2. Ancient Egyptian Civilization The Siege of Alexandrea - Cleopatra, Julius Caesar, Ptolemy XII

The Siege of Alexandria was a military conflict that took place in Egypt in 47 BC, during the final stages of the Roman Republic. The conflict was fought between the forces of Julius Caesar and those of the Egyptian king Ptolemy XIII.

Caesar had come to Egypt to resolve a dispute between Ptolemy XIII and his sister Cleopatra, who were vying for control of the kingdom. However, he found himself caught up in the middle of a civil war, with both sides seeking his support.

Ptolemy XIII's forces besieged Caesar and his troops in Alexandria, but Caesar was able to hold out against the siege for several months. During this time, both sides engaged in numerous skirmishes and battles, but neither was able to gain a decisive advantage.

Eventually, Caesar was able to secure his position by allying himself with Cleopatra and defeating Ptolemy XIII's forces in a final battle outside Alexandria. Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile while trying to escape, and Caesar emerged victorious.

The Siege of Alexandria was an important moment in ancient history, as it marked the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the beginning of Roman rule in Egypt. It also solidified Caesar's reputation as a military leader and helped to establish his political power in Rome.