 5 lbs guns,

1.75" shells will "work" ONLY if used for short range & if they can feed , fit more shots per mag

reduced-recoil & or short 12-Gauge shell 30" pattern tests at 10 yards
.937 Ounce 1.75" 1.42", 1145 - 1200 fps, 5.65", Federal Shorty 16X4b,
.625 Ounce 1.75" 1.36", 1050 - 1200 fps, 7.23", Aguila Minishell 7X#4b & 4X#1b
.875 Ounce 2.25" 2.19", 1320 - 1250 fps, 6.98", NSI MiniBuck 6X00b

https://archive.ph/rSbPa the tests
https://archive.ph/A9skH wads explained
https://archive.ph/plGFC shot shell anatomy & history
https://archive.ph/ET3zU 2 inch shell history

= other citations archived due to youtube link bot & censor flag threats

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