Dr. Andrew Kaufman and Sayer Ji Disprove Claims That COVID-19 Fulfills Koch's Postulates

In this video I have uploaded, with permission, Dr. Andrew Kaufman and Sayer Ji's review of a paper published by the world famous Nature journal which makes unfounded claims that COVID-19 fulfills Koch's postulates. The first sentence of the paper is a direct lie as is miscategorizes "association" with "causation". Kaufman illustrates that the methods and experimental results of the paper are statistically insignificant and none of Koch's postulates are fulfilled despite the claims; of which even the papers referenced by Nature state that experimental findings don't fulfill Koch's postulates. Unfortunately this is the state of mainstream "science" which is more about narrative building then truth finding.

For reference, I have listed the Nature paper, Koch's postulates, as well as all papers referenced in the video below:

The Nature paper they reviewed is called: "The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice" by Bao et al, May 7, 2020. Note the following terms used in the title:

- "Pathogenicity" is the property of causing disease.
- SARS-CoV-2 or "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" is the assumed "virus" that is assumed to "cause" COVID-19 or "corona virus 2019".
- hACE2 or "human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2" is the assumed "cell-entry receptor" for SARS-CoV (or the assumed general "species" of which SARS-CoV-2 is a specific "strain").
- "Enzymes" are "proteins" that act as biological catalysts or biocatalysts.
- "Transgenic mice" are genetically engineered mice with hACE2 injected into the ova or egg cells.

MES translation of Nature paper title: "The ability to cause disease of the new coronavirus in genetically modified mice with human protein entry receptors of the general species of coronaviruses".

Koch's postulates were formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884 as guide for establishing a causal link between microbes (or microorganisms) and a disease; they are listed below:

1. The microbe is found in only the diseased organisms.
2. The microbe must be isolated from the diseased organism and grown in a pure culture.
3. The cultured microbe should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
4. The microbe must be reisolated from the newly diseased and identified as being the same as the original causative microbe.

Although the Nature paper gives the impression they are using Koch's postulates they instead reference a paper by Rivers in 1937 which uses a modified version of Koch's postulates. Kaufman summarizes Rivers version of Koch's postulates as follows:

1. The parasite (virus) is present in every case of the disease.
2. The parasite should be fully isolated from the body and all products of disease (i.e. purified).
3. The parasite should be grown in a pure culture (not possible for viruses).
4. The isolated parasite produces the same disease, with all of its characteristics, in a normal host.

In the case of "viruses", Rivers modifies Koch's 3rd postulate by allowing for material, free from ordinary microbes, to used and obtained from the patients with the natural disease while demonstrating a regularity of infection in experiments.

The papers referenced in the video are listed below:

- Bao et al 2020, Nature: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2312-y
- Zhu et al 2020, NEJM: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
- Li-Li et al 2020, CMJ: https://journals.lww.com/cmj/Fulltext/2020/05050/Identification_of_a_novel_coronavirus_causing.3.aspx
- Rivers 1937, ASMJ: https://jb.asm.org/content/jb/33/1/1.full.pdf
- Carsana et al 2020, medRxiv: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.19.20054262v1.full.pdf
- Wichmann et al 2020, AIM: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7240772/pdf/aim-olf-M202003.pdf
- Chi-square calculator: https://www.socscistatistics.com/tests/chisquare2/default2.aspx

This video was originally uploaded on September 19, 2020 on the GreenMedInfo.com YouTube channel: https://youtu.be/sSBQUIEUbQ8

Check out more from Dr. Andrew Kaufman and Sayer Ji:

- Kaufman's website: https://www.andrewkaufmanmd.com/
- Kaufman's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/AndrewKaufmanMD
- Sayer's website: https://www.greenmedinfo.com/
- Sayer's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/Greenmedinfopage .

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