5. Ancient Greece Civilization: Greco-Persian War Part Two - Battle of Thermopylae - 480 BC

The Battle of Thermopylae was a battle fought in 480 BC between an alliance of Greek city-states and the Persian Empire. The Greeks were led by King Leonidas of Sparta, while the Persians were led by King Xerxes. The Greek alliance had chosen to defend a narrow pass at Thermopylae, which prevented the Persian army from outflanking and encircling them. This greatly reduced the Persian army's numerical advantage and allowed the Greek force of around 7,000 to hold off the Persian army of around 100,000 for three days.
However, a local resident named Ephialtes betrayed the Greeks by showing the Persians a mountain path that allowed them to outflank and surround the Greek force. King Leonidas and the majority of his men were killed in the ensuing battle, but their sacrifice allowed the rest of the Greek army to retreat and regroup. The Battle of Thermopylae is famous for the bravery and sacrifice of the Greek soldiers, who fought against overwhelming odds and delayed the Persian advance into Greece. It is also considered a turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars, as it allowed the Greeks to prepare and eventually defeat the Persians at the Battle of Plataea the following year.

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