History of european union | European Union (EU): What It Is, Countries, History, Purpose

The European Union, formerly known as the European Communities
(EC), or European Economic Community (Common Market), is a
movement to unite Western Europe. For hundreds of years, there has
been an ongoing effort to unify Europe. Prior to World War II, because
of intermarriage between Royal families, all crowned heads were
closely related.
French philosopher Montesquieu said in the 18th century: “Whenever
in the past Europe has been united by force, the unity lasted no longer
than the space of a single reign.” He went on to predict the peaceful
unification of Europe. In 1871, Victor Hugo, the French novelist, said:
“Let us have the United States of Europe; let us have continental
federation; let us have European freedom.”
In 1922, Count Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi founded the Pan
European Union. He fled Austria in 1940, and came to the United
States, where he continued to work towards European unity. In 1941,
Andre Malraux called for a “European New Deal, a federal Europe
excluding the USSR.” In an October, 1942 letter to the British War
Cabinet, Winston Churchill wrote: “Hard as it is to say now, I trust that
the European family may act unitedly as one under a Council of
Europe. I look forward to a United States of Europe.” He also said in a
September 19, 1946 speech at the University of Zurich: “We must build
a kind of United States of Europe.” Churchill made the United Europe
Movement a cohesive group, by merging the Union of European
Federalists, the Economic League for European Cooperation, and the
French Council for a United Europe, into an organization known as the
International Committee of Movements for European Unity.
Late in 1947, various people and groups formed a committee to
coordinate their efforts, and by May, 1948, organized the Congress of
Europe, which convened at the Hague in the Netherlands. Nearly 1000 prominent Europeans from 16 countries called for the establishment of
a United Europe. Dr. Joseph Retinger, who had helped organized the
meeting at the Hague, came to the United States in July, 1948, along
with Winston Churchill, Duncan Sandys, and former Belgian Prime
Minister Paul-Henri Spaak, to raise money for the movement. This led
to the establishment of the American Committee on a United Europe
(ACUE) on March 29, 1949. Their first Chairman was William Donovan,
the first Director of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS, the
forerunner of the CIA); the Vice-Chairman was Allen Dulles, who later
became the Director of the CIA; and the Secretary was George S.
Franklin, who was a Director in the Council on Foreign Relations, and
later a coordinator with the Trilateral Commission.

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European Union

European Union (EU) | Definition, Flag, Purpose, History
The European Union and Countries in the EU
European Union (EU): What It Is, Countries, History, Purpose

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