Forbidden Castle Podcast EP. 3 - Psychology and Supplements With Justin Holmes

In Episode 3 Of The Forbidden Castle Podcast, Justin Holmes joins the crew in discussing Psychology, Supplements, Hormones, and Chemistry!

DISCLAIMER: Justin Holmes is not a doctor. The contents of this video should not be taken as medical advice. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any health problem - nor is it intended to replace the advice of a physician. Consult your physician or qualified health professional on matters regarding your health. All the advice shared is hypothetical and not recommended to be followed or used in any way but entertainment. By choosing to watch this video you agree to forfeit any legal action.

Key/Definitions
NEURONS: Also called “neurones” or “nerve cells” are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, for sending motor commands to our muscles, and for transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between (The University of Queensland, 2019).

NEURONAL CIRCUIT: A neural circuit is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated (Purves, 2011).

NEUROPLASTICITY: The brain’s ability to modify, change, and adapt both structure and function throughout life and in response to experience (Voss, 2017).

ANDROGEN: An androgen, or male sex hormone, is defined as a substance capable of developing and maintaining masculine characteristics in reproductive tissues (notably the genital tract, secondary sexual characteristics, and fertility) and contributing to the anabolic status of somatic tissues (Handelsman, 2020).

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR (AR): The receptor that androgenic hormones (androgens) bind to, which aids in the process of the androgen exhibiting its effects. The AR does this by allowing the androgen to enter the cytoplasm and ultimately cause gene expression. The androgen receptors are located in bone, muscle, prostate, adipose (fat)tissue and the reproductive, cardiovascular, immune, neural and haemopoietic systems (Davey & Grossmann, 2016).

TESTOSTERONE: Testosterone is the major andogenic sex hormone in males and plays a number of important roles, such as: The development of the penis and testes The deepening of the voice during puberty, the appearance of facial and pubic hair starting at puberty; later in life, it may play a role in balding, muscle size and strength, bone growth and strength, sex drive (libido), and sperm production (Harvard Health Publishing, 2019).

OXYTOCIN: A hormone that plays a key role in facilitating childbirth (via contractions), breastfeeding, maternal bonding and social affiliation, and more (Magon & Kalra, 2011).

VASOPRESSIN: Also known as “antidiuretic hormone” (ADH) or “arginine vasopressin” (AVP), is a nonapeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus. It’s known to play essential roles in the control of the body’s osmotic balance, blood pressure regulation, sodium homeostasis, and kidney functioning. Similar to oxytocin, vasopressin is known to affect maternal bonding and social affiliation, as well (Cuzzo, 2021).

CONTRACEPTIVES: Also known as “birth control” are usually synthetic estrogens or progestins used to prevent pregnancy.

ANTIBIOTICS: Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in living organisms. They work by killing the bacteria or inhibiting the bacteria from growing/spreading.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: When bacteria develop a defense/resistance (e.g mutation) to antibiotic drugs when the drugs are overused/over prescribed.

“SUPER BUGS”: The name given to a certain demographic of bacteria that have developed a defense/resistance to antibiotic drugs. Superbugs are immune to most antibiotic drugs because of the antibiotic resistance they have developed through mutating.

SOURCES
What is a neuron? Queensland Brain Institute. (2019, August 13). Retrieved December 28, 2021, from https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/what-neuron
Purves, Dale (2011). Neuroscience (5th ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer. p. 507. ISBN 9780878936953.
Cuzzo, B. (2021, August 27). Physiology, Vasopressin. StatPearls [Internet]. Retrieved December 28, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526069/
Davey, R. A., & Grossmann, M. (2016, February). Androgen Receptor Structure, Function and Biology: From Bench to Bedside. The Clinical biochemist. Reviews. Retrieved December 28, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4810760/#!po=0.714286
Handelsman, D. J. (2020, October 5). Androgen Physiology, Pharmacology, Use and Misuse. Endotext [Internet]. Retrieved December 28, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279000/#!po=99.6445
Voss, P. (2017). Dynamic Brains and the Changing Rules of Neuroplasticity: Implications for Learning and Recovery. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01657