Psychology of Freedom | Dr. Dmitry Leontiev | IL8 Meaning Conference 2002

11 a.m. – 11:50 p.m. Invited Lecture
IL8 Dmitry Leontiev, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology, Moscow State University

Chair: Alfried Längle, M.D., Ph.D., Society for Logotherapy and Existential Analysis

Psychology of Freedom: Determination and Self-determination in human life activity

The paper presents an interdisciplinary overview and theoretical framework for the psychological approach to the issues of freedom as the capacity of self-determination. Anthropological considerations based on systems approach and multilevel nature of human activity (V.Frankl, R.Harre) and the phenomenon of bifurcation processes in inorganic nature (I.Prigogine) make it possible to account for freedom as a real possibility, rather than an illusion. Mechanisms of free action are revealed on the basis of the idea of conscious awareness breaking the causal chains (E.Fromm, R.May, M.Mamardashvili) complemented by the principle of action mediation by symbolic tools (L.Vygotsky). Developmental view gives the understanding of both sound and distorted (metapathological) patterns of the development of human capacity for freedom through the childhood and adolescence (E.Deci, R.Ryan, S.Maddi, E.Kaliteyevskaya). Psychological capacity of freedom appears as a higher mental function in Vygotsky’s terms. It is based on universal anthropological prerequisites but takes shape in course of acquisition of social practices of controlling others’ behavior that become then directed at oneself and grow into self-mastery. Analysis of the instrumental and value resources of self-determination makes it possible to draw the inferences for educational practice and psychotherapy/counseling. General view on the relations between the determined, undetermined and self-determined aspects of human life reveals the unique inalienable place of existential psychology in the general framework of the psychology of personality.

Educational Objectives:
1) Explore an interdisciplinary theoretical framework for issues of freedom as the capacity of self-determination.
2) Understand freedom as a real possibility, rather than an illusion.
3) Understand the value and application of self-determination for education and psychotherapy/counselling.

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