Drones: technology, military and strategic impact

The term "unmanned aircraft" refers to an aircraft that is controlled remotely, sometimes even autonomously. This has been encounteredThe term a lot of criticism; Because the plane is led from a distance by a ground pilot, and he is the one who takes care of preventing it from falling. So it is desirable to takereferred to as “unmanned aircraft” or “unmanned aircraft systems”. Some people also use the name "Drones".According to its English source Drones), which is taken from the name of the male bee; Where this emerged during the Second World War1939-1945, when these planes were distinguished by black bands placed along the tail of each of them, to look like male bees
Drones are classified in terms of shape into three forms:
Fixed wings.
(Remotely Piloted Helicopter)
In deceptive forms

The first unmanned aircraft appeared in England in 1917, and was developed in 1924 (4). Since World War I, it has been
The United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom were the first countries to use it in their armies, and then the Soviet Union joined in the 1930s.
Unmanned aircraft used for military purposes (Reuters)

the last century. The Second World War 1939-1945 and the Korean War 1950-1953 made it possible to use it from
Before the United States intraining purposes, and as a guided missile
In confronting manned warplanes,
And one of them was used for each of those purposes once; Therefore, it produced about 15,000 aircraft through a factory
It is located in southern California. As for its role in the intelligence field, it emerged after the Vietnam War 1955-1975 (5), and its mention was associated with
By use in the attack on Kosovo, in 1999, when it was supplied at that time for the first time with missiles
As a result of the continuous development in its industry, and the increasing demand for its acquisition, global spending on it is expected to approach 100 billion.
dollars by the end of the current year 2019 (7), especially with the aspiration of many countries to develop them to replace warplanes
manned fighters and bombers, including nuclear bombers, and countries seeking in this field the United States and Israel
As the world's leading producers of unmanned aircraft; Where they dominate its market and control its key, especially Israel
which is its main source
Unmanned aircraft operating systems and international competition in their industry
The take-off and landing of some close-flying UAVs is controlled by different controls, and by means of different controls
Radio waves, so that these tools work to communicate with aircraft and facilitate their leadership (9). As for the drones that fly
Hundreds of kilometers away from the ground guidance stations, it is not possible to control them via radio waves, but rather by satellites
The industry that ensures the sustainability of wireless communication with it. It usually sets its path points to direct itself by means of
Its system is automated and based on predetermined coordinates. Global Positioning System enabled
System (GPS), to facilitate the determination of the place of departure to return to it automatically if necessary.
The sensors supplied with the aircraft work like normal optical cameras and infrared cameras
And radar.. to detect the challenges it faces, so that the automatic flight system sends all information to the ground pilot, so it works
The Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) avoids collisions by means of a system
autopilot, not ground pilot; Because the radio communication system between the plane and the pilot cannot be completely trusted
ground

Despite the developments in the field of unmanned aircraft, it is still facing various technical and technical problems, which have caused it to suffer
Lots of accidents. Reports issued by the US Department of Defense (Pentagon) in 2010 revealed that thirty-eight were destroyed
Unmanned aircraft, "Predator" and "Reaper", during the operations of the US Army, in both Afghanistan and Iraq,
And nine other aircraft, during training operations in the United States. The causes of these and similar incidents are attributed to a number of factors
Reasons, including the following (13):
Airplanes were shot down, human and operational errors were committed, and they could not be tracked.
Design defects and processing errors.
The unreliability of the information received from local clients in the targeting areas.
Bad weather, such as clouds and rain